1. Запомните значения данных слов.
design |
|
new crops designed for the study; the device designed in our laboratory; researchers designed to prolong their experiments; the design of the machine; the design of the research; the design of the picture
staff |
|
the staff of the plant; teaching staff; a staff engineer; to staff marketing department with good specialists; R&D must be appropriately equipped and staffed
Прочитайте и переведите текст, выпишите незнакомые слова.
FOOD RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY
Food R & D are greatly important to provide the new products needed for success: both must be closely linked in a market and technology linkage.
Three specific issues will heavily influence food manufacturers:
Food Safety. The food industry will have to increase efforts to assure the safety of its products. This will mean greater effort devoted to food safety assurance in product manufacturability, requiring a thorough knowledge of the history and risks associated with all ingredients.
Health Benefits. Big opportunities for the future revolve around offering foods with enhanced nutrient levels and foods containing physiologically active components that deliver potential benefits in health maintenance and disease prevention.
Interest in diet and health has resulted in a whole new industry in the 1990s – functional foods. This is a broad category including nutraceuticals, designer foods, medical foods, pharmafoods, and phytochemicals. It would include many foods currently marketed. Examples are cereal products high in complex carbohydrates and fruit products containing phytochemicals, to provide a particular health benefit.
Biotechnology. Since 1986, more than 25.000 transgenic crop trials have been conducted. Whereas initial crops were designed to deal with important disease or weed problems, the next developments will see compositional changes with improved oils and proteins. Nearly all major crops will likely have some transgenic products in the future and with increased interest in functional foods many possibilities for nutrient or phytochemical modification will occur.
ASSIGNMENTS
1. Приведите в соответствие слова левой и правой колонки.
-
to assure
to increase
to enhance
to deliver
to result in
to include
to provide
to conduct
to achieve
to define
strategies
nutraceuticals
potential benefits
nutrient levels
advantages
efforts
health benefits
food safety
transgenic crop trials
functional foods
2. Используя текст A7, закончите данные предложения.
1. The food industry will have to increase efforts to … . 2. Big opportunities for the future revolve around offering foods with … . 3. Interest in diet and health has resulted in … . 4. Since 1986, more than 25.000 … . 5. With increased interest in functional foods many possibilities for … .
3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. What does food safety assurance mean? 2. What is the role of the government agencies? 3 What do big opportunities for the future revolve around? 4. What has interest in diet and health resulted in? 5. What foods are called functional? 6. What are the prospects in the field of biotechnology?
4. Расскажите по-английски:
а) о продуктах функционального назначения;
б) о развитии пищевой промышленности в 21-м веке.
TEXT № 10 «FOOD INDUSTRY FORECAST: CONSUMER TRENDS
TO 2020 AND BEYOND»
1. Прочитайте текст без словаря и составьте его план на русском языке.
2. Перечислите основные факторы, влияющие на дальнейшее развитие пищевой промышленности.
3. Расскажите о появляющихся тенденциях развития.
4. Объясните, что автор подразумевает под тенденциями «повторения».
5. Расскажите о пище лечебного назначения.
6. Выразите свое отношение к перспективам развития пищевой индустрии.
Notes
preference – предпочтение
convenience – удобство, пригодность
to recycle – повторять цикл развития; рециркулировать
Although food marketplace is undergoing dramatic changes, the same types of products that were with us 20 years ago are still here today. In reality, fundamental shifts in consumer lifestyle and attitudes are slow to influence eating and food purchasing behaviours.
This is not to say that there won’t be dramatic changes in food offerings between now and the year 2020. There will be. Significant shifts in demographics, psychographics, and consumer food preferences1 – taste, price, nutrition, convenience2, health and technological innovation – will continue to drive the food business.
Emerging trends are truly new items, such as phytochemicals and ethnic-fusion (слияние) foods. Only recently has science been able to confirm and identify important phytochemical compounds. Likewise, with continued ethnic mixing and interest in foreign foods, hybrid cousines and dishes unlike anything we have ever tasted before are appearing on menus every day. By 2020, years of ethnic mixing will have created a tremendous demand for more flavourful and unique foods.
Recycled3 trends are usually based on things considered “fringe” (зд. вне поля зрения) 20 years ago. Just think back. Twenty years ago, the health food movement was just beginning. Whole grains, sprouts (ростки), yougurt, and herbs (зелень, кулинарные травы) were coming into popularity. Weight-loss centers and protein diets were coming into being. Today natural and organic foods are widely in sales. Between now and 2020 the natural organic trends will enjoy enormous popularity. The days of artificial ingredients will be gone; the emphasis will be on natural alternatives.
There is no doubt, that health will remain a topical problem. Twenty years from now, marketing products for disease prevention and treatment will be common place. At the same time, however, science will continue to find the health-promoting and curative (лечебный, целебный) powers of food components and natural substances. Clearly, fresh fruits, vegetables, and grains and their inherent nutrients and phytochemical components will continue to lead as consumers main strategy for approaching health through food. At the same time, the functional foods market will mature offering foods and beverages not only for improved life-style and performance, but for those with risk factors for the major diseases and those affected with chronic conditions.
By 2020, consumers will welcome the role of technology in extending product shelf life and controlling foodborne hazardous (опасный) microorganisms. The importance of microbial technology will steadily increase.
In the year 2020 manufacturers and marketers should focus on emerging trends in the food, health, and supplement industries. Don’t be surprised if some of opportunities are old trends recycled with a new twist (поворот). For in a way, “the more things change, the more they stay the same”
TEXT № 11 «ECOLOGY IN FOOD INDUSTRY»
Active Vocabulary
waste (v., n.) – (n) потеря, ущерб, убыток, порча, трата, отходы, отбросы;
(v) расточать, терять, тратить, портить, опустошать, истощать
hazard (n., v.) – риск, опасность, помеха; рисковать, осмеливаться
hazardous (adj) ['hæzədəs] – рискованный, опасный
to valorize – поддерживать ч.–л. с помощью государственных мероприятий, (ре)валоризировать
discharge (n., v.) – разгрузка, освобождение, спуск, слив, выделение; выбрасывать, спускать, сливать, выгружать
to embed – вставлять, укреплять, внедрять, включать, встраивать
utility – сооружение, предприятие, установка, приспособление
effluent – сточные воды, жидкие промышленные отходы, сток
to screen – сортировать, просеивать, отбирать
pyrolysis [pai'rolisis] – пиролиз, терморазложение при исключении кислорода
incineration – сжигание, сгорание, прокаливание
tertiary ['tə:∫əri] treatment – эффективная переработка отходов производства (третья стадия обработки)
to pollute [pə'lu:t] – загрязнять, осквернять
pollution – загрязнение, запыление, загазованность
pollutant – поллютант, загрязнитель, загрязняющий агент
to dump – разгружать, сбрасывать отходы (в море), сваливать
to strip – снимать, сдирать, счищать, опустошать, отгонять
PRE-TEXT EXERCISES