Module 1

Topics:	"The History of Computer." " Computers in our Life." "Communication with the Computer." "Programming Languages."
Grammar:		Revision: Word Order; Types of Questions; Tenses in the Active and Passive Voices; The Articles.

Unit I

FROM THE HISTORY OF COMPUTER

Ex.1. Answer the questions:

What is a computer?

What does the word computer mean?

Do you have a computer?

Do you know when the first computer was designed?

What was the most amazing achievement of the XX century?

When was the first electronic digital computer constructed in our country?

Where are computers used nowadays?

Ex.2. Read the article and fill in the missing sentences, then explain words in bold:

AN EDUCATED MAN AND COMPUTER

The educated man of 200 years ago did not need to know anything about science. The educated man of 25 -30 years ago did not need to know anything about computers. But the educated man of today needs to have some significant knowledge of science and a little significant knowledge about computers.

1_____It is a date storage system created by man. A human tells the machine what to do, when to do it and how it should be done.

The word computer comes from a Latin word which means to count. Nearly one hundred and fifty years ago there were no such things as computers. 2_____

In 1833 an English inventor and mathematician Charles Babbage, professor of Cambridge University designed the first computer. Lord Byron's daughter had composed the mathematical programme for his machine.

The first programmer computer, which operated successfully, was built in 1939 by H. H. Aiken, professor of Harvard University.

In our country the first electronic digital computer MACM was constructed by the Ukrainian Academician S. O. Lebedev in 1950. Such computers as BESM, Minsk, Ural, Razdan-3, M-20, M-220, Nairi-3, Strela, Dniepr were created in our country.

Nowadays computers greatly increase man's thinking capabilities of planning, analyzing, computing and controlling. 3_____They penetrate almost into all spheres of our modern society, from nuclear energy production and missile design to the processing of bank checks, weather forecasting, manufacturing, research and medical diagnoses.

There are three kinds of computers: digital, analogue and hybrid. 4_____A digital computer computes by using numbers or digits. A hybrid computer is a machine, which combines some of the properties of digital, and analogue computers.

5____The significance of it can be compared with the invention of the steam engine and the utilization of atomic energy.

1. Invention of electronic computers is one of the greatest achievements of mankind.

2. Hundreds of computers are already in daily use.

3. Knotted ropes, marks in clay, the abacus are all methods of keeping track of numbers.

4. An analogue computer computes by using physical analogue of numerical measurements.

5. The computer is no doubt the most amazing achievement of mankind.

Ex. 3. Put questions to get such answers:

1. It is a date storage system created by man.

2. There are three kinds of computers: digital, analogue and hybrid.

3. Charles Babbage designed the first computer in 1833.

4. A digital computer computes by using numbers or digits.

5. A human tells the machine what to do, when to do it and how it should be done.

6. There are three kinds of computers: digital, analogue and hybrid.

Ex. 4. Match the English words from Set A with their Ukrainian equivalents

from Set B:

Set A		Set B
	abacus		обробляти, опрацьовувати
	software		записувати
	digit		обчислювати
	key		порівнювати
	hardware		показувати
	storage		виконувати
	to store		рахувати
	to compute		обчислювати
	to count		вихід
	to perform		вхід; введення
	to display		пам'ять; зберігання даних
	output		запам'ятовувати; з6epiraти
	input		програмне забезпечення
	to compare		апаратне забезпечення
	to calculate		кнопка, клавіша; ключ
	to record		цифра, число
	to process		рахівниця
	to carry out		виконувати
	to download		загрузити

Ex.5. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:

1. The abacus has so remote origins that they cannot be dated. 2. These digits are easily multiplied. 3. This ordinary adding machine has ten keys for each column of digits. 4. The part of the computer that takes in information is called the input unit. 5. The part of a computer that puts out information is called the output unit. 6. A digital computer is a machine that computes by using digits or numbers. 7. The word computer comes from a Latin word which means to count. 8. To download means to transfer data from a large storage system to a smaller one. 9. I'll show you how to calculate by using a computer. 10. The instructions are recorded in the order in which they are to be carried out.

Ex.6. Learn the following word-combinations and then use them to make sentences of your own:

in daily use to do useful work to process data to save a lot of money to do a lot of operations to plug instruction fast and accurately to do weather forecasting to keep records of financial affairs low level languages a set of instructions a software programmer

у щоденному вжитку виконувати корисну роботу обробляти дані економити багато грошей виконувати багато операцій ввести команду швидко i точно зробити прогноз погоди вести облік фінансових справ мови низького рівня низка вказівок nporpaміст

Ex. 7. Fill in the blanks with the necessary words:

1. The store ... a numerical quantities and data which are to be processed. (concludes, consists of, contains). 2. The arithmetic unit normally ... the operation of addi­tion, subtraction, multiplication and division and certain other special operations. (carries out, performs, carry). 3. The input and output devices are to supply information and to ... it from the computer. (obtain, receive, get). 4. Computers are a million times ... than humans in performing computing operation. (quicker, faster, rapid). 5. The number of electronic computers used in any given field of human activity is sometimes believed to ... the degree of its modernity. (show, testify, indicate).

Ex. 8. Make up sentences using the table:

Computer

is was

a machine which performs sequence of oper­ations. a universal information processing machine. the most amazing achievement. now widely used in many fields. a million times faster than humans. used in chemical plants, power stations. a data storage system created by man. built in 1939 by H. H. Aiken. constructed by the Ukrainian Academician S. O. Lebedev in 1950.

Ex. 9. Fill in the correct words from the list:

processing, information, thinking capabilities, achievement, relations, displays, instructions programs, perform, the computer, stores.

1. The hardware inside the machine expresses arithmetical and logical..... . 2. A computing machine can take in and store..... . 3. The part of a computer which..... information is called storage or memory. 4. Computer is the most amazing..... . 5. After performing calculations a computer ..... a result. 6. Hardware is useless without software which is computer..... .7. The input and output devices are to supply information and to obtain it from ... .8. The basic job of computers is the..... of information. 9. The computer can..... different kinds of operations.10. Nowadays computers greatly increase man's..... .

Ex. 10. Put the words in the right order to make sentences:

1. The, not, anything, did, about, of, to, years, science, man, ago, need, educated, 200, know? 2. A, which, operations, of, computer, sequence, machine, performs. 3. Country, in, S.O.Lebedev, first, constructed, Ukrainian, computer, was, Academician, the, by, when, our? 4. Are, many, in, used, now, fields, widely, computers. 5. Hundreds, daily, are, of, in, already, use, computers.

Ex. 11. Read the article again and make notes. Then use your notes to help you to speak about the history of computer. Try to use speech patterns: I'm going to say a few words about; in the very beginning I'd like to note; strange as it may seem; it was interesting to learn; it is necessary to mention; as a matter of fact; in conclusion.

Unit II

COMPUTERS IN OUR LIFE.

Ex. 1. Answer the questions. Try to use these speech patterns: In my opinion; To my mind; It seems to me; I consider (think); As far as I remember (understand, know).

1. When was the first computer invented?

2. What does the word computer come from?

3. What was the most amazing achievement of mankind?

4. What spheres of modern society do computers penetrate into?

5. Are computers important in our life?

Ex. 2. Read the text and answer the questions:

1. How does a computer make office life easier?

2. Who decides what sort of equipment to install?

3. What are the advantages of using ready-made programs?