17. Ammunition

1. ammunition | ammo (informal) [uncountable] bullets, shells, bombs etc that can be fired from a weapon боеприпасы; снаряды, патроны; боезапас: The soldiers kept on firing until they had no more ammunition. | They seem to have an inexhaustible supply of ammunition. | Government forces are running short of ammunition and fuel. | Stocks of ammunition were running low.

live ammunition боевые патроны / снаряды: Policemen who were stoned by the crowd used live ammunition to disperse it, killing at least one person. | They trained in the jungle using live ammunition.

blank / dummy ammunition холостые боеприпасы / патроны / снаряды

ammunition depot склад боеприпасов; артиллерийский склад

2. bomb [countable] a weapon made to explode when it hits something (авиационная) бомба: From June 1944 the flying bomb attacks were less concentrated spatially, but even more destructive. | We got in there, and the first thing we noticed were the bomb craters.

nuclear bomb a very powerful bomb that uses nuclear energy to kill a lot of people and destroy large areas ядерная бомба: Nuclear bombs were detonated in tests in the desert. | Systems for delivering nuclear bombs to distant targets are very difficult and expensive to produce.

atom / atomic / fission bomb a nuclear bomb that splits atoms to cause an extremely large explosion атомная бомба: The United States might have created the atomic bomb in hundreds of different ways. | Much controversy has surrounded Truman's decision to use the atomic bomb. | For comparison, the atomic bomb explosions that devastated Hiroshima and Nagasaki were about 20 kilotons each. | Far sooner than anyone thought possible, the Russians exploded an atomic bomb.

hydrogen / fusion bomb a very powerful nuclear bomb водородная бомба: On 12 July 1953, when the Soviet Union exploded its first hydrogen bomb, equilibrium was restored. | The Soviet Union tested its own hydrogen bomb within a year, and the nuclear arms race escalated further.

neutron bomb a type of nuclear bomb that kills people but is not intended to cause much damage to buildings, roads etc нейтронная бомба

napalm bomb напалмовая бомба

fragmentation bomb осколочная бомба

dirty bomb грязная бомба (начиненная радиоактивными материалами)

to make / build / manufacture / produce a bomb производить / выпускать бомбу: That is enough to make between 10 and 20 nuclear bombs. | Physics may tell us how to build a nuclear bomb but not whether it should be built. | In retrospect, the decision to build the bomb was fraught with agonizing ambiguities.

to drop a bomb (on sth) | to release a bomb (over sth) сбрасывать бомбу: Enemy planes dropped over 200 bombs during the raid. | They dropped ninety-three bombs and caused casualties and damage at a rate Paris had not experienced before. | During the Second World War, the British dropped a huge number of bombs on Dresden. | He was a crew member of the Enola Gay, the B-29 that dropped a bomb on Hiroshima. | The plane released its bombs at 10 000 feet. | Thousands of bombs were released over Dresden.

a bomb falls (on sth): Bombs fell on the city every night for two weeks. | Most of the bombs fell in the south.

unexploded bomb невзорвавшаяся / неразорвавшаяся бомба: to dispose of an unexploded bomb | Unexploded bombs were found there as late as the 1960s.

3. the bomb / Bomb (old-fashioned) nuclear weapons, considered as a group, especially the hydrogen bomb ядерное оружие; водородная бомба: The US was the first country to have the bomb. | Voices of dissent began to rise against the bomb. | What if the government decided to use the bomb?

4. nuke [countable] (informal) a nuclear weapon ядерное оружие; ядерная бомба: Pyongyang now warns that it may be forced to resume building nukes and missiles. | They have nukes, and if they're sufficiently pushed, they'll use them.

5. bomb | explosive device [countable] a weapon made to explode at a particular time взрывное устройство, бомба: In April 1995 a truck bomb exploded in front of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, killing 168 people and injuring more than 500. | There were two bomb explosions in the city overnight. | The bomb disposal unit destroyed the bomb with a controlled explosion. | An explosive device was found at one of London's busiest stations this morning. | A small explosive device was set off outside the UN headquarters today. | The explosive device was timed to go off at the rush hour.

time bomb бомба замедленного действия: It is a time bomb waiting to explode.

to plant / place a bomb / explosive device устанавливать / закладывать взрывное устройство / бомбу: The terrorists planted a bomb near the police station. | Loyalist extremist groups which planted bombs, on the other hand, often gave no warning. | A bomb was planted at the railway station. | They placed bombs on two isolated aircraft and then headed for the hangars.

to set off / detonate / explode a bomb / explosive device взрывать / приводить в действие взрывное устройство / бомбу: Terrorists set off a bomb in the city centre. | Terrorists have been setting off bombs in Underground trains. | The terrorists planted and detonated the bomb. | A small explosive device was set off outside the UN headquarters today. | The bomb was detonated by remote control. | The 200 kg bomb was detonated by terrorists using a remote-control device. | What makes him do that is his belief that the man is about to explode a bomb.

a bomb / explosive device goes off / detonates / explodes взрывное устройство / бомба взрывается / срабатывает: The bomb went off at midday. | Bombs went off at two London train stations. | The explosive device was timed to go off at the rush hour. | The first four bombs detonated around noon. | An explosive device detonated on the roof of the building late last night. | A bomb exploded near the country's busiest airport before dawn today. | The bomb exploded on a bus in Jerusalem during the city's morning rush hour.

homemade bomb самодельное взрывное устройство: Between 1978 and 1995, an anarchist and terrorist known as the Unabomber planted or mailed homemade bombs that killed 3 people and wounded 23 others in 16 separate incidents throughout the United States.

bomb threat угроза взрыва: The station was closed for six hours following a bomb threat. | Officials at the school say they received a bomb threat at approximately 11:30 a.m. today. | It belongs to the man who called in the bomb threat 18 minutes before it detonated. | Last Monday, a bomb threat against the county courthouse was delivered by telephone. | Schools cancelled extracurricular activities, and many parents took their children out of classes after word of the bomb threat spread.

6. missile [countable] a weapon that can fly over long distances and that explodes when it hits the thing it has been aimed at ракета; реактивный снаряд: It also recommends a study of how to protect aircraft from missiles. | They believed U-2s went much higher and they knew Soviet missiles could not reach these altitudes. | Ivanov proposed multilateral talks to assess the threats that prompted the United States to consider developing a missile shield. . | The plane was shot down in error by a NATO missile. | It was established that the missile had landed on a test range in Australia. | Nearly half the missiles landed wide.

nuclear missile ядерная ракета: If the nuclear missiles are militarily useless, why risk alienating the West by hanging on to them? | If they accepted, nuclear missiles would vanish from the earth.

anti-aircraft missile ракета "земля-воздух"

short-range // intermediate-range / medium-range // long-range missile ракета ближнего / среднего / дальнего радиуса действия: How distant now seem the quarrels of the spring over the introduction of new short-range missiles. | He is very keen to reach agreement with the US on reducing long-range nuclear missiles.

tactical / strategic missile тактическая / стратегическая ракета: They have removed all tactical nuclear missiles that could strike Europe. | In August the Soviet Union announced that it would cease producing rail-mounted strategic nuclear missiles from the beginning of 1991.

(intercontinental) ballistic missile межконтинентальная баллистическая ракета: He realized that the Soviets were just as capable of adapting a ballistic missile to carry satellites as he was. | The Western hemisphere would soon be in range of and vulnerable to Soviet intercontinental ballistic missiles, carrying megaton warheads.

guided missile управляемая ракета: Nuclear warheads were also being developed for defensive guided missiles. | Government expenditures can reabsorb these resources in the production of guided missiles, military aircraft, and new schools and highways.

cruise missile крылатая ракета: Another threat to the F-22 is the cruise missile. | Indeed, reports have reached the West of Soviet efforts to develop their own cruise missiles.

to deploy missiles развертывать ракеты: Unlike the United States, Britain had no large sparsely-populated desert areas in which to deploy strategic missiles.

to fire / launch / dispatch / send a missile запускать ракету: The missiles were fired / launched at / against enemy targets. | The authorities offered to stop firing missiles if the rebels agreed to stop attacking civilian targets. | The aircraft would be able to launch the missiles at a considerable distance from well-defended targets. | Could a computer failure automatically launch a nuclear missile? | Then a missile will be dispatched from Alaska or California. | And America has already been caught on the hop by the pace of its adversaries' technological advances: in 1998, North Korea sent a missile sailing over Japan.

to intercept a missile перехватить ракету

to shoot down a missile сбивать ракету: They claimed to have shot down one incoming missile.

7. warhead [countable] the front part of a bomb or missile that explodes боеголовка: Britain's stock of plutonium from the civil power programme is estimated to be enough to build 14000 missile warheads. | He asked for immediate help from the United States to dismantle the warheads. | Their warheads are enough to obliterate the world several times over. | If he believes in friendship and partnership, at whom will we be pointing the Trident warheads?

conventional / nuclear / chemical / biological warhead: Currently, the Royal Navy is expected to carry 512 nuclear warheads on its Trident fleet. | It revealed 10,000 chemical bombs, as well as 50 Scud missiles, including at least 30 with chemical warheads for long-range missiles. | Faced with the threat of nuclear, chemical or biological warheads, missing one or two is not an acceptable option.

single / multiple warhead: If multiple warheads are deployed, the different blast waves reinforce each other, increasing their destructive power. | Moscow would order the upgrading of the country's nuclear forces replacing single warheads with multiple warheads.

a missile carries a warhead ракета имеет боеголовку / снабжена боеголовкой: These missiles can carry several warheads each, bringing the total to 6400. | Initial fears that the Scuds were carrying chemical warheads proved groundless. | It is so small and mobile that it could easily be hidden, and it can carry nuclear or conventional warheads.

8. (artillery) shell [countable] a metal container, like a large bullet, which is full of an explosive substance and is fired from a large gun артиллерийский снаряд: We ran for cover as shells dropped all around us. | Artillery and mortar shells were landing on the outskirts of the city.

to fire / lob a shell выпустить / выстрелить снаряд: What the Navy needs is a ship that can fire lots of relatively inexpensive artillery shells. | The army plans later to fit Challenger with a new gun operating at even higher pressure and firing an improved shell. | Enemy forces lobbed a series of artillery shells onto the city. | Our artillery was lobbing shells into enemy positions.

9. mortar shell / bomb [countable] минометный снаряд, (минометная) мина: Three mortar shells landed close to a crowd of people. | The mortar shell explodes before it is fired. | Unlike the solid cannon ball a mortar shell is hollow and filled with gunpowder. | A well placed mortar shell can therefore kill a great many victims at once. | Several other mortar bombs have been thrown out into the darkness. | Another bizarre idea thought up by a general was dropping mortar shells from a helicopter.

to fire / lob a mortar shell выпустить / выстрелить минометный снаряд: Rebels fired mortar shells directly into the town square. | Now declare how far you want to fire the mortar shell.

10. rocket | projectile [countable] a weapon shaped like a tube that flies through the air and explodes when it hits something реактивный снаряд: Heavy artillery and rocket attacks rained down on the camp. | Those rockets landed in the desert. | The projectile was imperfectly aimed but exploded in Verdun, smashing down part of the Archbishop's palace. | The second projectile exploded after hitting a tank.

to fire a rocket выпустить / выстрелить реактивный снаряд: The rebels were firing anti-tank rockets. | He fired a rocket into the middle of the clearing, and the blast broke the string.

rocket attack: These included bombs on London railway lines and a daring rocket attack on the headquarters of MI6 by the Thames. | Mortar and rocket attacks varied in frequency, but they were always a threat. | There has been a renewed rocket attack on the capital.

11. bullet [countable] a small piece of metal that is fired from a gun пуля: He was killed by a single bullet. | He was shot with six bullets through the window of a hut as he slept. | Several bullet holes could be seen beside a window. | She was hit by an assassin's bullet.

to fire / shoot a bullet выпустить пулю: He fired one more tap-loaded bullet, then ran back parallel to the road. | A gun is known to fire bullets at precisely three hundred and thirty metres per second. | Then it just shot bullets at a tin can.

to riddle sb / sth with bullets / bullet holes изрешетить пулями: The man was riddled with bullets. | The door was riddled with bullet holes.

to take a bullet to be shot: He took a bullet in his thigh.

a bullet lodges somewhere пуля попадает куда-л.: A bullet lodged in the boy's leg.

a hail / volley of bullets град пуль: Three West Belfast men died in a hail of bullets. | The man got within twenty yards of the tape before a hail of bullets finally brought him down. | They grabbed rifles and fired volley after volley into the air to show their erstwhile companions that it could be done.

stray bullet шальная пуля

bullet wound пулевое / огнестрельное ранение: Some of them also had other bullet wounds. | She would die within hours from a bullet wound to her head.