V. Sections: Reconnaissance and intelligence, Militancy and subversion, Insurgency, Terrorist activities

1. Match the words and phrases in List A with those in List B. Learn these lexical units.

List A

List B

to do reconnaissance to obtain intelligence chief / head of intelligence to be involved in espionage to fight espionage counter-intelligence secret service secret / intelligence agent spy ring to spy on / against sb to infiltrate a terrorist group to rebel (against sb / sth) to plot against sb / sth to subvert the state to sabotage an oil pipeline to crack down (on sb / sth) to mount / stage a rebellion to mastermind a rebellion to put down a rebellion armed rebellion popular rebellion abortive rebellion to bring about a revolution to spark off a riot to instigate a riot

a. совершать революцию b. вооруженный мятеж c. проводить разведку d. подстрекать к бунту e. заниматься подрывной деятельностью против государства f. неудавшаяся попытка мятежа g. поднимать восстание h. руководитель разведки i. вызывать / провоцировать бунт j. бороться со шпионажем k. народное восстание l. секретный агент; разведчик m. тайно руководить восстанием n. шпионить / следить за кем-л. o. поднимать восстание / мятеж p. организовывать заговор q. внедриться в террористическую группу r. шпионская сеть s. контрразведка t. заниматься шпионажем u. собирать разведывательные данные v. организовать диверсию на нефтепроводе w. разведывательная служба x. применять жесткие меры y. подавлять восстание

2. Match the words and phrases in List A with those in List B. Learn these lexical units.

List A

List B

civil unrest political unrest popular unrest student unrest to stage a coup (against sb) coup attempt to carry out a plot to foil a plot to uncover a plot to commit an act of sabotage militant seditious activities insurgent guerrilla (fighter) guerrilla warfare / war / tactics freedom fighter paramilitary group to patrol a street to be involved in terrorism to fight terrorism to eliminate terrorism to take a tough line on terrorism to renounce terrorism to carry out a terrorist attack (on / against sb / sth) bomb attack suicide bomb attack / mission

a. совершать террористический акт b. патрулировать улицу c. отказываться от терроризма d. заниматься террористической деятельностью e. террористический акт (с использованием взрывного устройства) f. военизированная группа g. проводить жесткую политику в области борьбы с терроризмом h. гражданское неповиновение i. террористический акт террориста-смертника j. общественное недовольство k. партизанская война / тактика l. организовывать переворот m. осуществлять заговор n. раскрывать заговор o. боевик; активист, борец p. партизан q. повстанец; мятежник r. бунтарская деятельность s. организовывать диверсию t. расстроить заговор u. попытка переворота v. студенческие волнения w. политические беспорядки x. борец за свободу y. искоренить терроризм z. бороться с терроризмом

3. Match the words and phrases in List A with those in List B. Learn these lexical units.

List A

List B

to harbour terrorists terrorist activity / activities to turn a terrorist over to sb terrorist / bomb threat suicide bomber kidnapping to hijack a plane to assassinate sb to make a threat (against sb / sth) to carry out a threat to give in to a threat skyjacking to demand a ransom (from sb) to pay a ransom (for sb) to extort a ransom (from sb) ransom demand to hold sb for / to ransom to tighten security (measures) to undermine security tight security (measures) lax security (measures) security service security forces security officer rogue state

a. офицер контрразведки b. служба безопасности c. подрывать безопасность d. требование выкупа e. страна-изгой f. усиливать меры безопасности g. террористическая деятельность h. силы безопасности i. террористическая угроза j. заплатить выкуп k. совершать политическое убийство l. недостаточные меры безопасности m. выполнить угрозу n. воздушное пиратство o. похищение человека p. требовать выкуп q. поддаваться на угрозу r. угрожать s. угонять самолет t. террорист-смертник u. выдавать террориста кому-л. v. укрывать террористов w. получить выкуп x. требовать выкуп за кого-л. y. строгие меры безопасности

4. Give synonyms for the following words and phrases.

to stage (a coup), coup attempt, to foil (a plot), to uncover (a plot), to commit (an act of sabotage), militant, to be involved in (terrorism), to fight (terrorism), to do (reconnaissance), to obtain (intelligence), to be involved in (espionage), secret service, secret / intelligence (agent), (spy) ring, to rebel, to plot, to crack down, to mastermind (a rebellion), to put down (a rebellion), abortive (coup), to bring about (a revolution), to spark off (a riot), to instigate (a riot), (civil) unrest, to eliminate (terrorism), to take a tough line (on terrorism), to carry out a terrorist attack, kidnapping, to hijack (a plane), to make (a threat), to give in to (a threat), to extort (a ransom), to tighten (security), tight (security), rogue (state / regime)

5. Suggest words and expressions that correspond to the following definitions.

1. deliberate damage that is done to equipment, weapons or buildings in order to prevent the success of an enemy or competitor

2. a government organization that gathers information about the secret activities of foreign governments, the military plans of an enemy etc

3. a secret plan by a group of people to do something bad or illegal, especially in politics

4. a secret government department whose job is to find out enemy secrets and to prevent its own government's secrets from being discovered

5. to secretly join an organization or enter a place in order to find out information about it or harm it

6. the action of trying to weaken or destroy the power or influence of a government or an established system, especially by attacking it indirectly in written or spoken material

7. to make a determined attempt to stop people doing something bad or illegal

8. a refusal by a group to accept someone's authority and / or an attempt to take control from people in authority, especially a group of soldiers or sailors

9. a noisy, violent and uncontrolled protest by a crowd of people

10. a successful attempt by a large group of people to change their government or the political system of their country, usually by force

11. to take strong and often violent action against authority, usually with the aim of taking power away from them

12. to secretly collect information about an enemy country or an organization you are competing against

13. the activity of finding out the political, military, or industrial secrets of a country's enemies or a company's competitors by using secret methods

14. the use of small groups of soldiers, military aircraft or satellites to find out about the size and position of enemy forces

15. an occasion when a group of people takes control of a country, usually by means of military force

6. Suggest words and expressions that correspond to the following definitions.

1. a country that does not behave in the usual or accepted way and often causes trouble

2. to keep someone prisoner until money is paid

3. intended to illegally encourage people to oppose the government or not obey the law

4. to demand and get an amount of money from someone by using threats, force etc

5. someone who fights in a war against an unfair or dishonest government, army etc

6. someone whose job is to protect a building or to collect and deliver large amounts of money

7. an attack in which the person who carries out the attack deliberately kills himself or herself in the process of killing other people

8. to murder a famous or important person, especially for political reasons or for payment

9. to take a person away illegally by force, especially in order to make their family or government give you money or allow you to do what you want

10. to illegally take control of a plane, ship, or vehicle using violence or threats

11. a group of police, soldiers, vehicles, planes etc sent out to search a particular area

12. someone who belongs to a group of people fighting to take control of their country by force

13. an amount of money that is paid to free someone who is held as a prisoner

14. someone who tries to remove a government or leader by force

15. things that are done to keep a person, building, or country safe from threats such as crime or attacks by foreign countries

7. Explain the meaning of the words and phrases listed below.

counter-intelligence, infiltrator, spy ring, to reconnoitre, to orchestrate a rebellion, labour unrest, paramilitary group, mounted patrol, state terrorism, terrorist bombing, to harbour terrorists, to extradite a terrorist, suicide bomber, assassination, king's ransom, rogue state

8. Explain the difference between the meanings of the following of words.

reconnaissance – intelligence, to reconnoitre – to spy, rebellion – revolution – riot – mutiny, coup – plot, rebel – militant, insurgent – guerrilla – freedom fighter – terrorist, to hijack – to skyjack, to assassinate – to murder

9. Match the words in List A with those in List B to form phrases.

List A	List B
to be involved in to do to gather undercover secret spy to infiltrate into to conspire against to riot in protest at to crack down to quell to launch to hatch reconnaissance to practise to make to commit suicide to hijack to give in to to extort to hold sb to enhance rogue	a. security b. a plot c. regime d. a plane e. a terrorist act f. to ransom g. espionage h. a terrorist threat i. intelligence data j. a terrorist attack k. service l. a ransom m. the enemy defences n. tuition fees o. a coup p. a riot q. on terrorism r. the government s. network t. agent u. reconnaissance v. bomber w. terrorism x. patrol

10. Fill the gaps in the sentences with prepositions or adverbial particles if necessary.

1. Whitehall denies that Echelon is involved ….. industrial espionage

2. Philby had been spying ….. the Russians for several years.

3. He was arrested for spying ….. missile sites.

4. There were persistent rumours that the former head of British Intelligence was ….. the pay of the Soviet Union.

5. Rebel forces have been infiltrating ….. the country.

6. The people rebelled ….. the harsh new government.

7. Soldiers went in to put ….. a rebellion.

8. The plot was discovered before it was carried ….. .

9. Reynolds was charged ….. conspiracy ….. the government.

10. The government plans to clamp ….. ….. illegal militant groups.

11. They rioted in protest ….. the government.

12. It needed and wanted to bring ….. a revolution.

13. The Security Commission investigates breaches ….. security.

14. A riot broke ….. after a police shooting of a local man.

11. Fill the gaps in the sentences with prepositions or adverbial particles if necessary.

1. Anyone suspected of conspiring ….. the regime was ruthlessly dealt …. .

2. Radio stations said sailors at a naval base had mutinied ….. their officers.

3. Police are launching a new crackdown ….. drug users.

4. Three reconnaissance aircraft are permanently ….. patrol.

5. He is charged ….. kidnapping a businessman last year and holding him ….. ransom.

6. I am utterly opposed ….. any form of terrorism.

7. In the 12th century in Iran a group of Shiite Muslims conducted terrorist acts ….. religious and political leaders of Sunni Islam.

8. The Mugabe government repeatedly issues public death threats ….. its foes.

9. The President adopted a tough stance ….. terrorism.

10. The bombing has forced Olympic officials to step ….. security measures throughout Olympic venues and surrounding facilities.

11. Postal facilities and other government offices around the country were warned of the attempted bombings, and were put ….. security alert.

12. We met on the streets of Whitehall during the riots ….. capitalism.

12. Choose the word or phrase (from the list) that best completes each of the sentences below. Change the grammatical form of the word or phrase if necessary.

report, to bring about, to stage, to subvert, to infiltrate, to raise, to riot, reconnaissance, to conspire, to make, service, military, to put down, to rise against, guerrilla, to spy, to crack down, to sabotage, secret, espionage, insurgent

1. He is the only Marine ever prosecuted for ….. .

2. Herrera knew that if his government failed ….. the revolt, it would spread to outlying areas.

3. They received intelligence ….. that the factory was a target for the bombing.

4. They were plotting ….. an armed insurrection if negotiations with the government should fail.

5. The report concluded that there was no evidence that the intelligence ….. were involved.

6. He is indignant at suggestions that they were ….. agents.

7. East and West still ….. one another.

8. Non-Iraqi terrorist groups ….. Iraq as soon as the conflict ended.

9. The citizens at last ….. their cruel rulers, drove them from the country, and took power themselves.

10. Crowds ….. throughout the small country and opposition activists demanded that the government step down.

11. They say senior clerics ….. with high-ranking intelligence officials to carry out the murders.

12. Smith was sentenced to 14 years for plotting ….. the government.

13. Their strategy seems to be widespread but low-level ….. warfare to discredit and destabilize the Phnom Penh government.

14. City authorities were quick ….. on the rioters.

15. The attack is being seen as a deliberate attempt ….. the peace talks.

13. Choose the word or phrase (from the list) that best completes each of the sentences below. Change the grammatical form of the word or phrase if necessary.

subversion, to pay, revolution, act of sabotage, to struggle, to conduct, to combat, rioting, suicide, to involve, revolt, to enhance, to demand, attempt, to trigger, rebellious, insurgent, intelligence, subversive, clampdown, growing

1. They were expelled from the country for ….. activities.

2. Reports from secret ….. sources had indicated that there might be another strike against Royalbion.

3. The 1789 ….. marked the end of the French monarchy.

4. These groups have also been accused of plotting ….. more race riots in Oldham and Bradford.

5. Shortages in food have added to the ….. unrest in the capital.

6. The government is determined ….. international terrorism.

7. The coup ….. was followed by police brutality, executions, and torture.

8. Whitehall denies that Echelon ….. in industrial espionage.

9. The terrorists were planning ….. to destabilize the country.

10. Following the military coup, there has been ….. on press reporting in the capital.

11. Whether any intelligence ….. a country's security is doubtful.

12. The ….. officers, having seized the radio station, broadcast the news of the overthrow of the monarchy.

13. According to the army, the teenager said he was on a '….. mission' for the movement.

14. The government reported that it had subsequently killed 80 Hutu ….. in a series of raids.

15. Her kidnappers ….. a £5 million ransom.

14. Choose the word or phrase (from the list) that best completes each of the sentences below. Change the grammatical form of the word or phrase if necessary.

lax, suicide, to renounce, ransom, to assassinate, militant, patrol, terrorist attack, rogue, to murder, to hijack, to launch, threat, to kidnap, bombing, rebel, seditious, tight, civil, to commit, to refuse

1. Urban violence and ….. unrest were mushrooming like small bombs threatening to blow up the machine from within.

2. The party ….. terrorism as a political tool.

3. They were charged with conspiring ….. acts of terrorism.

4. A string of 1999 apartment block ….. in Russia killed over 300.

5. He fell under suspicion for distributing ….. pamphlets.

6. The homes of ….. bombers will be sealed, then destroyed, he said.

7. Three American journalists ….. by political extremists.

8. A Chinese airliner ….. by two passengers and forced to fly to Taiwan.

9. Many people today, worldwide, remember exactly what they were doing when John Kennedy ….. in Dallas.

10. A bomb ….. forced them to make an emergency landing.

11. The bomb went off as an army ….. went by.

12. A bus-load of schoolchildren were held for ….. until the gang were given a plane.

13. As many as 200 civilians and an unknown number of military personnel died during heavy fighting between government and ….. forces.

14. There is ….. security at the airport and all baggage is being searched.

15. And analysts say the nature of the attack – commercial aircraft being used against American cities, instead of ballistic missiles sent by a “….. state” – is sure to figure in Russian protests against President Bush's missile-defence shield plans.

15. Translate these sentences. Give synonymous translations if possible.

1. Перед боем командир дивизии решил провести разведку боем.

2. Необходимо провести разведку местности, где, как предполагают, развернется сражение.

3. Ему пришлось признать, что некоторые члены делегации занимались сбором разведывательных данных.

4. Секретные службы занимаются как разведкой, так и контрразведкой.

5. Чем отличается разведчик от шпиона?

6. В течение долгого времени он занимался шпионажем в пользу США.

7. Его задача заключается в том, чтобы следить / шпионить за ядерными объектами противника в этом регионе.

8. Руководитель разведки принял решение внедрить своего агента в одну из радикальных группировок.

9. Группе разведчиков удалось проникнуть / просочиться в тыл противника.

10. Все население страны восстало против завоевателей.

11. Студенты университета бунтовали как на территории студенческого городка, так и на улицах города.

12. Моряки взбунтовались / подняли бунт и расправились с капитаном и его помощником.

13. Группа офицеров организовала заговор против короля.

14. Его приговорили к десяти годам тюрьмы за подрывную деятельность.

15. Правительство решило принять суровые меры против участников беспорядков.

16. Группа боевиков устроила диверсию на нефтепроводе.

17. Его партия подняла и возглавила восстание против олигархического правительства.

18. Все чувствовали, что кто-то тайно руководит восстанием в стране.

19. Мятеж был жестоко подавлен правительственными войсками.

20. Студенческие волнения охватили всю страну.

21. Государственный переворот был осуществлен в интересах прозападной политической элиты.

22. Ему чудом удалось избежать ареста после неудавшегося государственного переворота.

23. Заговор готовился небольшой группой политиков и военных.

16. Translate these sentences. Give synonymous translations if possible.

1. Чистая случайность помогла расстроить / раскрыть заговор против короля.

2. Все подходы к городу находятся под контролем повстанцев.

3. Повстанцы применяют тактику партизанской войны.

4. В чем разница между террористом и борцом за свободу?

5. К недавним террористическим актам причастны члены запрещенной военизированной группировки.

6. Их корабль совершает патрулирование вдоль всего побережья.

7. Для успешной борьбы с терроризмом необходимо выявлять не только тех, кто непосредственно занимается террористической деятельностью, но и тех, кто финансирует террористов.

8. Наша страна стала проводить жесткую политику в области борьбы с терроризмом.

9. Он считает, что победить терроризм невозможно.

10. Ирландская республиканская армия отказалась от террористической деятельности.

11. В последнее время боевики совершили несколько террористических актов.

12. Террористы-смертники вербуются на оккупированных Израилем палестинских территориях, а также в лагерях беженцев.

13. США обвиняют ряд государств в том, что они укрывают террористов.

14. Любая страна должна выдавать террористов, которые укрываются на ее территории.

15. Воздушное пиратство, похищения людей и политические убийства быстро распространились по всему миру.

16. Занятия в школе были отменены из-за террористической угрозы.

17. За граждан его страны похитители требовали выкуп.

18. Правительство отказалось платить выкуп за работников нефтяной компании, похищенных накануне.

19. После серии террористических актов правительство усилило меры безопасности во всех регионах страны.

20. Строгие меры безопасности ущемляют права и свободы граждан.

21. Совершение террористического акта стало возможным вследствие недостаточных мер безопасности.

22. Правительство делает все необходимое для укрепления сил безопасности.

23. Некоторые политики опасаются, что страна-изгой может нанести ядерный удар по территории США.