Lesson 6 Types of Drugs

Text: Types of Drugs

Grammar: Ordinal Numerals

I. Active Vocabulary

compound to halt to prevent pill liquid to swallow drops to rub inhaler asthma patch transdermal shot tongue intravenous to release stomach acid to crush to chew suppository rectum to vomit pessary to invade germ strep throat lozenge to sooth nasty measles whooping cough

['kɔmpaund] [hɔːlt] [prɪ'vent] [pɪl] ['lɪkwɪd] ['swɔləu] [drɔps] [rʌb] [ɪn'heɪlə] ['æsθmə] [pæʧ] [trɑːns'dɜːm(ə)l] [ʃɔt] [tʌŋ] [ˌɪntrə'viːnəs] [rɪ'liːs] ['stʌmək] ['æsɪd] [krʌʃ] [ʧuː] [sə'pɔzɪt(ə)rɪ] ['rektəm] ['vɔmɪt] ['pes(ə)rɪ] [ɪn'veɪd] [ʤɜːm] [θrəut] ['lɔzɪnʤ] [suːθ] ['nɑːstɪ] ['miːzlz] ['huːpɪŋˌkɔf]

суміш, сполука зупиняти, затримувати запобігати пілюля, пігулка рідина ковтати краплі терти, втирати інгалятор астма пластир такий, що всмоктується через шкіру укол язик внутрішньовенний вивільняти шлунок кислота подрібнювати, роздавлювати жувати, пережовувати (їжу) свічка, супозиторій пряма кишка блювати вагінальний супозиторій вторгатися, захоплювати, окупувати бактерія, мікроб гострий фарингіт пастилка, льодяник (лікарський) заспокоювати небезпечний, загрозливий кір коклюш (кашлюк)

2. Read and translate the text.

Types of Drugs

Medicines are chemicals or compounds used to cure, halt, or prevent disease; ease symptoms; or help in the diagnosis of certain illnesses. Advances in medications have enabled doctors to cure many diseases and save lives.

When we think about taking medications, we often think of pills. The truth is, there are many ways in which medications can be delivered, such as:

- liquids that are swallowed (like cough syrup);

- drops that are put into ears or eyes;

- creams, gels, or ointments that are rubbed onto the skin;

- inhalers (like nasal sprays or asthma inhalers);

- patches that are stuck to skin (transdermal patches);

- tablets that are placed under the tongue;

- injections (shots) or intravenous (inserted into a vein) medications.

Tablets and capsules can be coated with special materials designed to begin releasing their ingredients once the medicine has passed through the stomach. This helps avoid stomach upset, and protects the drug from the acid in your stomach, which might render the drug useless. Coated tablets and capsules must be swallowed whole, as if you crush or chew these tablets the coating is destroyed and the benefit will be lost.

Tablets and capsules are not the only way of getting medicines into your body. Some medicines are available in suppository form for insertion into the rectum, which is good for people who cannot swallow medicines or when they are vomiting. There are also vaginal preparations (pessary).

When using patches, it is very important not to cut the patch in half as this may cause a breakdown in the release mechanism of the patch.

There are two main types of inhaled devices: those that deliver medicines to the nasal passages (nasal sprays) and those that deliver medicine to the lungs (inhalers).

Medicines act in a variety of ways. Some can cure an illness by killing or halting the spread of invading germs, such as bacteria and viruses. Some medicines treat symptoms but can't cure the illness that causes the symptoms. So taking a lozenge may soothe a sore throat, but it won't kill that nasty strep bacteria. Certain medicines are designed to relieve pain. If you pull a muscle, your doctor might tell you to take some pain relievers, or analgesics, they don't get rid of the source of the pain — your muscle will still be pulled.

Among the most important medicines are immunizations (or vaccines). These keep people from getting sick in the first place by immunizing, or protecting, the body against certain infectious diseases. Most immunizations that prevent you from catching diseases like measles, whooping cough, and chickenpox are given by injection.

Medicines are the most effective treatments available for many illnesses. The benefits of medicine can be achieved only if they are taken accordingly. Drugs are created in various forms to provide convenience to patients. It resulted to reduced medicinal side effects, easier intake of medicines, faster absorption of the drugs and longer effect of the medicine in the body.

Answer the following questions.

1. What are medicines?

2. What types of drugs are available today?

3. Tablets can be coated with special materials to release their ingredients when passing through the stomach, cannot they?

4. Is it advisable to chew capsules before swallowing? Why?

5. Are tablets and capsules the only way of getting medicines into your body?

6. What types of inhaler devices are there?

7. Does a lozenge treat symptoms or cure the illness that causes the symptoms?

8. What is immunization? What diseases can it prevent you from?

9. When can the benefit of medicine be achieved?

10. What is the purpose of drug producing in various forms?

III. Vocabulary and Speech Exercises

I. Give the English equivalents of the following from the text.

лікувати, призупиняти чи запобігати захворюванню; рятувати життя; приймати ліки; ковтати пігулки; втирати в шкіру; наклеювати пластирі; ставити під язик; розлад шлунку; пережовувати таблетки; носові ходи; доставляти ліки до легенів; полегшити біль; розтягнути м’яз; хвороби, якими можна заразитись; вітряна віспа; забезпечувати комфорт для пацієнта.

II. Match the antonyms

• health, to ease, to develop, liquid, to swallow, to avoid, effective, benefit, to eject, whole, uniformity, to hurt, old, high, pain, important, fast, long, doctor.

• young, short, to spit out, slow, to worsen, well-being, to relieve, patient, solid, ineffective, disease, part, low, to halt, nonessential, to absorb, to face, disadvantage, variety.

III. Say if the following statement are true or false

1. Medicines are chemicals or compounds used to cure, halt, or prevent diseases.

2. Creams, gels, or ointments are usually stuck to skin and patches are rubbed onto the skin.

3. Tablets and capsules must be swallowed whole.

4. Suppositories are medicines that are used for insertion into eyes or ears.

5. When using patches, it is advisable to cut the patch in half.

6. Taking a lozenge may kill nasty strep bacteria.

7. Analgesics are designed to relieve pain.

8. Most immunizations are given by injection.

9. The benefits of medicine can be achieved only if they are taken once a year.