- •Public Policy Analysis
- •IMpa Grands exercices de cours
- •1. Introduction 99
- •The Analysis of China’s Policy of Importing Solid Waste Zhanyu Li
- •1. Introduction 99
- •1. Introduction 99
- •8. Conclusion 129
- •Introduction
- •1.1 The choice of policies and countries
- •1.2 Short history of China’s policy of waste importation
- •1.3 Short history of Germany’s policy of waste importation
- •The Political Definition of the Problem
- •2.1 China’s political definition of the problem
- •Intervention hypothesis
- •2.2 Germany’s political definition of the problem
- •Intervention Hypothesis
- •2.3 Comparative studies
- •3.1 Five constituent elements of the pap of China’s policy of waste importation
- •3.2 Five constituent elements of the pap of Germany’s policy of waste importation
- •3.3 Comparative studies
- •China’s paAs
- •The paa of licensing the domestic consignees
- •4.2 Germany’s paAs
- •4.3 Comparative studies
- •5.1 China’s aPs
- •5.2 Germany’s aPs
- •5.3 Comparative studies
- •The outputs
- •6.1 China’s output of licensing enterprises using solid waste
- •6.2 Germany’s output of written consent of shipment of waste
- •6.3 Comparative studies
- •Evaluative Statements
- •7.1 Evaluating China’s output of licensing solid waste
- •7.2 Evaluating Germany’s output of consent
- •7.3. Comparative Studies
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •The Analysis of China’s Policy
- •Of Importing Solid Waste
- •Zhanyu Li
- •Abstract
- •Research Background
- •1.1 The definition of solid waste
- •1.2. The double-edged solid waste
- •1.3. The global waste trade
- •1.4. International conventions and agreements
- •Research Rationale
- •Literature Review and Conceptual Framework
- •3.1 The literatures on solid waste
- •3.2. The literatures on China’s import of solid waste
- •3.3. Conceptual framework
- •Research questions
- •Data Collection and Methodology
- •The overall description of solid waste imported by China
- •The driving force behind China's import of solid waste
- •7.1 The imported solid waste can mitigate the domestic lack of resources.
- •7.2. The cheap labour resources in China
- •7.3. The needs arising from certain industries
- •7.4. The underdeveloped domestic collecting system
- •7.5. Low shipping costs
- •The challenges facing Chinese public authorities
- •8.1. The transferring, renting and faking of import license.
- •8.2. The waste trafficking
- •8.3. The lack of public awareness of significance of imported solid waste
- •8.4. The inadequacy of technologies, personnel and other public resources
- •8.5. The secondary environmental pollution caused by inappropriate use of
- •Imported solid waste
- •The evolution of Chinese policies of importing solid waste
- •The current regimes of regulating import of solid waste
- •10.1. The competent authorities
- •10.2. The legal framework
- •Political agenda setting
- •Policy Programming
- •12.1. Political-administrative programs
- •12.2. Political-administrative arrangements
- •12.3. The actors' games at the stage of policy programming – the example of China's Association of Plastics Processing Industry
- •Policy implementation
- •13.1. Action plans
- •13.2. The operational analysis of aPs of enclosed management zone
- •Implementation acts (outputs)
- •14.1. Operational analysis of implementation acts
- •14.2. The Game of Policy Actors at the Stage of Policy Implementation- The example of the implementation of policy of imported solid waste at Luqiao District of Taizhou City.
- •Evaluating policy effects
- •15.1. The dimensions of evaluating the policy of import of solid waste
- •15.2. Data collections
- •15.3. Other independent variants
- •Appendix I
- •References
- •Introduction
- •Causal Model
- •2.3 Comparative discussions
- •Causal hypothesis
- •Political-administrative Program (pap)
- •Mainland China
- •3.1.1 Concrete objectives
- •3.1.2 Evaluative elements
- •3.1.3 Operational elements
- •3.1.4 Paa and resources
- •3.1.5 Procedural elements
- •Hong Kong
- •3.2.1 Concrete objectives
- •3.2.2 Evaluative elements
- •3.2.3 Operational elements
- •3.2.4 Paa and resources
- •3.2.5 Procedural elements
- •3.3 Comparisons between Mainland China and Hong Kong
- •Political-administrative Arrangement (paa)
- •4.1 Mainland China
- •4.2 Hong Kong
- •4.3 Comparisons between Mainland China and Hong Kong
- •Action plan (ap)
- •5.1 Mainland China
- •5.3 Comparisons between Mainland China and Hong Kong
- •Outputs
- •Mainland China (Beijing)
- •6.1.1 Output one: Restrictions on the last digit of vehicle plate numbers
- •6.1.2 Output two: Lottery systems for new car plates
- •Hong Kong
- •6.2.1 Output one: Improvement of the interchange between private and public transport modes.
- •6.2.2 Output two: Use of Alternative Fuel Vehicles to replace Diesel Vehicles
- •6.3 Comparisons between Mainland China and Hong Kong
- •6.3.1. Strategies
- •6.3.2. Six dimensions of the analysis of the outputs
- •Evaluative statement
- •7.1 The evaluative statement in Beijing
- •7.2 The evaluative statement in Hong Kong
- •7.3 Comparative discussion
- •Conclusion
- •References
13.2. The operational analysis of aPs of enclosed management zone
Explicit APs
In 2004, the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued The Draft Suggestions on Constructing Enclosed Management Zone of Waste Machinery Products for consideration.99 In these documents, the public authorities state clearly the background, purpose and detailed measures of the AP. In 2005, the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued The Environmental Standards of Enclosed Management Zone of Waste Machinery Products.100
The formal official documents mentioned above demonstrate that the APs of the enclosed management zone are very explicit and formal APs.
Open APs
Before the Ministry of The Draft Suggestions on Constructing Enclosed Management Zone of Waste Machinery Products for Consideration in 2004, it had been opened to all social groups for consideration. For example, one of the target groups, The Association of Industries in Colored Metals participated in the planning of APs.101 It can be proposed that APs are open.
Discriminatory APs
As stated clearly in Article 18 of Measures on Administration of Import of Solid Waste, "enclosed management" of imported waste shall meet the requirements of laws, regulations and national standards. The construction standards and requirements for "Enclosed management" zones for imported waste shall be developed by the competent department of environmental protection administration of the State Council and competent department of environmental protection administration of the State Council and competent department of commerce administration of the State Council, department of economic comprehensive macro-control of the State Council, General Administration of Customs and department of quality supervision inspection and quarantine of the State Council. Therefore, the borders of geographical areas designated as priority areas, that is, the borders of enclosed management zone are quite clear and stable. It can be said that APs are quite discriminatory.
Due to the analysis above, it can be concluded that the APs of enclosed management zone are explicit, open, and discriminatory.
Implementation acts (outputs)
The formal implemental acts (outputs) of a policy are defined as the set of end products of the political-administrative processes which, as part of the scope of its implementation, are individually aimed at the members of the affected groups by the administration and the other (private and para-state) bodies responsible for the execution of public tasks. These products comprise all kinds of decisions or administrative acts (for example, conditional authorizations, individual bans, and approvals), the granting of financial resources (for example, subsidies, and fiscal exonerations), acts involving the collection of money (for example, indirect taxes, levies, fines), police intervention, direct services (for example, health checks, financial checks, training or treatment services), advisory activities and organizational measures.
There are a series of outputs in China's policy of importing solid waste: registration certifying of foreign suppliers, registration certifying of domestic consignees, licensing of the enterprises using solid waste, pre-shipment inspection, quality inspection and quarantine upon arrival, supervisory monitoring of the enterprises that use solid waste, the compulsory clean-up order as well as the imposition of fines. Here one output, that is, licensing enterprises using solid waste, will be focused on.