13. Gun | pistol | handgun | rifle | submachine gun | machine gun collocations

to be armed with a gun / pistol / handgun / rifle / submachine gun / machine gun быть вооруженным огнестрельным оружием / пистолетом / винтовкой / автоматом / пулеметом: The robbers were usually armed with a pistol and shotgun. | But the police are already complaining about their poor pay and the fact that they are armed only with handguns.

to load a gun / pistol / handgun / rifle / submachine gun / machine gun заряжать огнестрельное оружие / пистолет / винтовку / автомат / пулемет: It was now just light enough on the roof for him to see to load his pistols. | When I was in a safe place, I loaded my pistols, this time with dry powder.

to aim / point / level a gun / pistol / handgun / rifle / submachine gun / machine gun at sb / sth целиться из огнестрельного оружия / пистолета / винтовки / автомата / пулемета в кого-л.: Then he aimed the rifle again, this time at one of the men in the front rank. | The sentries at the Yalu River checkpoint aimed their rifles at me instead of letting me hurry across. | Two men in their late teens or early twenties came into the office and pointed their guns at the cashier's face. | He snapped off a shot, hardly even bothering to point the gun before he squeezed the trigger. | He said thousands of Koreans still levelled guns at one another along the demilitarized zone between them.

to fire / shoot a gun / pistol / handgun / rifle / submachine gun / machine gun стрелять из огнестрельного оружия / пистолета / винтовки / автомата / пулемета, сделать выстрел из огнестрельного оружия / пистолета / винтовки / автомата / пулемета: Suddenly, Joyce fired his pistol and the battle had begun. | The villagers then shoot guns into the branches to ward off evil spirits.

a gun / pistol / handgun / rifle / submachine gun / machine gun fires / goes off пистолет / винтовка / автомат / пулемет выстреливает / стреляет: A police gun went off accidentally during a search of his home.

a gun / pistol / handgun / rifle / submachine gun / machine gun misfires пистолет / винтовка / автомат / пулемет дает осечку

gun / pistol / handgun / rifle shot выстрел из огнестрельного оружия / пистолета / винтовки / автомата / пулемета: Then a pistol shot rang out. | The policeman fired some pistol shots in the air, but there was no answer. | The window frames rattled violently and glass cracked with the sound of a pistol shot.

14. artillery [uncountable] large powerful guns that are used by an army and are moved on wheels or fixed in one place артиллерия: Our artillery opened up and we heard a fearful wailing and screeching. | The rattle of rifles and the roar of artillery are simply awful. | You can hear the artillery going to work on his defences. | The area has been the scene of sporadic artillery duels over the last six weeks. | Rockets, mortars and artillery rounds rained on buildings.

light / heavy artillery легкая / тяжелая артиллерия: Elite Republican Guard troops deployed tanks and heavy artillery against lightly armed guerrilla units. | Using tanks and heavy artillery, they seized the town.

long-range artillery дальнобойная артиллерия

artillery attack: Winston Churchill, with extraordinary perspicacity, wrote at the time: Meeting an artillery attack is like catching a cricket ball.

artillery fire / shelling / bombardment артиллерийский огонь / обстрел: The hospital had been hit with heavy artillery fire. | He had decided, as he had at York town, that no attack was possible unless preceded by extensive artillery fire. | There has already been artillery fire, and many expect a new offensive in the coming weeks. | Bill Lucas, used the lull to call in artillery fire and F-18 Hornet bomber strikes on suspected enemy positions. | There was fierce hand-to-hand fighting and the area was coming under heavy tank and artillery shelling. | The effects of the artillery bombardment and the air strikes were devastating. | The next day they withdrew under sporadic artillery bombardment. | The city has been flattened by heavy artillery bombardments.

artillery battery артиллерийская батарея: There were also artillery batteries and thousands of yards of interlocking systems of barbed wire defences. | An artillery battery belonging to the Seventh Virginia Regiment galloped after and did some damage.

artillery shell артиллерийский снаряд: What the Navy needs, critics say, is a ship that can fire lots of relatively inexpensive artillery shells. | Enemy forces lobbed a series of artillery shells onto the city.

15. gun | artillery piece [countable] a metal weapon which shoots shells (артиллерийское) орудие, пушка: Enemy guns fired a shell every two or three minutes. | About 300 tanks, artillery pieces and other heavy vehicles will have crossed the pontoon bridge by Wednesday, military engineers say. | The move from the wood carried the advance units through the long line of artillery pieces.

heavy gun тяжелое орудие: Our troops came under prolonged bombardment by heavy guns.

anti-aircraft gun / weapon a gun used against enemy aircraft зенитное орудие, зенитная установка, зенитка: Then the anti-aircraft guns opened up, firing into the air against an imagined air raid. | Around airfields and other installations of national importance emplacements of the distinctive Soviet ZSU-23 multi-barrelled anti-aircraft guns could be seen. | Both factions were firing anti-aircraft guns and large-calibre machine guns indiscriminately at civilian housing.

16. cannon [countable; plural – cannon or cannons] (1) a large heavy powerful gun, especially one that was used in the past to fire heavy stone or metal balls (артиллерийское) орудие, пушка: The stillness of night was broken by the boom of a cannon. | Only if none of these targets is available will I open fire on the big battalions with cannon. | They were pursued by cannon fire.

cannon shell / ball снаряд: But it's different, there's a strange hush in the air and the endless rumbling of 50,000 cannon shells. | The cannon ball travels forward this distance before striking the ground. | Unlike the solid cannon ball a mortar shell is hollow and filled with gunpowder.

(2) a gun on an aircraft, ship or tank (артиллерийское) орудие, пушка: I could clearly hear the roar of engines above me, and distinctly heard one long burst of cannon fire.

17. mortar [countable] a large gun with a short wide barrel which fires bombs or shells very high into the air over a short distance миномет: They used helicopters, airplanes and mortars. | Half a mile up the hill, heavy mortars are lined against them. | The two sides exchanged fire with artillery, mortars and small arms. | The 120mm mortar has a range of 18,000 yards. | Grenades and mortars rained down on Dubrovnik.

mortar attack: He was killed in a mortar attack.

mortar fire: Around dawn they were hit with mortar fire. | I gave no thought to this until heavy mortar fire began to hit extremely close. | Their car came under mortar fire and they had to cross five military checkpoints. | The enemy directed heavy mortar fire at the artillery positions while an assault was launched on all sides of the perimeter.

to fire a mortar стрелять из миномета: The army responded by firing mortars.

18. launcher [countable] a vehicle or object used for firing a missile or other large weapon пусковая установка, пусковая система: Specifically, the treaty limited each side to 2,400 launchers of all types.

mobile launcher передвижная пусковая установка / пусковая система: You cannot destroy all the mobile launchers, such as Polaris submarines. | Our bombers have knocked out the mobile launchers.

19. grenade launcher [countable] гранатомет: He is trained to handle a 60-pound automatic grenade launcher.

20. rocket launcher [countable] a weapon like a tube used for firing military rockets into the air ракетная пусковая установка: Soldiers using a multiple rocket launcher scored a direct hit on the steeple of a church. | Over 7,000 assault rifles, 500 rocket launchers and several tonnes of explosives have been recovered. | We have a report that four unidentified persons have set up a rocket launcher two hundred yards west of seventeenth green.

21. missile launcher / site / base | (missile) launching site / base [countable] a weapon used for firing military missiles into the air ракетная пусковая установка: The main problem was that the missile launchers were often mobile, moving from site to site. | Here is the line of United States missile sites – the launching sites for defensive and intercontinental missiles – with which the US will protect its food-producing areas. | It is the movement of the United States missile bases to our own Canadian North. | Its terms would include the transfer of all missile-launching bases to the North of Canada.

22. missile system [countable] ракетная система: There are also important questions about the handling, safeguarding and transport of missile systems. | The Patriot missile system is a good example. | It was reported that the agreement covered missile systems, light armoured vehicles and sea surveillance aircraft.

23. missile defence system | missile defence(s) | defence(s) against missiles [countable] система ракетной обороны: I believe all responsible countries should contribute the financial and technological resources to develop a global missile defence system. | When that happens, it will be too late to start building a missile defence. | He has been appointed to build national missile defences. | Either side could then deploy defences against missiles.

24. anti-missile (defence) system [countable] система противоракетной обороны: Next year, the United States unveils its anti-missile defence system. | They are equipped with the 1960s Sea Dart anti-missile system, which is of limited use against modern missiles.

25. armour [uncountable] specially protected military vehicles carrying weapons, for example tanks and armoured cars бронетанковая техника: The troops were backed by tanks, artillery and other heavy armour. | The squadron's armour is draped in sand-coloured nets that melt into the landscape.

26. tank [countable] a heavy military vehicle that has a large gun and runs on two metal belts, called tracks, fitted over its wheels танк

light / medium / heavy tank легкий / средний / тяжелый танк

amphibious tank танк-амфибия

tank attack танковая атака

tank mine противотанковая мина

27. armoured vehicle [countable] боевая машина пехоты: More than forty armoured vehicles carrying troops have been sent into the area. | Then to David Stirling's fury they saw a convoy of light armoured vehicles moving across their line of advance. | Each side could also retain 18,000 armoured infantry combat vehicles weighing between 6 and 16.5 tonnes, and 12,000 lighter armoured vehicles.

28. armoured personnel carrier [countable] a special vehicle covered with strong metal which is used for carrying soldiers бронетранспортер: The tracks are 28-ton personnel carriers that can carry two dozen Marines, including the three-man crew. | Slowed by heavy rains, the convoy was shielded by helicopter gunships and armoured personnel carriers.

29. aircraft [plural – aircraft] | plane | aeroplane (British English) | airplane (American English) [countable] a flying vehicle with wings and at least one engine самолет

military / war aircraft / plane военный самолет: At least three military aircraft were destroyed. | The technology of military aircraft is distinct from the civilian variety. | The military planes were headed for Andrews, having completed a training exercise off the coast. | As many as 44 military planes and helicopters have been badly damaged. | Any unauthorized war planes flying in the area are to be shot down.

combat aircraft / plane | war plane | warplane боевой самолет: Any unauthorized war planes flying in the area are to be shot down. | NATO warplanes bombed a dozen towns on Thursday. | The village was attacked by enemy warplanes. | The city was in ruins after a prolonged onslaught by enemy warplanes.

friendly / enemy aircraft / plane свой самолет / самолет противника: Another program, called the battlefield combat identification system, is similar to an Air Force system used to identify friendly aircraft. | They came under attack from enemy aircraft.

30. reconnaissance aircraft | spy plane [countable] разведывательный самолет, самолет-разведчик: Three reconnaissance aircraft are permanently on patrol. | At one point U.S. military and intelligence services had 17 spy planes over Escobar's home city of Medellin. | During the Cold War, U-2 spy plane pilots installed rear-view mirrors on the aircraft to monitor their exhaust.

31. cargo / transport aircraft / plane [countable] грузовой / транспортный самолет: The operation would use 11 military cargo planes. | The paratroops, known as Task Force Red, dropped in two waves from C-141 cargo planes. | That cargo plane of yours has a range of three thousand, six hundred sea miles.

32. (jet) fighter | fighter aircraft / plane / jet [countable] a small fast military aircraft used for chasing and destroying enemy aircraft истребитель: He was shot down by enemy fighters. | The F-22 would clearly outperform any existing fighter aircraft. | That incident occurred about 10 to 15 miles offshore, as the four fighter planes were returning from a training mission. | The plan seems to be to use airlift escorted by fighter planes.

33. bomber [countable] a large military aircraft that carries and drops bombs бомбардировщик: The invasion on land was supported by bombers in the air. | They were flying the route taken by the heavy bombers 50 years before.

light / heavy bomber легкий / тяжелый бомбардировщик: Two heavy bombers moved across the sky at about ten thousand feet.

long-range / strategic bomber бомбардировщик дальнего действия, стратегический бомбардировщик: The second type of target is strategic bomber bases.

dive bomber пикирующий бомбардировщик: Our dive bombers found numerous carrier-type aircraft lined up on the apron of the field and quickly set them ablaze. | The first wave was composed of 183 planes: level bombers, dive bombers, torpedo planes, and fighters.

34. fighter bomber [countable] истребитель-бомбардировщик: Knowing that it would call up the fighter bombers, the convoy scattered into whatever cover could be found. | At one point Dostam used fighter bombers to attack the presidential palace and defence ministry. | Pentagon officials acknowledge using two Stealth fighter bombers to drop 2,000 pound bombs.

35. interceptor [countable] (1) a small fast military aircraft that is designed to intercept and attack enemy aircraft истребитель-перехватчик

(2) a ground-based missile system designed to intercept and attack enemy aircraft or missiles ракета-перехватчик: But the interceptor missed its target in a second test in January. | It would take until 2007 to deploy 50 interceptors – about half the number the Clinton administration originally planned for that date.

36. attack plane [countable] штурмовик

37. helicopter | chopper (informal) [countable] a type of aircraft with large metal blades on top which turn around very quickly to make it fly вертолет: Commanders naturally depended greatly on their helicopters. | The injured were ferried to hospital by helicopter. | There was a police chopper waiting for us.

a helicopter hovers вертолет неподвижно зависает в воздухе: The helicopters hovered overhead in formation. | A giant helicopter was hovering overhead, its spotlight trained on the field below.