Computers in an office

A computer really makes office life easier as it can do all sorts of different jobs. The same computer could be used, for example, as a word processor, for filing, printing, working out statistics for the accounts department, communicating with other offices, web browsing.

When a company decides to install a computer, it usually gets a system administrator to study the ways in which the machine might best be used. If the company is a large one, the system administrator may be a full-time employee, looking after the continuous improvement and adaptation of the computer system. The system administrator will recommend what kinds of program and computer equipment are required.

Many companies buy ready-written programs ‘off the shelf’, or buy programs that can be tailored to specific needs but are mostly standard. This reduces the cost of the system, for programming is very expencive and time-consuming. Once it is installed and running, a well-designed computer system can take over much of the routine work and at the same time provide accurate information about the business quickly and efficiently.

Ex. 3. Match the English words from Set A with their Ukrainian equivalents from

Set B:

1.	word processor	a)	дані
2.	filing	b)	готові програми
3.	web browsing	c)	текстовий редактор
4.	system administrator	d)	навігація в мережі
5.	install a computer	e)	пристосований до певних потреб
6.	tailored to specific needs	f)	системний адміністратор
7.	data	g)	зберігання інформації
8.	ready-written programs	h)	встановити комп’ютер

Ex. 4. Read the article and fill in the correct words from the box:

homework, microcomputers, management, personal, compact, designed

PERSONAL COMPUTERS

Personal computers are also called ___ or home computers. The most ___ are called laptops. They are portable and work on built-in batteries.

Personal computers are ___ for use at homes, educational institutions, and offices. At home they can be used for home ___ (balancing the family finances, for example) and for playing computer games, watching films or listening to music. Students can use computers for doing their ___ and all the higher educational establishments now have computers for independent learning and computer-literacy studies. In the office ___ computers may be used for word processing, bookkeeping, storage and handling of necessary information.

Ex. 5. How computer-literate are you?

a) Divide these words into two groups. Work in pairs to do the exercise:

1) parts of computer;

2) things you can do, send and receive on a computer.

download, monitor, plug instruction, mouse, keyboard, process data, print, go on-line, electronic mail, website, digital messages, dip art, software, log on/off, surf the net, display.

b) Explain as many of the words as you can, in English if possible. Which words are the same, or similar, in your language?

c) Look at these verbs. They are all common computer commands. Use them to complete these sentences.

connect, help, save, undo, cut, copy, preview.

1. You ...... a computer to the Internet by a normal telephone line.

2. You can get advice by selecting " ...... ".

3. If you give a command by mistake you can ...... it.

4. The ...... command allows you to see the text as it will be printed.

5. If there is a wrong word in your report you can ...... it.

6. To move the text from one place to another, you use the ...... command, then you go the place where you want the text to be and ...... it there.

Ex. 6. Read the article and chose the correct form of the verb, active or passive. Ignore the gaps.

WHAT IS A COMPUTER?

A computer is really a very specific kind of counting machine. It can do/be done arithmetic problems faster than any person alive. By means of electric circuits it can find/be found the answer to a very difficult and complicated problem in a few seconds.

A computer can "remember" information you give/is given it. It stores the information in its "memory" until it needs/is needed. A_____

There are different kinds of computers. Some do only one job over and over again. These are special-purpose computers. Each specific application requires a specific computer. One kind of computer can help us build a spacecraft, another kind of computer can help us navigate that spacecraft. A special-purpose computer builds/is built for this purpose alone and cannot do/be done anything else.

But there are some computers that can do many different jobs. They call/are called general-purpose computers. These are the "big brains" that solve the most difficult problems of science. B_____

The most important parts of a general purpose computer are as follows: -a) memory, where information keeps/is kept; -b) an arithmetic unit for performing calculations; -c) a control unit for the correct order of operation; -d) input device; -e) out put device for displaying the results of calculations. C_____

We used to think of a computer as a large machine with many buttons and flashing lights that took/was taken up a whole room. But today computers are becoming smaller and smaller D_____. Though these small devices are called microcomputers or minicomputers, they are still true computers.

There are several advantages in making computers as small as one can. Sometimes weight is particularly important. For example, quite a load of electronic apparatus carries/is carried by a modern aircraft. If it is possible to make any of these smaller, and therefore lighter, the aircraft can carry/ be carried a bigger payload.

E _____But weight is not the only factor. The smaller the computer, the faster it can work.

Another advantage is that less power require/is required to run the computer. Sometimes a computer takes so much power for cooling systems. That is why still more power require/is required to be installed to keep the computer from getting too hot, which would increase the risk of faults developing. So a computer, which does not need to cool/be cooled, saves power on two counts.

Some of the first computers cost millions of dollars, but people were quick to learn that it was cheaper to let a million-dollar computer make the necessary calculations than to have a hundred clerks trying to do the same by hand. Scientists found that computers made fewer mistakes and could perform the tasks much faster than almost any number of people using manual methods. The demand for computers grew. As the demand grew, the number of factories able to produce computers also grew.

Ex. 7. Each of the following sentences fits into a gap in the article. Read the article again and decide where each sentence fits.

1. They answer questions about rockets and planes, bridges and ships - long before these things are even built.

2. and even are even being put inside other devices.

3. This kind of consideration applies to space satellites and to all kinds of computers that have to be carried about.

4. When you are ready to solve a problem, you can get the computer to sort through its stored facts and use only the proper ones. It works the problem with lightning speed. Then it checks to make sure that no mistakes are made.

5. The input and output devices are called peripherals.

Ex. 8. Using the tables a and b make up questions and let your fellow-students answer them. Don't forget to use the speech patterns: In my opinion; To my mind; It seems to me; I consider (think); As far as I remember (understand, know).

a)

What do we call

a microprocessor? memory? personal computer? a program? a microcomputer? a keyboard? a program? a monitor a mouse

b)

A computer A microprocessor Memory Personal computer A microcomputer A keyboard A program A monitor A mouse

is

a tiny processor on a single chip used in microcomputer. data storage system created by man. a computer screen. a computer used for home and personal use. a part of a computer which store information. a set of instructions composed for solving given problems by computer. a small scale computer using a single microprocessor chip in its architecture. a part of a computer which allows the user to communicate with the computer. a set of keys that operate a computer. small device moved by hand to control the movement of the cursor on a computer screen. a heart of a microcomputer.

Ex. 9. Say what people can do with the help of the computer. You may use the following expressions:

to take an information or data, to perform a sequence of reasonable operations, to put out information, to store information, to display the answers, to keep records of financial affairs, to do weather forecasting, to process data.

Ex. 10. Read the article and make notes. Then use your notes to help you to speak about the importance of computers. Try to use speech patens: I'm going to say a few words about; in the very beginning I'd like to note; strange as it may seem; it was interesting to learn; it is necessary to mention; as a matter of fact; in conclusion.

Mr. Nash from the company that fits new computers wants to ask some questions.

Mr. Nash: Good morning. Your teacher tells me that you use your computers a lot. What I want to know is, what exactly do you use them for?

SA: Well, I use the computer to print out my compositions because my handwriting's quite untidy.

Mr. Nash: Mm, yes, I see. Any other comments? Yes?

SB: I like using the self-test programmes. They make revising much easier-and my marks have got better!

Mr. Nash: Well, that's certainly good news. Anyone else?

SC: Now that we can use the Internet, I use the computer to talk to people in other countries. I like doing that.

SD: Through the Internet the computer can give you lots of facts about different subjects. It's very useful if we have to write about something we don't know a lot about-and much better than going to the library.

Mr. Nash: Yes, I'm sure.

SE: Um, I've just thought of something else. I use the computer to find out new words- it's quicker than using a dictionary.

Mr. Nash: Well, thank you everyone for your com­ments. I'm glad to see that the computers are obviously helping you with your learning.

Ex. 11. Do you have a PC at home? If not, would you like to? Which of these things do you (or would you like to) use the computer for?

Working on your school projects; learning; using self-test programmes; surfing the Internet; revising for tests and exams; printing something out; playing games; listening to music; watching videos.

Ex. 12. Translate into Ukrainian.

You can also use computers to contact other people around the world in seconds by using the e-mail facility. This means that you don't need to spend time writing letters to companies or organizations if you need information. Computers are great for language learners too. If you have problems learning grammar in class, you can use a grammar programme to study on your own. Or, if you feel embarrassed practicing your pronunciation in class, you can use the computer to help you. In addition to this, you can even use a computer to learn new vocabulary. Furthermore, a computer can be used to produce neat, impressive looking work if you have poor handwriting, and you can even use it to revise for tests or exams while getting an idea of how much you remember at the same time.

Ex. 13. Read he text about the main components of the computer and fill in the chart:

The part	Its function
System unit
Keyboard
Mouse
Monitor

There are many hardware pieces in a computer system. Some are: the system board, power supply, keyboard, mouse, hard drive, monitor and the video card and its drivers.

The large metal box that is the main part of the computer is called the case. The case and its contents (power supply, system board, etc.) is called the system unit. The case has several functions:

• Protects the delicate electronics inside.

• Keeps electromagnetic emissions inside so your TV, cordless phone, and stereo don’t go haywire when you power up the computer.

• Can also hold the monitor.

Don’t remove the case’s cover unless you need to do something inside the unit, and always replace the cover when you are done.

You communicate with your computer with the keyboard. With it, you type instructions and commands for the computer, and information to be processed and stored. Many of the keys on the keyboard are like those on a typewriter; letter keys, punctuation keys, shift keys, tab, and the spacebar. Your keyboard also has many specialized keys.

The mouse works by sliding it around (ball down) on a flat surface. The mouse does not work if you hold it in the air like a remote control! The desktop is fine, but a ready-made mouse pad is the best surface to roll the mouse on. As you glide the mouse, the ball inside moves in the direction of your movement. You will see the arrow on your screen moving in unison. The arrow is called a pointer. To use the mouse, you can click on something, like a button or an icon.

Your computer is not complete without the monitor, a TV-like device that usually sits on top of the computer. The monitor displays text characters and graphics. It allows you to see the results of the work going on inside your system unit.

Ex. 14. Discuss the role of computers in our life. For what purposes can people use the computer? Try to use these speech patterns as often as possible: In my opinion, It seems to me, As far as I remember know, As a matter of fact, I can’t but mention that, It is interesting to (necessary to, important to), As for me I think, It’s common knowledge, To tell the truth I am sure. In addition I’d like to mention, In conclusion I want to say that.

Unit III

Ex. 1. a) Answer these questions.

1. What is a programming language?

2. When do we use programming languages?

3. What is the purpose of programming languages?

4. Has one "universal"computer language been desined?

5. What can you say about new programming languages?

b). Read the article and chose the correct form of the verb, active or passive.

COMMUNICATION WITH COMPUTER

Men use/are used languages in order to communicate with each other. When the man wishes to communicate with the computer he uses in the same way "computer languages". A computer language is a language used by, or in association with, computers. Often, the term uses/is used synonymously with programming language, but in general a computer language doesn't need to be a programming language. A computer language creates/is created wherever there is a need to communicate some information from one entity to another.

A programming language is an artificial language used to write computer programs, which instruct a computer to perform some kind of computation and/or to control the behavior of a computer.

Programming languages differ from natural languages in that natural languages are only used for interaction between people, while programming languages also allow humans to communicate instructions to machines. In some cases, programming languages are used by one program or machine to program another.

A purpose of programming languages is to provide instructions to a computer. Computers do/are done exactly what they tell/are told to do. Although there have been attempts to design one "universal" computer language that serves all purposes, all of them have failed.

One common trend in the development of programming languages has been to add more ability to solve problems using a higher level of abstraction. The earliest programming languages tied/were tied very closely to the hardware of the computer. New programming languages let programmers express ideas that are more removed from simple translation into hardware instructions.

Ex.2. Put questions to get such answers:

1. In order to communicate with each other.

2. Natural languages are only used for interaction between people.

3. Wherever there is a need to communicate some information from one entity to another.

4. To write computer programs.

5. Computers do exactly what they are told to do.

6. No, they haven't. They haven't succeded.

7. New programming languages let programers express ideas that are more removed from simple translation into hardware instructions.

8. Programming languages differ from natural languages.

Ex. 3. Match the English words from Set A with their Ukrainian equivalents from

Set B:

	А		В
	in order to		додати більше можливостей
	in association with		поведінка
	in general		взаємодія між людьми
	from one entity to another		загальна тенденція
	an artificial language		вирішити проблеми
	to differ from		забезпечувати. інструкціями
	the behavior of		виражати ідеї
	interaction between people		більш високий рівень абстракції
	to provide instructions to		бути віддаленим від
	to make attempts to		потерпіти поразку
	a common trend		бути дуже близько пов'язаним
	to add more ability to		слугувати всім цілям
	to solve problems		штучна мова
	to be tied very closely to		робити спроби
	to serve all purposes		взагалі
	to faile		з одного об'єкту на інший
	to express ideas		для того щоб
	a higher level of abstraction		у зв'язку з
	to be removed from		відрізнятися від

Ex. 4. Match the items in the two columns to form phrases then use them to make sentences of your own. Try to use these speech patens as often as possible: In my opinion; To my mind; It seems to me; I consider/think; As far as I remember/know, It’s common knowledge.

	to express		language
	to serve		trend
	to solve		abstraction
	a higher level of		very closely to
	to add more		all purposes
	to be tied		ideas
	a common		problems
	to provide		between people
	for interaction		ability to
	an artificial		instructions to

Ex. 5. Read the information leaflet in ex.1 again, then say a few words about communication with the computer. Try to use these speech patens as often as possible: In my opinion, It seems to me, As far as I remember know, As a matter of fact, I can’t but mention that, It is interesting to (necessary to, important to), As for me I think, It’s common knowledge, To tell the truth I am sure. In addition I’d like to mention, In conclusion I want to say that.

Ex. 6. Read the article and fill in the missing words:

expressions languages operation depending different

LANGUAGES OF A COMPUTER

Computers can deal with different kinds of problebs if they are given the right instructions for what to do. Instructions are first written in one of the high-level languages, ___ on the type of problem to be solved.

There are many different computer ___: BASIC, Pascal, Logo, FORTRAN, COBOL, and others. For every computer to understand one of these languages, it needs a translator for that language.

Why are there different computer languages? The reason for this is that different languages work well for ___ kinds of tasks.

A machine language is the natural instruction set of a computer which bears little resemblance to the algebraic form in which mathematical ___ are normally written. This language makes the ___ of the computer possible. It is known as the binary number system and was originally used to represent and handle numbers only. Nowadays it is used to handle letters and symbols as well.

Ex 7. Match the expressions on the left with the statements on the right:

1.	Computer system	a)	Handling or manipulating data for some purpose.
2.	Data	b)	The electronic and mechanical equipment in a computer system.
3.	Processing	c)	Properly prepared items or pieces of information.
4.	Computer	d)	A step-by-step plan consisting of a sequence of instructions to the computer that is used to solve a specific problem.
5.	Program	e)	A computer and all the machines and programs that are necessary for its operation.
6.	Input	f)	The programs used by a computer system.
7.	Output	g)	Data that are put in the computer so that they can be operated upon.
8.	Printer	h)	An electronic machine or device for processing data.
9.	Hardware	i)	A high-speed device for recording output from a computer.
10.	Software	j)	What is put out by the computer; that is, the results from processing the data when they are made available by the computer.

Ex. 8. Discussion. More and more people begin using computers in their work. Some of them cannot imagine their life without this invention of the 20^th century. Children find computer games very interesting. Are computers one of the greatest or the most dangerous inventions?

Say whether you use a computer in your work or for playing computer games. Do you use your computer in any other way or for any other purposes?

Try to use speech patterns: I'm going to say a few words about; in the very beginning I'd like to note; strange as it may seem; it was interesting to learn; it is necessary to mention; as a matter of fact; in conclusion.

Ex. 9. Read the following arguments. Think of some more.

Computers are one of the greatest inventions	Computers are one of the most dangerous inventions
They save a lot of time. They can do calculations and other things which are not interesting for people to do. They help you to process information. You can learn many things using a computer as a tutor. You can relax playing computer games.	They are dangerous for your health. People waste a lot of time playing computer games. You can lose the results of your work if something goes wrong with the computer. Some people live in a virtual reality not in the real world. Children cannot do the simplest arithmetic sums because they rely on computers.

Module 2

Topics:	" The Internet." " The Pros and Cons of Using the Internet " " The Importance of the Internet to Young People." "What is a Website?"
Grammar:		Revision: Word Order; Types of Questions; Tenses in the Active and Passive Voices; The Articles.

Unit 1

Surf the Net!

Ex.1. a) Listen and mark the statements as T (true) or F (false).

• The Internet was started in 1990._____

• The Internet links computers _____

• To visit a web site, you simply enter the telephone number _____

• The main use of the Internet is to find mistakes _____

• Using the Internet is getting more expensive _____

b) Listen again and correct the false statements.

Ex.2. Read the information leaflet about the Internet, and match the questions (a-f) to the numbered spaces (1-6).

1. What exactly is the Internet?

2. What do I need in order to use the Internet?

3. How do I "surf the net"?

4. That's the same thing as the Web, isn't it?

5. What can I use the Internet for?

6. What is a web site, and how do I visit one?

The Internet:

Frequently Asked Questions

The Internet is without doubt one of the most important inventions in history. It was started in 1968 by the US government, but at first it was used mainly by scientists. Since 1990, when the World Wide Web was created, it has changed the world, and its uses are growing every day.

1 ..

The Internet is a network (several networks, in fact) of millions of computers around the world, connected by phone lines, satellite or cable, so that all the computers on the net can exchange information with each other.

2

Not quite. The Internet links computers, and the World Wide Web is a system, which links the information stored inside these computers.

3

A company or organization stores its information in electronic documents on one of the Internet computers, somewhere in the world. This computer space - the company's web site - has an address, in the same way that every telephone has a number. To visit a web site, you simply enter the address. Your computer is connected to the web site, a document is downloaded, and a page appears on your computer screen.

4

When you visit a web site looking for information, some words on the page may be underlined, showing that there is more information about the subject in another document. If you click on .one of these words, the Web automatically connects your computer to a new document or web site, even if this is stored thousands of kilometers away. You're surfing the net!

5

The main use of the Internet is to find information - for your schoolwork or job, or just to find out more about your hobbies, sports or current events. You can also use the Internet to read newspapers and magazines, play games, plan your holiday or buy things from your favourite shop. E-mail makes it possible to send electronic messages anywhere in the world in seconds, and you can use the Internet to 'chat' with people and make new friends.

6

If you don't already use the Internet, all you need to get started is a computer, a modem and a phone line. Using the Internet is getting cheaper and easier all the time.

Are you ready to surf the net? There's a whole exciting Internet world out there waiting for you!

Ex.3. Fill in a, an or the where necessary.

1. Is learning how to surf ....... net easy?

2. She told me....... very unusual story.

3. Most ....... children today know how to use....... computer.

4. Has Tom ever sent you ....... e-mail message?

5. Do....... Smiths have....... computer?

6. If you want to visit....... web site you have to enter....... address.

7. When was....... Internet invented?

8. I read ....... excellent book last week. ....... book tells .......story of ....... young

girl who was born in ....... China.

Ex. 4. a) Match the words/phrases (1-6) to the definitions (a-f).

1	the Internet	a	moving from one document or web site to another, to find information
2	the Web	b	copying information from a web site to your own computer
3	a web site	c	a network of computers all over the world, joined by phone lines, satellite or cable
4	surfing the net	d	a system linking millions of documents stored on Internet computers around the world
5	e-mail	e	the place on the Internet where a company/organization/etc stores its documents
6	downloading	f	electronic messages sent to someone over the Internet
7	word-processed	g	opportunity to use sth
8	on line	h	computer programs
9	software	i	typed using a computer
10	access to	j	linked to a computer system

b) Make up sentences of your own using the words/phrases from ex. 4.

Ex. 5. In pairs, ask and answer questions about the Internet. Try to use some of the following speech patterns: In my opinion; To my mind; It seems to me; I consider (think); As far as I remember (understand, know).

Ex. 6. a) Fill in the words from the list, then make sentences using the completed phrases.

web, surf, exchange, computer, change, get, electronic(2), enter, current , digital, visit, phone, important

	...................... inventions		to...................... the address
	to ...................... the world		a ...................... screen
	...................... lines		to ...................... the net
	to ...................... information		......................mail
	...................... documents		to ...................... started
	a ...................... site		to ...................... a web site
	...................... messages		...................... events

b). Fill in the correct prepositions, then make sentences using the completed phrases.

	........ doubt;		information ........ sth
	exchange information........ each other;		to click ........ sth
	........ the world;		waiting ........ sb
	appear ........ the screen;		stored ........ a computer
	........ the page;		find out ........ sth

Ex. 7. Use the words/ phrases below to make sentences. Try to use these speech patterns whenever possible: In my opinion; To my mind; It seems to me; I consider/think; As far as I remember/know, It’s common knowledge:

surf the net, e-mail address, exist, 'chat' friends, join a newsgroup, visit a web site, download a document, save time, in search of, current events, without doubt, can be solved.

Ex. 8. Answer the following questions. Try to use some of the following speech patterns: In my opinion; To my mind; It seems to me; I consider (think); As far as I remember (understand, know).

1. Do you use the Internet?

2. If not, would you like to?

3. Which of these things do you (or would you like to) use the Internet for?

(finding information, playing games, joining special internet chat groups, on-line shopping, sending e-mail, joining newsgroups, printing something from the net.) Add other activities to the list.

4. Which of the items interested you most. Why?

5. Which of the items are less interesting to you. Why?

6. Which have you done?

7. Do you enjoy using the Internet?

8. Do you find it useful?

Ex. 9. How do you print something from the net?

a). Put the instructions in the correct order.

1. .... Wait for the document to be downloaded and the page to appear on your screen.

2. .... Decide which part of the document you want to copy.

3. .... Click on the print symbol to print your selection.

4. .... Enter the address of the web site.

5. .... Wait for your computer to be connected to the web site.

b). Now explain to your partner how to print something from the net.

Ex. 10. a) Match the items in the two columns to form phrases, then make sentences using the completed phrases. Try to use these speech patterns as often as possible: In my opinion; To my mind; It seems to me; I consider/think; As far as I remember/know, It’s common knowledge.

	current		screen			download		sites
	World Wide		the net			web		Web
	e-mail		events			computer		message
	surfing		games			playing		information

b) Read the on-line dialogues and fill in the phrases from above. There are two phrases that you do not need.

-Wolf : Are you there, Gail?

-Gail : Hi Wolf - yes I'm here - did you get my ..................... ?

-Wolf : Yeah, I got it just now. Sorry I didn't have the chance to check my mail earlier - I was too busy ..................... .

-Gail : Did you find any good .....................?

-Wolf : Well, I found a great site called Music Mania. You can .....................on all the best groups. You can even download songs and video clips!

=====

-Flyer : Are you on-line, Aries?

-Aries : Hi Flyer - what have you been doing ?

-Flyer : I've been catching up on ..................... on the net. What about you?

-Aries - I've been doing boring housework. My ..................... was really dirty. At least I can see what you' re saying now!

-Flyer : Yuck! Housework! Surfing the net is much more fun, isn't it?

Ex. 11. Fill in the correct question tag.

1. At first the Internet was mainly used by scientists, ..............?

2. You don't need a CD to send e-mail, .............. ?

3. They've already got a web site, .............. ?

4. I can pay for my ticket through the net, .............. ?

5. Surfing the net for information is so exciting, .............. ?

6. She won't download all those documents, .............. ?

7. Bob likes sending e-mail to his friends, .............. ?

8. That isn't a computer virus, .............. ?

9. Yesterday Ann found a very interesting "chat group" ..............?

Ex. 12. Read the interview and use the prompts below to write questions with question tags.

- you/spend/a lot of your free time watching videos - you/have got/a lot of fans - your/fan-club web site/be/one of the most visited web sites on the net - you/not like/playing computer games - you/get engaged to/the singer Dee Brown last month

Laura: I'd like to welcome Chris Newton to the studio this morning. Your fans want to know all about what you do in your free time.

- Laura: 1) ... You spend a lot of your free time watching videos, don't you?

- Chris: Yes, I do. I prefer the cinema but I get followed by fans everywhere I go now. - Laura: 2)....

- Chris: Yes, I have. Sometimes I can't believe how much mail I get!

- Laura: 3)....

- Chris: Yes, it is. I love reading e-mail from my fans,

- Laura: 4)....

- Chris: No, that's not true. I love playing computer I games. It's great fun.

- Laura: 5)....

- Chris: I'm sorry. I don't want to talk about Dee. That's private.

- Laura: Oh, okay. Well, thanks for coming into the studio to talk to us. Now, let's hear your latest song.

Ex. 13. Use the notes below to talk about the Internet. (You can read the information leaflet in ex. 2 again). Try to use these speech patterns as often as possible: In my opinion, It seems to me, As far as I remember know, As a matter of fact, I can’t but mention that, It is interesting to (necessary to, important to), As for me I think, It’s common knowledge, To tell the truth I am sure. In addition I’d like to mention, In conclusion I want to say that.

Internet =	network of computers around the world
You need:	computer, modem and phone line
To surf the net, you:	enter a web site address, connected to the web site, download document, a page appears on screen, click on underlined words, connected to new documents/web sites
You can use it to:	find information for schoolwork /job/ hobbies /sports /current events, make revising using the self-test programmes, play games, plan holidays, read newspaper s/magazines, send electronic messages (e-mail), 'chat' with people, make new friends, join special internet chat groups, buy things...

Unit II

Ex. 1. a) Read the article and fill in the gaps with words and phrases from the list: but, Finally, Firstly, For example, However, In conclusion, Also, What is more, On the other hand.

The Pros and Cons of Using the Internet.

1. Advertisements for the Internet promise you a world of information, entertainment, on-line shopping and e-mail services. (1)______, the real world of the Internet may not be as perfect as the advertisements suggest.

2. Using the Internet offers many advantages. (2) ______, all of the latest information is available to you, in your home, at any hour of the day or night. It is much faster and easier to surf the net in search of information from all over the world than to travel to libraries in dozens of countries. (3) ______, on-line shopping makes it possible to search through catalogues to find exactly what you want at the best price, saving both time and money. By joining a newsgroup or chat group, you can share your hobbies and special interests, and perhaps make friends all over the world. (4) ______, e-mail is popular because it is faster than sending a letter and cheaper than a telephone conversation.

3. (5) ______ ______ ______ ______, the Internet has several disadvantages. (6) ______, with so much information available, finding what you want can take you hours. Multimedia web pages with photographs, music and video are attractive, (7) ______ they make downloading slow and boring. (8) ______ ______ ______, there is too much advertising instead of real information. As for Internet friendships, sitting at home in front of a computer making 'chat friends' is not the same as actually meeting people.

4. (9) ______ ______, the Internet obviously has both good and bad points. Fortunately, the system is improving all the time, and any problems which still exist can be solved. Whether we like it or not, the Internet is here to stay, so we have to make the best possible use of it.

Ex. 2. Read the article again and answer the questions.

1. Which paragraph is about the advantages of using the Internet?

2. Which paragraph is about the disadvantages of using the Internet?

3. In which paragraph does the writer sum up the pros and cons? How does this paragraph start?

4. Which paragraph introduces the topic?

5. Is the article for or against using the Internet?

Ex. 3. Complete the text with the words and phrases below. Use each one once.

World Wide Web; interactive; chatlines; on the web; multimedia; Information Technology; surf; Web site.

More and more people are learning about ^a..........at school. Children learn about the ^b.......... and how they can use it to find out information. Some classes even include time spent ^c..........as the children ^d..........the Internet to get information for a project. Later on at work, they will probably find that their company has a ^e..........which their customers can use to find out up-to-date information about the company's activities. Or they may learn to use other forms of ^r.........., for example video conferencing facilities or ^g.......... where they can ask other people questions via a computer. So there is no doubt that IT is here to stay and that people will be able to use multimedia for ^h..........communication with other people on an international basis.

Ex. 4. Read the list of points about the Internet and mark them A (advantage) or D (disadvantage). Then, act out short dialogues in pairs, as in the example. Try to use these speech patterns whenever possible: In my opinion; To my mind; It seems to me; I consider/think; As far as I remember/know, It’s common knowledge.

____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

1. Web pages with photographs, music and video make downloading slow and boring. 2. The latest information is available to you at any time, quickly and easily. 3. On-line shopping can save you time and money. 4. With so much information, finding what you want can take hours. 5. You can share your hobbies and special interests with newsgroups and chat groups. 6. There is too much advertising instead of real information. 7. You can make new friends in chat groups (even in faraway places). 8. Making 'chat friends' is not the same as actually meeting people. 9. You can send mail fast and cheaply. 10.You can use the Internet for learning. 11.You can meet people from all over the world. 12. You can ask other people questions via a computer.

- SA: One of the disadvantages of using the Internet is that web pages with photographs, music and video make downloading slow and boring.

- SB: I agree, but on the other hand, the latest information is available to you at any lime, quickly and easily.

Ex. 5. A survey on the importance of the Internet to young people has been carried out recently in Great Britain. Which three Internet activities do you think are most popular with teenagers?

1. visiting a chat room

2. research for school homework

3. visiting sports sites

4. visiting film sites

5. buying clothes

6. buying CDs

7. reading the news

Ex. 6. Read the report and check your answers then choose an appropriate heading for each part of the report.

1. Conclusions.

2. Why do young people use the Internet?

3. Where do young people access the Internet?