Grammar Aspect the infinitive (revision)

Ex. 1. Study the forms of the Infinitive and remember their meanings.

	Active	Passive
Indefinite (simultaneous with the predicate)	to visit	to be visited
Continuous (in process, simultaneous with the predicate)	to be visiting	-
Perfect (prior to the predicate)	to have visited	to have been visited
Perfect Continuous (in process, prior to the predicate)	to have been visiting	-

I am glad to visit you я рад посетить вас

to have visited you ,что посетил вас

to be visited by you ,что вы посещаете меня

to be visiting you ,что посещаю вас

to have been visited by you ,что вы посетили меня

to have been visiting you ,что посещаю вас уже некоторое время

Ex. 2. Point out the forms of the Infinitive which express the simultaneous or future actions relative to the action expressed by the finite verb.

To establish, to be accompanying, to have accomplished, to have been considered, to substitute, to have discovered, to be emitted, to have been produced, to be determined, to have carried out.

Ex. 3. Change these sentences according to the models. Mind the forms of the Infinitive:

a) Perfect Active

I am happy that I obtained satisfactory results so quickly. –

I am happy to have obtained satisfactory results so quickly. –

1. He is sorry that he has given up the University.

2. I am lucky that I have studied high-level programming languages before.

3. He was sorry that he had lost his chance to get the job.

4. I am glad that I had the opportunity to observe the experiment myself.

5. He was happy that he had improved the design of the device.

6. She is lucky that she has followed this technique in her research work.

7. I am proud that I have made about ten discoveries which play a very important role in chemistry.

b) Passive

I am lucky that I was sent abroad to continue my studies. –

I am lucky to have been sent abroad to continue my studies. –

1. I am glad that I was paid due attention.

2. They are pleased that they were shown a new laboratory of inorganic chemistry.

3. I am happy that I was told about that apparatus.

4. I am lucky that I was informed of the situation.

5. He is sorry that he was interrupted.

6. She was angered that she was not given time to think.

7. I am terribly sorry that I was misunderstood.

8. He was proud that he was offered an interesting job.

9. We were pleased that we were met by him.

Ex. 4. Pay attention to the translation of the sentences below in which the infinitive is used:

a) as a subject

1. To vaporize means to change a solid into a vapor by heating it. 2. It is quite possible to have a solution of a gas in a liquid, or in a solid, or in another gas. 3. To do it accurately was the main problem. 4. To give a true picture of the surrounding matter is the task of natural science.

b) as a predicative

1. Two liquids which mix with the absorption of heat may limit solubility in each other. 2. Our present concern is to analyze the information obtained during the experiment. 3. His problem is to determine equivalent weights. 4. You should remember that the yield in this reaction is good only if it goes to completion.

c) as an object

1) to such verbs as: to agree, to want, to wish, to prefer, to ask, to decide, to intend, to cause, to begin, to try, to attempt, etc.

1. He intended to find out the required element. 2. They decided to use an old apparatus because the new one was out of order. 3. When heated sulphur begins to darken. 4. He claims to be an expert on the subject.

2) to such adjectives as: difficult, sure, important, hard, interesting, sorry, etc.

1. Equations for redox reactions involving complex ions are more difficult to balance. 2. They were ready to use this new invention for peaceful purposes. 3. They are sorry to be late.

d) as an adverbial modifier of