II. Дайте відповіді на запитання

1. What is the purpose of the ignition system?

2. What does the primary circuit consist of?

3. What is the purpose of the primary circuit?

4. What does the secondary circuit consist of?

5. What are breaker points made up of?

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III. Виходячи з відповідності речень до тексту, позначте їх +/-

1. The basic principle of the electrical spark ignition system has not changed for over 85 years.

2. The automobile has evolved from a mechanical system to a solid state electronic system.

3. The primary winding of the ignition coil is wound with a small number of turns and has a small resistance.

4. The secondary coil acts as a step-up transformer.

5. The points are made up of a fixed contact point and a movable contact point.

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IV. Визначте тип термінів тексту стосовно їх будови

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V. Знайдіть приклади інтернаціональної лексики

ВАРІАНТ 19

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І. Прочитайте та виконайте повний письмовий переклад

2005 Mercedes-benz e320 cdi

Mercedes-Benz introduced the world's first diesel-powered passenger car, the 260D, in 1936. Sixty-nine years later, Benz is among the handful of European manufacturers setting the standard for diesel design. Diesels now make up 40 percent of the company's global production, and in some European countries - including Austria, France, and Spain - more than half the cars are diesels, a result of such factors as favorable fuel taxes and relatively loose standards for particulate emissions.

Drivers in the United States, however, have yet to warm to diesel engines. Diesel fuel isn't significantly cheaper than gasoline. Worse, the engines have a reputation for smokiness and unreliability dating back to the notorious Oldmobile diesel V8s of 1978 to 1985.

So the Mercedes-Benz E220 CDI - one of just seven diesel passenger vehicles available in the United States this year - had to be bulletproof and more. The defining components of the E320 CDI, a turbocharged diesel variation of the popular E320 sedan, are its electronic engine-management system and its common-rail direct fuel injection. Together, these improve the accuracy of fuel metering, allowing unprecedented combustion control that keeps particulate emissions within U.S. standards - the strictest in the world.

Forcing fuel into each cylinder of a diesel engine through its own seven-nozzle solenoid injector, with a compression ratio of 18:1 - twice that of spark-ignition gasoline engines - requires pressures of 159000 kilopascals (23000 pounds per square inch). That's 70 percent more pressure than would be typical in an older diesel fuel-injection system using a distributor pump. Even a few years ago, to achieve this kind of pressure reliably was considered impossible.

In the new systems, electronics control not only the fuel pressure, injection timing, and injection duration but also key parameters of the turbocharger, an auxiliary pump driven by exhaust-gas pressure. The turbo's purpose is to generate more power by cramming more air into the combustion chamber at greater pressure (or "boost"), enabling the engine to combust more fuel at the correct ratio. Electronics control the speed and boost of the turbocharger, whose output nozzle can be reduced in diameter automatically to provide higher pressure as the engine starts to rev from idle, and expanded for greater overall boost at higher engine speeds. This control more accurately pressurizes the charge at low revs, compensating for the effect known as "turbo lag", in which the turbo takes a second or more to rev up to optimal boost pressure.

The turbodisiel is more economical, with fuel usage figures roughly equivalent to those of the Honda Accord Hybrid: 27/37 mpg (8.7/6.4L/100km) in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's combined city/highway cycle. For comparison, the gasoline-powered E320 gets 20/28mpg (11.8/8.4 L/100 km).

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