- •Carbohydrate
- •Minerals
- •Water: h2o
- •Mandatory Food Tests
- •Mandatory Activities
- •Investigation of Abiotic Factors (Three Mandatory Activities) Soil pH
- •Improper Trapping Techniques: all evasive species may not be captured and/or insufficient numbers captured in follow up surveying.
- •Mandatory Activities
- •Investigation of Abiotic Factors (Three Mandatory Activities) Soil pH
- •Improper Trapping Techniques: all evasive species may not be captured and/or insufficient numbers captured in follow up surveying.
- •Mandatory Activities
- •Investigation of Abiotic Factors (Three Mandatory Activities) Soil pH
- •Improper Trapping Techniques: all evasive species may not be captured and/or insufficient numbers captured in follow up surveying.
- •Mandatory Activities
- •Investigation of Abiotic Factors (Three Mandatory Activities) Soil pH
- •Improper Trapping Techniques: all evasive species may not be captured and/or insufficient numbers captured in follow up surveying.
- •Cell Structure
- •36 Of the 38 atPs from one molecule of glucose are produced in the mitochondrion.
- •Cell Structure
- •36 Of the 38 atPs from one molecule of glucose are produced in the mitochondrion.
- •Cell Structure
- •36 Of the 38 atPs from one molecule of glucose are produced in the mitochondrion.
- •Active Site Theory
- •Bioprocessing
- •Immobilised enzymes are not free in solution – for example they cam be held in a bead of soft permeable gel or coat the internal surface of a porous solid.
- •Mandatory Activities
- •Investigate the Effect of Heat Denaturation on the Activity of an Enzyme
- •Active Site Theory
- •Bioprocessing
- •Immobilised enzymes are not free in solution – for example they cam be held in a bead of soft permeable gel or coat the internal surface of a porous solid.
- •Mandatory Activities
- •Investigate the Effect of Heat Denaturation on the Activity of an Enzyme
- •Active Site Theory
- •Bioprocessing
- •Immobilised enzymes are not free in solution – for example they cam be held in a bead of soft permeable gel or coat the internal surface of a porous solid.
- •Mandatory Activities
- •Investigate the Effect of Heat Denaturation on the Activity of an Enzyme
- •Photosynthesis
- •In the Dark Stage electrons from chlorophyll, protons from the pool and carbon dioxide react together forming carbohydrate
- •Detailed Description of Photosynthesis
- •In fermentation the glucose is only partially broken down. A lot of energy is still available in ethanol and lactic acid.
- •Aerobic Respiration of Glucose (6c)
- •Bioprocessing With Immobilised Cells
- •Mandatory Activity
- •Insert a ‘fermentation lock’ into each.
- •Osmosis
- •Introduction
- •Isolation of dna from Plant Tissue Textbook Diagram: dna isolation from plant tissue.
- •Vegetative Structure Textbook Diagram: vegetative structure.
- •Vegetative structure is haploid (n).
- •In favourable conditions the zygospore germinates by meiosis.
- •Precautions
- •View the incubated plates through the clear lid - never remove the lid.
- •Functions of Plant Parts
- •Its nucleus also controls the sieve element.
- •Immunity: protection against pathogens — blood clotting; phagocytes, lymphocytes and antibodies distributed in blood.
- •Valves in the veins prevent the backflow of blood so the flow is in one correct direction towards the heart.
- •The Heart
- •The Lymphatic System
- •Mandatory Activities
- •Investigate the effect of exercise on your heart rate
- •Identify the arteries – pulmonary connected to right ventricle, aorta to left ventricle.
- •Plant Growth Regulators
- •Plant Protection Adaptations
- •Mandatory Activity
- •Investigate the Effect of Auxin on Plant Tissue
- •Improved chance of success by reducing competition and overcrowding.
- •Seed Dormancy
- •Seed Germination
- •Stages of Seedling Growth
- •Mandatory Activities
- •Incubate all plates upside down for 3 days at 20°c.
- •Seed Dormancy
- •Seed Germination
- •Stages of Seedling Growth
- •Mandatory Activities
- •Incubate all plates upside down for 3 days at 20°c.
Investigation of Abiotic Factors (Three Mandatory Activities) Soil pH
Air-dry the soil - leave exposed to air until constant mass.
Sprinkle a small pinch of soil onto a white plate.
Add universal indicator solution until soil is quite wet.
Thoroughly mix the soil and the universal indicator.
Press the mixture so some indicator oozes out.
Match the indicator colour to a colour on the pH chart.
The number on the matching colour is the soil pH.
Cowslip and rock rose prefer basic soils. Heather and bilberry prefer acidic soils.
Percentage Soil Water
Using a scales find the mass of an evaporating dish, e.g. 15g.
Find the mass of the dish plus fresh soil, e.g. 55g.
Subtract to calculate the mass of the fresh soil, e.g. 40g.
Dry the soil in an oven at 1008C until constant mass.
Find the mass of the dish plus the dry soil, e.g. 45g.
Mass of Soil Water = (ii) - (v) = 10g.
Calculation: Percentage Soil Water = Mass of Soil Water x 100 Mass of Fresh Soil = 10g x 100 40g
= 25%
The common rush prefers soil with a high percentage of water. Daisies prefer soil of medium water content.
Soil Nitrogen Level
Add 25g of fresh soil to 200cc of salt solution.
Mix thoroughly in a closed bottle.
Filter the soil suspension.
Add four drops of diphenylalamine reagent to one drop of soil filtrate.
Results - Deep Blue: High nitrate content. Pale Blue: Low nitrate content.
Clover is abundant in those areas of low soil nitrate. Grass is abundant in areas of high nitrate level.
Adaptations of Organisms to their Environment
An adaptation is a feature that suits the organism to its environment. Adaptations are solutions to a problem.
Examples of Adaptations (see also competitive, predator and prey adaptations.)
Needle-like mouth parts of aphids tap food from the phloem of the plant.
Ladybird warning colouration: releases toxic fluids to deter predators.
Grass shoot tips are at or below ground: adaptation to survive grazing.
Field mice are nocturnal: predator avoidance.
Collection Methods in Ecological Studies (Mandatory Activity)
Textbook Diagrams of the following:
Small Mammal Trap
Pitfall Trap
Cryptozoic Trap
Pooter
Net: sweep net, insect net, plankton net or fish net.
Tullgren Funnel
Direct search for a particular species is a common practice.
Errors During Fieldwork