Marine aquaculture

Mariculture is a specialized branch of aquaculture involving the cultivation of marine organisms for food and other products in the open ocean, an enclosed section of the ocean, or in tanks, ponds or raceways which are filled with seawater. An example of the latter is the farming of marine fish, including finfish and shellfish e.g. prawns, or oysters and seaweed in saltwater ponds.

Marine aquaculture or mariculture - is relatively new direction in fishery activities at the coastal Ukrainian zones of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.

At the present time a mariculture development in the coastal waters appears more profitable, very promising and competitive.

With this purpose breeding the fish and release it into the numerous estuaries of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, such as sturgeon, mullet, sturbotplaice and other species. Scientific and research and experimental works on development of technology of mariculture have been initiated by the new experimental plantations, farms, completes for breeding, catching and processing of shellfish, crustacean and seaweed.

Of all the molluses living in the Black Sea, the most important for fisheries are mussels, oysters. Natural mussels in the Black Sea live in big colonies clustering on the surface of large stones. They are found everywhere: along the walls of embankments, ports.

Non-food products produced by mariculture include: fish meal, nutrient agar, jewellery (e.g. cultured pearls), and cosmetics.

VOCABULARY:

Shellfish – молюск

Crustacean – ракоподібні

Seaweed – морська водорість

Oyster – устриця

Sturgeon – осетр

Mullet – кефаль

Sturbotplaice – камбала-глось

1. GIVE THE ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS TO THE FOLLOWING:

Морeкультура, рибний промисел, вирощувати рибу, ловля ракоподібних, переробка мідій та молюсків, прибуткова галузь, розвиток технологій, запроваджувати наукові розробки.

II. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES:

1. Marine aquaculture is ....

2. Technologies on mariculture development have been initiated ....

3. For fisheries the most important moluses are ....

4. New direction in fishery activities ....

III. TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH:

Морська аквакультура - відносно новий напрямок у рибному промислі. Він успішно розвивається у прибережних зонах Чорного та Азовського морів. Передові технології вирощування риб були запроваджені у багатьох рибних господарствах та комплексах для вирощування, ловлі і переробки молюсків, ракоподібних І морських водоростей. Найбільш важливе місце в цій галузі займають устриці та мідії. В теперішній час розвиток морської аквакультури стає прибутковим і досить перспективним.

Supplementary

Text 1

Aquaculture

Aquaculture, in the United States, includes the farming of hatchery fish and shellfish which are grown to market size in ponds, tanks, cages, or raceways and released into the wild. Aquaculture is also used to support commercial and recreational marine fisheries by enhancing or rebuilding wild stock populations. It also includes the cultivation of ornamental fish for the aquarium trade, as well as plant species used in various pharmaceutical, nutritional, and biotechnology products.

According to the FAO, in 2004 the United States ranked 10th in total aquaculture production, behind China, India, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Japan, Chile, and Norway. The United States imports aquaculture products from these and other countries, and operates an annual seafood trade deficit of over $9 billion.

Shellfish (oysters, clams, mussels), account for two-thirds of marine aquaculture production, followed by salmon (25 percent) and shrimp (10 percent). Production occurs mainly on land, in ponds, and in coastal waters under state jurisdiction. As a result of recent advances in offshore aquaculture technology, commercial finfish and shellfish operations have been established in more exposed, open ocean locations in state waters in New Hampshire, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_the_United_States - cite_note-noaa_aquaculture-18

Total U.S. aquaculture production, including aquatic plants, is about $1 billion annually, compared to the total world production of about $70 billion. Only about 20 percent of U.S. aquaculture production is from marine species. NOAA estimates that the annual U.S. domestic aquaculture production of all species could increase from about 0.5 million tons to 1.5 million tons by 2025.

Text 2