Vocabulary:

Shrimp – креветка

Shell – панцир; раковина

Lobster – лобстер

To match – мати схожість

Gills – зябра

Appendage – придаток

Abdomen – брюшина

Claw – клешня

To dig burrow – рити нору

To molt – линяти

I. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:

1. What is shrimp?

2. What do shrimps usually feed on?

3. Do shrimp serve as an important food for fish and other water animals?

4. How do shrimp grow?

5. How do fishing crews catch shrimp?

II. Find the english equivalents to the following words:

Вирощувати; улов; заморожувати; самка; самець; судно; твердий; сховатися; використовувати; розміщувати; пробувати на смак; в свою чергу; змінювати колір; зябра; голова; хвіст; вид; пісок; відкладати ікру; єдиний засіб.

III. Translate into ukrainian:

1. The most common kind of the United Sates food shrimp, hatch from eggs laid in the ocean up to 160 kilometers offshore.

2. A newly hatched peneid looks like a tiny pear with legs.

3. It changes shape several times until, after two to four weeks, it looks like a miniature adult.

4. Young peneid shrimp move toward shore as they develop, but 80 per cent or even more may be eaten by sea animals along the way.

5. After about five to seven months of rapid growth, the shrimp begin a two-month trip back to deeper water.

6. They breed in deep water, and each female lays 500 000 to 1 000 000 eggs.

7. Scientists believe that most of the adults die soon after the eggs are laid.

IV. Find in the list below antonyms to the following words:

Forward, tiny, fresh, small, hard, stiff, live, easy, quickly, adult, far

Giant, near, slowly, young, die, difficult, flexible, large, soft, salt, backward.

Text 9

Salmon

Salmon is one of the most important food sport fishes. Every year throughout the world eat millions of cans of pink or red salmon.

Salmon are born in a freshwater stream, and most of them spend part of their life in the salt water of the ocean. Then they return to the freshwater stream of their birth to spawn. Pacific salmon spawn only once and soon afterward. Atlantic salmon may swim back to the ocean after spawning and return to fresh water to spawn as many as three more times. Adult salmon swim upstream at spawning time. The fish are famous for their fighting spirit. They battle rushing currents and leap across swirling rapids and over waterfalls as high as 10 feet (3 meters). When hooked, they struggle furiously to escape.

Most salmon spawn in summer or autumn after swimming upstream as far as 3 kilometers from the ocean. The journey may take several months. Female salmon lay their eggs in the gravelly bed of a shallow stream. A male salmon stands guard as the female turns on her side and digs a nest in the gravel by swishing her tail back and forth. The female lays her eggs in the nest, and the male fertilizes them with sperm.

The female then swims forward a short distance, digs another nest, and lays more eggs. The male and female may repeat the spawning process several times.

The eggs hatch after three or four months, and the baby salmon lie hidden in the gravel for several weeks. They feed on a yolk sac. Some kinds of salmon leave fresh water for the ocean immediately after they come out of the gravel. Other species may spend up to three years in fresh water. They eat insects and small animal life called plankton.

Only a small percentage of the salmon reach the ocean from fresh water. Fish and birds eat some salmon, and polluted water kills others. Salmon that reach the ocean live there from six months to five years. During this period they feed on shrimp, squid and small fish. Scientists know that most salmon return for spawning to the same stream in which they hatched. Many scientists think salmon navigate in the sea by somehow sensing the magnetic field of the earth and the currents of the ocean. After reaching the coast, salmon apparently remember the odor of their «home» stream and follow this scent.

Salmon stop eating after reaching fresh water to spawn. They live off fat stored in their body. As the fish travel upstream, their shape and colour change.

Commercial fishing crews catch salmon as the fish leave the ocean to journey upstream. Most salmon are caught with nets. Some salmon is sold fresh, frozen or smoked, but most is canned.