Vocabulary:

Herring - оселедець

Shore - берег

Plentiful - багатий

To disturb - турбувати

To produce light - світитися

By means of – за допомогою

Net - сітка

To catch - ловити

Catch - улов

Fish meal – рибна мука

Fertilizer - добриво

Bait - наживка

Average - середній

Purse seine – гаманцевий невід

School – косяк

I. Answer the questions:

1. What fish family does sardine belong to?

2. What is the origin of the word sardine?

3. When does sardine fishing take fish?

4. What do sardines feed on?

5. Where do the people use sardines and what for?

II. FIND THE ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS TO THE FOLLOWING WORDS:

Зграя, улов, самець, самиця, рух, наживка, щорічний, волога, масло, ловити, сітка, узбережжя, видаляти, добриво, турбувати.

3. Translate into english:

1. Щука відноситься до хижаків.

2. Вона поїдає інших риб.

3. Міцний хвіст допомагає щуці швидко пливти за своєю здобиччю.

4. Сардини живуть в теплих водах океану, недалеко від берега.

5. Сардини харчуються планктоном.

6. Вилов сардин відбувається вночі, коли не має місяця.

3. Arrange the following english words in pairs of synonyms:

Tiny, school, small, feed on, shoal, eat, various, learn, main, different, prime, study.

3. Read the following english words and find their ukrainian equivalents in the right column:

Shoal – вплив

Nostril – звичка

Isthmus – ніздря

Silt - харчуватися

Disturb – водорость

Worm – хижий

Habit – перешийок

Feed on – мул

Weed – тубувати

Fin – черв’як

Carnivorous – плавник

Influence – зграя

Capture – хвороба

Disease – добич

Prey–захворювання

Text 8

Shrimp

Shrimp are delicate shellfish related to crabs and lobsters. Shrimp are found in fresh and salt water in nearly all parts of the world. Some species live near the shore, where they hide in mud or sand by day and feed by night. Others swim about in groups in deep, cold water. A shrimp generally swims forward; it can swim backward by flipping its fan-shaped tail.

Most shrimps have grey, brown, white or pink bodies. But some are red, yellow, green or blue. Some can change color to match their surroundings. Many species are luminescent (light - producing).

The smallest shrimp are less than 2,5 centimeters long. Some giant freshwater species grow over 30 centimeters long and have feelers equally long.

Larger shrimps are sometimes called prawns.

Many small shrimp eat plankton (small drifting plants and animals). Large shrimps feed on material on the sea bottom. Shrimps, in turn, serve as an important food for fish and other water animals. Some shrimps help «clean» fish by feeding on parasites from the gills, mouth and scales of the fish. Other shrimps closely resemble these shrimps, but, instead of eating parasites, they take bites of the gills and flesh of the unsuspecting fish.

Most shrimps have 19 pairs of jointed legs, feelers, and other appendages. Head and chest have two pairs of feelers, which taste the water to locate food, a pair of appendages serves as jaws, five pairs of appendages handle food, and five pairs are walking legs. The abdomen has five pairs of swimmerets, which are used in swimming and reproduction. It also has a pair of appendages that form part of the shrimp's tail.

Some kinds of shrimp have claws on their two front pairs of walking legs. A shrimp uses its claws to gather food, to fight, and to dig burrows in which to hide. The pistol shrimp makes a sound like a gunshot by snapping one of its claws.

A shrimp’s shell is hard and stiff and encloses the animal's body. The only way the shrimp can grow is to molt (shed its shell) and grow a new shell, A shrimp molts many times during its life. A new larger shell hardens after each molt. If any appendages have been lost, new ones develop during the course of several molts.

Various species of shrimp have different life cycles. Some live a year at others may live five years or more. Some females carry their eggs on their swimmerets until they hatch. Other lay their eggs and swim away. Some shrimps do not swim about but live in burrows in sand or mud.

Members of the groups shrimp, the pandalids, all begin life as males. At about 2 years of age, they change to females.

Fishing crews use pouch-shaped nets called trawls to catch shrimp. Boats drag the trawls across the bottom of the sea or river mouth. The catch is frozen or canned quickly because fresh shrimp spoil easily.

The United States leads the world in shrimp production. About half of the world's catch comes from Asia. People in Japan raise shrimp in large tanks or ponds.