7. Виберіть потрібну форму:

1. He has not (some, any) sisters.

2. (some, any) students came from Lviv.

3. I know (some, any) English songs.

4. Are there (some, any) new programs in your computer?

5. (somebody, something) asked him about his college.

6. Is there (something, anything) on the wall?

7. Is there (somebody, anybody) in the reading-room?

8. Який займенник треба вжити в реченнях? Перекладіть речення:

1. У них є … родичі в Борисполі.

2. У бібліотеці є … книжки з біології?

3. Хтось може мені допомогти?

4. Я хочу послухати … англійські пісні.

5. Він попросив … йому допомогти.

6. У чашці є … молоко.

9. Дайте повні відповіді на питання, вживаючи неозначені займенники у потрібній формі:

1. Do the students study any new subjects?

2. Is anybody in the hostel now?

3. Must you learn any word?

4. Has he any interesting books on history?

5. Is anything new in your life?

6. Do you want any apples?

7. Is there anything interesting in this book?

8. Do you see anybody near the door?

10. Прочитайте і перекладіть прислів’я та наведіть їх відповідники українською мовою:

1. Everything comes to him whom who waits.

2. Be slow to promise and quick to perform.

3. Better late than never.

11. Вивчіть нові слова та прочитайте текст:

TEXT B: Land Economics

words and words combinations:

the latter – останній

moist – вологий

to affect – піддавати впливу

effect – ефект, зміна

net effect – кінцевий результат

sustainable – стійкий, життєздатний

sustainable economic growth – сталий економічний зріст

sustainable sericulture – екологічно раціональне с/г

sustainable use of natural resources – раціональне використання природних ресурсів

TEXT B: Land Economics

The land area of Ukraine is 60.4 million hectares. Predominantly reach fertile soils and favorable climatic conditions have ensured a very high degree of economic development in 92% of the territory. The are of agriculture developed lands exceeds 70% and this index is one of the highest in the world. The same applies to the arable land area (56%).

Due to a shortage in reserves of vacant land, the allocation of agricultural lands for production facilities continue. For this reason the overall loss of farmlands in the last 30 years has exceeded two million hectares.

The problems of rational utilization, protection from contamination, increasing productivity and the improvement of physic-chemical properties in soils is becoming more and more acute in Ukraine. The exhausting use of lands and the large-scale application of high-power agricultural machinery have had an adverse effect on the mechanical structure of soil, reducing humus content and soil fertility.

The condition of agricultural land has deteriorated due to the low quality of land reclamation works.

On special concern is the contamination of agricultural lands with chemical compounds, technogenous materials, etc. This is the reason for the accumulation in soils of great amounts of toxic substances, which have a negative effect on the quality of plant growth and livestock farming.

I. Fill the gaps in the sentences:

1. The system brings both financial and environmental benefits, _______________ being especially welcome.

2. _______________ of this policy was even worse inflation.

3. Make sure the soil is _____________ before planting the seeds.

4. How will the tax ________________________ people on low incomes?

5. Inflation is having a disastrous _________________ on the economy.

6. The __________________________ development of agriculture can be achieved on the basis of the theory of ecologically optimal bioproductivity.

II. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following phrases:

1. to deal with the efficiency of the use of land –

2. to depend on land –

3. to keep up the productivity of soil –

4. to vary from one region to another –

5. to destroy to some extent –

6. to remove the essential food elements –

7. to expose soil to the effects of erosion –

8. to lower productive value –

9. to include measures –

10. to apply proper tillage methods –

11. to affect yields –

12. to be affected by many factors –

13. to be adapted to the climatic conditions –

14. to increase yields –

15. to improve the soil –

III. Match the words with their definitions:

1. essential, b) value, c) fertilizer, d) efficiency, e) crop rotation

1. importance, usefulness - ________________________________

2. a substance that is put on the land to make crops grow - _________________________

3. the quality of doing something well and effectively - __________________________

4. extremely important and necessary - __________________________

5. the practice of regularly changing the crops grown on a piece of land _______________________________

IV. Find in the text English equivalents to the following phrases:

1. сприятливі фізичні умови;

2. високий ступінь економічного розвитку;

3. захист від забруднення;

4. поліпшення фізико-хімічних властивостей ґрунту;

5. найвищий показник;

6. загальна втрата угідь;

7. скорочення резервів;

8. потужна с/г техніка;

9. несприятливий (шкідливий) ефект;

10. виснажливе використання земель;

11. родючість ґрунту;

12. меліоративні роботи;

13. накопичення отруйних речовин;

14. рослинництво та тваринництво.

V. Read the text and answer the question:

- According to the theory of economically optimal bioproductivity what practical steps can be applied for the sustainable development of agriculture?

The sustainable development of agriculture can only be achieved on the basis of the theory of ecologically optimal bioproductivity, and on the basis of its practical application.

Firstly, the optimization of crop cultures is based on the criteria that predicted ecological losses from the pollution of the environmental permit the redistribution of the subsides which ensure stable profits in agricultural regions.

Secondly, the natural biochemical cycles of various elements permit the selection of the most optimal regions for growing a particular type of crop.

Thirdly, agricultural production on the basis of the parameters of ecologically optimal bioproductivity, which combines ecologically required yield with a minimization of negative ecological effects, preserves soil as the main natural resource of agrolandscapes.

Time for fun

The Answers Have Changed

When David Williams left the university, he went to Australia. When he returned to England for a visit twenty years later, he decided to go back to his old university. David was delighted to discover that his old professor was still teaching there. He went to visit the old man, and after some interesting talk, the professor went out to get something. While he was away, David saw an examination paper on the desk. He looked at the date on it and saw that it had been given to the students the week before. David picked the paper up and read it through.

When the professor came back, David told him, “Professor, I’m certain that these are exactly the same questions that you asked us in our examinations twenty years ago! How is that possible?” “Yes, that’s right”, agreed the professor calmly. “The questions are the same, but the answers have changed.”

“Why are you crying?”

“Mummy said I must wait for a tram to go past before I cross the road, and there aren’t any trams in the street.”

Notes: left--залишив; закінчив; was delighted—був радий; to discover—виявити; picked… up-- підняв; exactly—саме; точно; calmly—спокійно.

* * *

Урок 4

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UKRAINE. KYIV

1. Лексична тема: Ukraine. Kyiv.

2. Словотворення. Суфікси прикметників:

-ian, -ent, (-ant).

3. Граматичний матеріал: Минулий неозначений час (Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense). Прийменники. Присвійний відмінок іменників.

4. Текст: “Soil”.

Словотворення

1. Суфікс – ian утворює прикметники зі значенням належності до національності або країни. Ukrainian український, Indian індійський (а також індіанський).

2. Прикметники з суфіксом – ent (- ant) утворюються від дієслів і відповідають іменникам, утворених від дієслів з суфіксами – ence (- ance);

to differ відрізнятися

different різноманітний

difference різниця

Тренувальні вправи