12. Oath of allegiance / loyalty присяга на верность; воинская присяга

to take / swear an oath of allegiance / loyalty (to sb / sth) присягать на верность; давать воинскую присягу: The knights swore an oath of allegiance to their king. | I have sworn an oath of loyalty to the monarchy.

13. patriotism [uncountable] strong feelings of love, respect, pride and duty towards their country and the willingness to defend it (used to show approval) патриотизм: The wave of patriotism swept the country. | He was a country boy who had joined the army out of a sense of patriotism and adventure. | We live in an age when patriotism is often sneered at. | The president has appealed to the Brazilian people for patriotism and community spirit. | Patriotism is every politician's stock-in-trade.

ardent / fervent / strong / sincere / profound patriotism: Anna's patriotism was profound.

perverted patriotism: the assertion of a perverted patriotism

to display / show patriotism проявлять патриотизм

14. nationalism [uncountable] (1) the desire by a group of people of the same race, origin, language etc to form an independent country патриотизм, стремление к национальной независимости; национализм: The rising tide of Slovak nationalism may also help the party to win representation in parliament.

(2) chauvinism | jingoism the belief that your own nation is better than any other nation; excessive patriotism (used to show disapproval) национализм, шовинизм, ура-патриотизм: to foster nationalism | the rise of nationalism in Eastern Europe | Under his leadership, a strong sense of nationalism emerged. | Bandaranaike used Sinhalese chauvinism to gain power. | Only the most narrow jingoism can allow us to deny this.

extreme / fierce / rampant nationalism крайний национализм: The leaders discussed the danger posed by an upsurge of extreme nationalism. | This kind of fierce nationalism is a powerful and potentially volatile force.

15. xenophobia [uncountable] a strong fear and dislike of people from other countries and cultures ксенофобия, ненависть к иностранцам и всему иностранному: In an atmosphere of growing xenophobia many foreigners were deported or even imprisoned. | We ourselves were unaware of the dimensions of this new xenophobia.

16. militarism [uncountable] the belief that it is necessary to have strong armed forces and that they should be used in order to win political or economic advantages (used to show disapproval) милитаризм: Economic success has replaced nationalism and militarism as the dominant force in a region once terrorized by war and revolution. | She wants her army to be the world leader in peacekeeping and to shift from militarism to humanitarianism. | The country slipped into a dangerous mixture of nationalism and militarism. | They hoped that the very talk of a general strike would act as a restraining influence on militarism.

17. warmongering [uncountable] подстрекательство к войне, милитаризм: The president was accused of warmongering.

18. sabre-rattling | warlike gesture [uncountable] talking and behaving in a way that threatens military action бряцание оружием; угрозы: What the situation calls for is calm discussion – not sabre-rattling. | It is too early to say whether the threats are mere sabre-rattling. | The sabre-rattling is empty gesturing.

19. belligerence | belligerency | aggressiveness | aggression | pugnacity (formal) | bellicosity (formal) | militancy [uncountable] being warlike воинственность, агрессивность; враждебность: to demonstrate / display / exhibit belligerency | Television violence can encourage aggression in children. | He is legendary for his fearlessness and pugnacity. | The group has always been characterized by an uncompromising militancy.

20. defeatism [uncountable] an attitude that shows you think you will fail пораженчество, капитулянтство: This is not realism; it is defeatism, even appeasement. | There is a spirit of defeatism among some members of the party.

21. disloyalty [uncountable] the quality of being unfaithful to a leader, country, belief etc нелояльность, предательство, измена вероломство: Charges had already been made against certain officials suspected of disloyalty.

to demonstrate disloyalty (to sb / sth) изменять, предавать, поступать предательски (по отношению к кому-л.)

22. patriot [countable] someone who has strong feelings of love, respect, pride and duty towards their country and is willing to defend it (used to show approval) патриот: Pinochet called the convicted man a patriot. | The Presbyterians found it easy to be patriots for many reasons. | They clashed at parties and at country house weekends with fellow guests who might be termed patriots.

true patriot: Mr Bush praised Weinburger as 'a true American patriot'.

ardent / fervent / staunch / sincere patriot горячий / пламенный / искренний патриот: They were staunch British patriots and had portraits of the Queen in their flat.

intense / fanatical patriot: Perhaps it is because of a hearty dislike of chauvinism and exaggerated nationalism that I have not become an intense patriot. | As a boy he was a fanatical patriot.

23. nationalist [countable] (1) someone who is involved in trying to achieve political independence for a particular nation борец за независимость своей родины: Indian nationalists finally won independence for their country in 1947.

(2) chauvinist | jingoist | jingo someone who believes that their nation is better than any other nation and who has no respect for people from other countries (used to show disapproval) националист, приверженец национализма, шовинист, ура-патриот: His father was a nationalist during the civil war. | Religious chauvinists have been the main cause of trouble in the province. | He was a confirmed jingoist and would frequently speak about the dangers of Britain forming closer ties with the rest of Europe.

24. xenophobe [countable] a person who strongly dislikes or fears people from other countries and cultures ксенофоб

25. militarist | hawk | warmonger | instigator of war [countable] someone, especially a politician or a military leader, who is too keen to increase the size and power of their country's armed forces so that it can attack other countries; a politician who prefers using military force to more peaceful methods (used to show disapproval) милитарист, сторонник жесткого курса (в политике); сторонник военных действий; поджигатель войны: The militarists wanted Japan to invade China. | They became overheated nationalists, militarists, and they were out to conquer. | The hawks in the government would never permit any talks with the enemy. | We don't yet know whether the new President is a hawk or a dove. | Some saw him as a great statesman, but others saw him as a ruthless warmonger.

26. belligerent [countable] (formal) one of the countries involved in a war воюющий, воюющая сторона: The belligerents were due, once again, to try to settle their differences.

27. defeatist [countable] someone who thinks that they will fail пораженец, капитулянт

28. dove [countable] a politician who wants to use peaceful methods to solve problems rather than fighting сторонник мира, сторонник мирного урегулирования вопроса: The doves called Johnson a monster. | But the cabinet doves seemed unperturbed. | Thus the doves, representing nearly half the population, were left without a candidate for President in 1968. | Both hawks and doves have expanded their conditions for ending the war. | A clear split over tactics appears to be emerging between doves and hawks in the party.