- •Carbohydrate
- •Minerals
- •Water: h2o
- •Mandatory Food Tests
- •Mandatory Activities
- •Investigation of Abiotic Factors (Three Mandatory Activities) Soil pH
- •Improper Trapping Techniques: all evasive species may not be captured and/or insufficient numbers captured in follow up surveying.
- •Mandatory Activities
- •Investigation of Abiotic Factors (Three Mandatory Activities) Soil pH
- •Improper Trapping Techniques: all evasive species may not be captured and/or insufficient numbers captured in follow up surveying.
- •Mandatory Activities
- •Investigation of Abiotic Factors (Three Mandatory Activities) Soil pH
- •Improper Trapping Techniques: all evasive species may not be captured and/or insufficient numbers captured in follow up surveying.
- •Mandatory Activities
- •Investigation of Abiotic Factors (Three Mandatory Activities) Soil pH
- •Improper Trapping Techniques: all evasive species may not be captured and/or insufficient numbers captured in follow up surveying.
- •Cell Structure
- •36 Of the 38 atPs from one molecule of glucose are produced in the mitochondrion.
- •Cell Structure
- •36 Of the 38 atPs from one molecule of glucose are produced in the mitochondrion.
- •Cell Structure
- •36 Of the 38 atPs from one molecule of glucose are produced in the mitochondrion.
- •Active Site Theory
- •Bioprocessing
- •Immobilised enzymes are not free in solution – for example they cam be held in a bead of soft permeable gel or coat the internal surface of a porous solid.
- •Mandatory Activities
- •Investigate the Effect of Heat Denaturation on the Activity of an Enzyme
- •Active Site Theory
- •Bioprocessing
- •Immobilised enzymes are not free in solution – for example they cam be held in a bead of soft permeable gel or coat the internal surface of a porous solid.
- •Mandatory Activities
- •Investigate the Effect of Heat Denaturation on the Activity of an Enzyme
- •Active Site Theory
- •Bioprocessing
- •Immobilised enzymes are not free in solution – for example they cam be held in a bead of soft permeable gel or coat the internal surface of a porous solid.
- •Mandatory Activities
- •Investigate the Effect of Heat Denaturation on the Activity of an Enzyme
- •Photosynthesis
- •In the Dark Stage electrons from chlorophyll, protons from the pool and carbon dioxide react together forming carbohydrate
- •Detailed Description of Photosynthesis
- •In fermentation the glucose is only partially broken down. A lot of energy is still available in ethanol and lactic acid.
- •Aerobic Respiration of Glucose (6c)
- •Bioprocessing With Immobilised Cells
- •Mandatory Activity
- •Insert a ‘fermentation lock’ into each.
- •Osmosis
- •Introduction
- •Isolation of dna from Plant Tissue Textbook Diagram: dna isolation from plant tissue.
- •Vegetative Structure Textbook Diagram: vegetative structure.
- •Vegetative structure is haploid (n).
- •In favourable conditions the zygospore germinates by meiosis.
- •Precautions
- •View the incubated plates through the clear lid - never remove the lid.
- •Functions of Plant Parts
- •Its nucleus also controls the sieve element.
- •Immunity: protection against pathogens — blood clotting; phagocytes, lymphocytes and antibodies distributed in blood.
- •Valves in the veins prevent the backflow of blood so the flow is in one correct direction towards the heart.
- •The Heart
- •The Lymphatic System
- •Mandatory Activities
- •Investigate the effect of exercise on your heart rate
- •Identify the arteries – pulmonary connected to right ventricle, aorta to left ventricle.
- •Plant Growth Regulators
- •Plant Protection Adaptations
- •Mandatory Activity
- •Investigate the Effect of Auxin on Plant Tissue
- •Improved chance of success by reducing competition and overcrowding.
- •Seed Dormancy
- •Seed Germination
- •Stages of Seedling Growth
- •Mandatory Activities
- •Incubate all plates upside down for 3 days at 20°c.
- •Seed Dormancy
- •Seed Germination
- •Stages of Seedling Growth
- •Mandatory Activities
- •Incubate all plates upside down for 3 days at 20°c.
Mandatory Activities
Identification Using a Key
The field key below is a dichotomous key. It is a sequence of pairs of statements only one of a pair applies to the organism you to identify.
1 (a) Animal with backbone 2 (b) Animal without backbone 3
2. (a) Covering of feathers 4 (b) Covering of hair 5
3. (a) Tough hard outer body 6 (b) Soft body 7
4. (a) Red feathers covering upper chest - Robin (b) Large black and white - Magpie
5. (a) Dog-like, long bushy tail - Fox (b) Long ears, short white tail - Rabbit.
6. (a) Three pairs of legs - Insect (b) Four pairs of legs - Spider
7. (a) Segmented body - Earthworm (b) Unsegmented - Slug
Identification Steps for Spider: 1(b), 3 (a), 6 (b).
Description of Earthworm from Key: segmented body, soft, no backbone.
Conduct a Quantitative Survey of Plants, e.g., distribution of daisies
Method: Line Transect (x3)
Set a measuring tape straight across the habitat in the direction of change in an influential environmental factor e.g. soil water, pH, and nitrogen content.
On a map of the habitat mark the trace of tape - this is a line transect.
Walk beside the line and indicate, on the map, the position of each daisy plant touched by the line.
Repeat the process twice more from other start positions.
Combine the results to establish the daisy distribution.
Relate the distribution to the variation of the environmental factors.
A map is an appropriate mode for the display of the results.
Conduct a Quantitative Survey of Animals, e.g., fieldmouse population Day 1
Capture field mice using small mammal traps.
Record the number of captured mice e.g. 20.
Mark each with a dab of red paint on the belly surface.
Release each at their capture site.
Allow time for the mice to readjust to normal conditions.
Day 2
Capture field mice as before.
Record the number captured e.g. 18.
Record the number of recaptures (marked mice) e.g. 6.
Return the mice to the habitat at their capture site.
Calculation: Population = Day 1 Captures x Day 2 Captures Number of Recaptures
= 20 x 18 6
= 60 mice
Change in population over a year is best displayed as a graph.
Determining the Frequency of a Plant Species
Method: many random quadrats e.g. 100.
Randomly pick quadrat sites within the habitat.
At each quadrat record the plant species present.
For each species record the number of quadrats is was found in.
This number is its frequency if a hundred quadrats were used.
Frequency is the percentage occurrence of a species with a large sample of randomly chosen quadrats.
Suitable Quadrat Size: 1/4 m2 (0.25 m2 ).
Frequency is displayed clearly as a bar chart.
Determining the Percentage Cover of Sedentary Species
Textbook Diagram: pin-frame
Method: pin-frame.
Set out a straight transect line across the habitat.
Place the pin-frame beside the line at the start.
Push down each pin, to the ground, and record the species touched.
Move the frame to the next half-metre and repeat.
Record the total number of pins used.
For each species record the number of ‘hits’.
Calculation: Percentage Cover = Number of ‘Hits’ x 100
Total Number of Pins
Percentage cover is the proportion of ground screened or occupied by a species.
Percentage cover is distinctly presented as a pie chart or histogram.