11. Вивчіть нові слова та прочитайте текст.

TEXT B: AGRICULTURE

Words and words combinations:

1. to provide [pra´vaid] забезпечувати

2. activity [æk´tiviti] діяльність

3. to use [ju:s] використовувати

4. clothing [´klǝuðiŋ] одяг

5. necessary [´nesǝs(ǝ)ri] необхідний

6. to mean [mi:n] означати, значити

7. field [fi:ld] поле

8. cultivation 8. cultivation [,kΛlti´veiʃ(ǝ)n] обробіток (грунту)

9. growing [´grǝuiŋ] вирощування

10. meaning [´mi:niŋ] значення слова

11. to breed [bri:d] розводити (худобу)

12. branch [bra:ntʃ] галузь

13. developed [di´velǝpt] розвинений

14. soil [soil] грунт

15. yield [ji:ld] врожай

16. crop [krop] с.-г.культура

17. fertile [´fǝ:tail] родючий, багатий

18. enough [i´nΛf] достатьня кількість

19. heat [hi:t] тепло

20. to dig [dig] копати

21. to plough [plau] орати

22. to loosen [´lu:s(ǝ)n] розпушувати

23. to weed [wi:d] полоти, знищувати бур´ян

24. to apply [ǝ´plai] застосовувати, вносити

25. fertilizers [´fǝ:tilaizǝ] добрива

26. sufficient [s(ǝ)´fiʃ(ǝ)nt] достатній

27. increase [in´kri:s] збільшення, зростання

28. application [,æpli´keiʃ(ǝ)n] застосування, використання

29. extensive [ek´stensiv] широкий

30. needs [ni:dz] потребує

31. trained [treind] навчений, вивчений

32. skilled [skild] кваліфікований

33. greenhouse [´gri:nhaus] теплиця

farm animals сільськогосподарські тварини

crop growing рослинництво

animal breeding тваринництво

plant food поживні речовини рослин

soil fertility родючість грунту

food plants їстівні рослини

arable land орна земля

soil scientists вчені-грунтознавці

TEXT B: AGRICULTURE

Agriculture is an important sector of economy. It provides people with different kinds of food.

Agriculture is an activity of people when they use land to produce food, clothing and other necessary materials. Ager is a Latin word. It means a field. So, agriculture means the cultivation of fields and growing crops.

This is the old meaning of this word. Now people do not only grow crops. They also breed farm animals. That is why there are two main branches of agriculture: crop growing and animal breeding.

We do not know when people began to grow crops. It was many thousand years ago. Now crop growing is a highly developed branch of agriculture.

The soil is the basis of agriculture. All plants grow in the soil. If we want to have high yields of crops we must have a fertile soil. All crops grow well in a good soil. They cannot grow well if the soil is poor, if there is not enough water, plant food, heat and air. People must dig or plough the soil and loosen it. They must water the plants, weed the fields, apply fertilizers. Soil fertility is very important for agricultural crops.

People can grow enough food for them if there is sufficient good soil for crops. There are two ways to grow enough food plants. They are: the increase in area of arable land and the intensification of agricultural production in the areas already used for cropping. At present the second way is more important.

Intensification is based on full mechanization, high application of fertilizers and extensive use of herbicides.

Agriculture is a very important part of our economy. It needs trained skilled specialist to work in the fields, gardens, forests, parks and greenhouses: agronomists, soil scientists, forestry specialists, plant pathologists, geneticists and many others.