- •1. Why do you think this direction is so important for chemistry?
- •2. For what reason is the major part of scientists involved in chemical engineering? Part I chemical engineering
- •Comprehension Aspect
- •Part II research chemists
- •What’s the difference between a chemical engineer and a research chemist?
- •What is so particular about the job of a research chemist?
- •What personal qualities should a person possess in order to become a research chemist?
- •Grammar aspect the participle
- •Absolute participial construction
- •Text b pharmaceutical chemistry
- •1. Why did this direction of chemistry become a separate branch not so long ago compared to other directions?
- •2. What are the future perspectives of pharmaceutical chemistry: will it be beneficial to humanity or not?
- •Comprehension Aspect
- •Test c ecological chemistry
- •1. What in your opinion caused the emergence of a totally new and separate speciality as environmental chemistry?
- •2. Do you think we possess enough theoretical knowledge and a sufficient instrumental basis for the effective functioning of this branch of chemistry?
- •Comprehension Aspect
- •Text d teaching chemistry
- •1. Do you remember your first teacher? What memories do you have of your chemistry teacher/s?
- •2. What is necessary to become a teacher?
- •Comprehension Aspect
- •Unit II pharmaceutical chemistry text a
- •Drug discovery
- •Comprehension Aspect
- •Grammar Aspect the infinitive (revision)
- •I am glad to visit you я рад посетить вас
- •1) Purpose
- •2) Result or consequence
- •Oral and Written Speech Aspect text b pharmaceutical impurities
- •Impurities Associated with apIs.
- •Inorganic Impurities
- •Impurities Related to Formulation
- •Text c aspirin
- •Unit III colloid chemistry text a
- •In what field of chemistry are colloid chemical problems encountered?
- •Solution
- •Comprehension Aspect
- •Grammar aspect complex subject (The Subjective Infinitive Construction)
- •Complex object
- •Oral and Written Speech Aspect text b electrolyte solutions
- •Unit IV nanotechnology
- •What is nanotechnology?
- •Comprehension Aspect
- •Grammar aspect the gerund
- •Tense and Voice Forms of the Gerund
- •Gerundial constructions
- •Verbs Used Only with the Gerund
- •Oral and Written Speech Aspect text b catalysis
- •Green Chemistry
- •Comprehension Aspect
- •Grammar aspect conditional sentences
- •1. Unreal conditionals can be also expressed in the following way:
- •2. Adverbial clauses of condition containing had, were, could, should are introduced without any conjunction to make the sentences more emphatic. In these cases we find inversion:
- •Mixed Conditionals
- •Oral and Written Speech Aspect text b
- •Text c changing the course of chemistry
- •Comprehension Aspeсt
- •Grammar aspect
- •Incineration
- •Part II
- •Text c environmental questions
- •Part II Writing Skills
- •I . Definitions
- •II. Qualities of a Good Abstract
- •III. Two types of abstracts are typically used:
- •Descriptive Abstracts
- •Informative Abstracts
- •IV. Structure of a Typical Abstract
- •V. Things to Avoid
- •VI. Sample Abstracts
- •Part III supplementary reading Chemists of the future
- •History of pharmacy
- •Internet pharmacy
- •Pharmacology
- •Placebo
- •Placebo in history
- •Solubility
- •Solution
- •A review of how nanotechnology relates to
- •Various disciplines
- •Inorganic Chemistry
- •Paved with titanium
- •Coming to a window near you
- •Carbon nanotubes and general electro-op
- •Abstract writing
- •The structure of a technical report
- •Quiz time “At the Chemist’s”
Complex object
OBJECT (Noun or Pronoun in objective case) + INFINITIVE
Study the chart. Pay attention to the use of the Infinitive with or without the particle to.
Complex Object is used:
After the verbs denoting mental activity: to know, to think, to believe, to suppose, to expect, etc. |
My scientific supervisor expects me to take part in the conference.
|
Мой научный руководитель рассчитывает на то, что я приму участие в конференции. |
After the verbs denoting desire, volition, order, request: to want, to order, to ask, to request, to like, etc. |
They want him to come back on Monday. |
Они хотят, чтобы он вернулся в понедельник. |
After the verbs denoting physical perception: to feel, to hear, to watch, to see, to sense + the verbs to make, to let, to have. After these verbs the Infinitive is used without to |
They saw him enter the laboratory. The laboratory assistant watched the student performing a series of tests. |
Они видели, что он вошел в лабораторию. Лаборант наблюдал, как студент проводил серию опытов. |
Note:
When the duration of the action is underlined the–ing form can be used instead of the Infinitive.
Ex. 1. Look through the text SOLUTION and find the sentences with the Objective Infinitive Construction.
Ex. 2. Say a) in which cases the use of the Objective Infinitive Construction is possible; b) in which cases the Infinitive in this Construction must be used without “to”.
1. It is believed … 2. We believe … 3. The scientist found … 4. It can be seen … 5. We see … 6. They want … 7. He made … 8. We felt … 9. The conditions are known … 10. We know… 11. She considers … 12. The rise in temperature causes …
Ex. 3. Read and translate the sentences with the Objective Infinitive Construction. Paraphrase them according to the given Model:
Model: Both physical and chemical evidence show hydrogen chloride to be a covalent compound. Both physical and chemical evidence show that hydrogen chloride is a covalent compound. |
1. Certain facts show acetic acid to be weak. 2. The examination of reverse reactions proves them to be hydrolyses or ionizations. 3. We know Davy to electrolyze the hydroxides of sodium and potassium in 1807. 4. On lowering the temperature of the saturated solution we see crystallization begin. 5. We can see a mixture of gelatine with water pass unchanged through a filter. 6. Microscopic examination shows minute suspended particles of the solute to be present in the mixture.
Ex. 4. Point out the Objective Infinitive Construction. Translate the sentences into Russian:
1. Scientists showed lithium to be made up of two isotopes. 2. We suppose neon to be unable to form stable compounds with other atoms. 3. Since heat is absorbed when nitrogen (II) oxide is formed, one expects the reaction to be more complete at high temperatures. 4. We know the solubility of substances to be very useful and important data. 5. Many substances require energy to be supplied to them before the reaction begins. 6. Because relatively few substances sublime, this property enables them to be separated from others. 7. Decomposition potential of a cupric chloride solution (1.02 volts) causes copper to be plated out at the copper electrode and chlorine to be liberated at the platinum electrode. 8. We saw burning hydrogen produce much heat but little light.