7. the army | land / ground forces [also + plural verb (British English)] the part of a country's military force that is trained to fight on land in a war армия, сухопутные войска: He joined the army when he was 17. | Both my sons are in the army.

8. navy [countable] the part of a country's military forces that fights at sea военно-морской флот, военно-морские силы: It was an important battle for the navy. | Their navies are no match for ours. | At the same time both the army and the navy became better equipped.

9. air force [countable] the part of a country's military forces that uses aircraft and fights in the air военно-воздушные силы / войска: The air force couldn't stop it either. | Jack Mann was a Royal Air Force fighter pilot during World War II. | Until 12 months ago about 500 air force personnel worked here.

10. The (armed) forces | the service(s) | the army | the navy | the air force collocations

(to be / serve) in the (armed) forces / army / navy / air force: Both her sons are in the forces. | Reagan, who had never served in the forces himself, was a soldier's president. | He wanted to serve in the army. | My father was in the navy during the war. | Koester served in the navy for eight years.

(to be) in the service(s): Her son is in the services. | My first duty station in the service was in North Carolina. | He joined the air force in 1964 and spent ten years in the service.

to join / go into the (armed) forces / service(s) / army / navy / air force: Maybe you should join the services. | The family has a tradition of going into the services. | After leaving school, he joined the army. | He joined the navy during the war.

11. infantry [uncountable; can be followed by a singular or plural verb] soldiers who fight on foot; the part of an army that fights on foot пехота: The infantry was / were sent into battle. | The infantry would use hit and run tactics to slow attacking forces. | The government said it drove the guerrillas off with infantry and air strikes. | The Belgians fell back as the infantry came under fire. | The infantry were advancing to attack the ridge.

light / heavy infantry легкая / тяжелая пехота: It's a light / heavy infantry unit.

motorized / mounted / mechanized infantry моторизованная / механизированная пехота: What was wrong was that it should never have been conducted by mechanized infantry.

infantry unit пехотное подразделение: Women are now barred from infantry and armoured units. | Frequently, infantry units dispensed with their own mortars altogether and used the mortar teams as an additional rifle squad.

infantry platoon / company / battalion / regiment / division пехотный взвод // пехотная рота // пехотный батальон // пехотный полк // пехотная дивизия: Each infantry battalion has five companies. | Will he ensure that these infantry battalions are more swiftly available in future? | The message came from the headquarters of an infantry regiment based eight miles away. | At 03.50 on the first day of the attack, 12 infantry divisions went forward in heavy mist.

12. the artillery [uncountable] the part of an army that uses large powerful guns артиллерия: At some stage he left the Artillery to command a radar unit.

artillery unit артиллерийское подразделение: Rebel artillery units have regularly bombarded the airport. | Missile troops positioned on hilltops are very handy for protecting artillery units.

13. armoured forces / troops | armour | cavalry forces that use armoured vehicles бронетанковые войска: the US Army's 1st Cavalry Division | The squadron's armour is draped in sand-coloured net that melts into the landscape.

armoured unit / division бронетанковая часть / дивизия: These front-line defences are backed up by armoured units in reserve. | Several armoured divisions are being moved from Germany. | German armoured divisions pierced the Russian lines.

14. airborne troops / soldiers / infantry airborne troops / soldiers / infantry are trained to fight in areas that they get to by jumping out of a plane by parachute воздушно-десантные войска: the 82nd airborne division | Airborne troops were dropped by parachute behind enemy lines.

15. paratrooper | para (British English) (informal) [countable] a soldier who is trained to be dropped by parachute into battle or into enemy territory парашютист-десантник: I told them that there was no doubt in my mind but that I wanted to be a paratrooper. | In the early morning of May 18, police manning barricades were replaced by army paratroopers who opened fire with machine guns. | Paratroopers were dropped behind enemy lines to capture key points on the roads into the city.

16. paratroops [plural] (a military unit of) paratroopers who are trained to be dropped by parachute into battle or into enemy territory парашютисты-десантники; военно-воздушный десант: The airport is in the hands of French paratroops. | They were supported by two battalions of paratroops and other crack forces. | The paratroops, known as Task Force Red, dropped in two waves from C-141 cargo planes. | Harvey gave him one of those Sorbo-rubber helmets that paratroops wear on practice drops.

17. commando (plural – commandos or commandoes) [countable] (a member of) a small group of soldiers who are specially trained to make quick attacks into enemy areas which are particularly dangerous or difficult to attack разведовательно-диверсионный отряд, отряд специального назначения; боец разведовательно-диверсионного отряда / отряда специального назначения, коммандос: You will then be ready to join a commando unit. | The hostages were freed in the commando raid. | One evening the conversation turned to commando raids during the war. | They conducted commando and terrorist operations both within Israel and in other countries.

18. special forces [plural] soldiers who are specially trained to fight against guerrilla or terrorist groups войска специального назначения, спецназ: He refused to comment on how many other special forces soldiers were involved. | Before this force of 5,000 commandos could be raised, however, Churchill's enthusiasm for special forces was tempered by reality. | Yes, we do teach elements of the special forces.

19. marine [countable] a soldier who works closely with the navy and is trained especially for military operations on land which begin from the sea солдат морской пехоты, морской пехотинец: The Marines have vowed to continue holding annual air shows, starting next summer. | A special force of 500 US Marines has been sent to the area. | The Marine position was very similar to where I was dug in.

20. the marines [plural] a part of a country's military forces which takes part especially in operations on land which begin from the sea морская пехота: He's in the Royal Marines. | Last I heard he went into the Marines.

21. the Marine Corps a part of the United States military forces that consists of soldiers who operate on land and at sea Корпус морской пехоты США: I have a 25-year-old brother who's in the Marine Corps. | It was co-signed by eight other Congress members, seven of whom served in the Marine Corps.

22. to station [transitive; usually passive] (1) to base to cause someone to be in a particular place for a period of time as part of their military duty размещать (войска): The troops were stationed near London. | My father was stationed in Europe during World War II. | Nearly twice that number of former Soviet troops were currently stationed on its territory. | Ron was stationed in Germany for three years. | The American troops were based in Korea.

(2) (formal) to post to put someone in a particular place in order to do a particular job or military duty размещать; устанавливать: Armed guards were stationed around the airport. | Two guards were stationed at the back of the room. | They have posted guards at every door to make sure no one enters the building. | Extra guards were posted at the border crossing. | Guards were to be posted around nuclear power stations. |

23. to post [transitive; usually passive] to send someone to another place for duty in the armed forces командировать, откомандировать; направлять: He joined the British Army and was posted to Germany. | He was then posted to 22 Squadron.

24. base [countable] a place where members of the armed forces live and work база; опорный пункт

to set up a base создать / построить базу: Fresh air bases were set up in Bank Mine and a team of brave and dedicated doctors went underground to assist.

military base военная база: Some convention delegates live near military bases that were closing or had closed. | Enlisted men control the main military base, where the army's weapons are stored.

air base военно-воздушная база: They had an air base there. | Their targets were the air bases.

naval base морская база: They realized the strategic importance of the site and used it as a naval base and trading post. | When a naval base or arms factory is closed down, people move away to find jobs. | The harbour of the naval base seethed with tremendous activity.

25. mission [countable] an important job, usually a military one, that someone is sent somewhere to do, especially an attack on the enemy (боевая) задача, (боевое) задание: He volunteered to embark on a dangerous secret mission into occupied France. | Your mission is to isolate the enemy by destroying all the bridges across the river. | He was shot down during a mission over the Balkans. | The bomber crashed during a training mission in the west Texas mountains.

combat / military mission боевое задание: He was nervous and cocky at our briefing, the dashing leader of a combat mission to the dreaded Ia Drang. | Harman said that while the military mission has gone well, she doubts that the country can be united.

rescue mission миссия спасения, меры по спасению: Intermittent radio failure on board the boat also hampered the rescue mission. | He believes rescue missions should be carefully planned but do serve a purpose.

to launch a mission приступать к выполнению задания: A desperate rescue mission was launched.

to accomplish / carry out / complete a mission | to be on / go on a mission выполнять (боевое) задание: In essence, he accomplished his original mission. | Both have optical equipment that allows pilots to carry out night-time bombing missions. | In which free-lance warriors are selected one at a time to carry out a dangerous mission. | A Jaguar pilot, he completed 31 missions. | Your objective is to complete your mission and return to base in one piece. | But these ships were on a mission that is far from being innocent. | As Delbert saw it, they went on suicide missions, which was just the kind of action he wanted.

to fly (on) a mission выполнять (боевое) задание / (боевой) полет: We flew over 200 combat missions. | Our helicopter gunships flew 118 missions and returned safely to base. | I flew on over 280 combat missions in two wars, so I'm used to danger.

to send sb on a mission отправлять на (боевое) задание: He was sent on over 200 missions before being killed in action. | The four men who were killed were sent on a murder mission.

26. sortie [countable] (1) a short flight made by a plane over enemy land, in order to bomb a city, military defences etc боевой вылет: Only 24 aircraft were lost during these sorties. | The Fortress suffered a gear extension malfunction during an airborne sortie and could not extend its right main wheel.

on a sortie: But Middleton received enormous damage on that last sortie which ultimately proved fatal. | During the flying, Bob's wife, Marie, flew on one sortie as observer.

to fly / carry out / make / undertake a sortie совершать боевой вылет: He flew sorties into the Pacific war zone. | Allied aircraft flew hundreds of sorties. | The US and its allies carried out 44,000 sorties during this period. | A series of sorties was carried out at night by specially equipped aircraft. | The four planes each made two sorties yesterday. | They then remained on the island to undertake night intruder sorties over Sicily.

(2) (British English) a short and sudden attack by a military force, such as a small group of soldiers, made against an enemy position вылазка, операция

to carry out / make a sortie совершать вылазку, проводить операцию: His men made a sortie to Guazatan and took a prisoner.

27. to sortie [intransitive] to make a short and sudden attack on an enemy position or a flight over enemy land, in order to bomb a city, military defences etc совершать боевой вылет; совершать вылазку, проводить операцию: It was five months since the battleship had last sortied from home waters.

28. casualty | loss [countable; usually plural] someone who is hurt or killed in an accident or military action раненый; убитый; потери (на войне): The bomb caused serious damage to the building, but there were no casualties. | There were no reports of casualties from the attack. | In the fury of the battle casualties on either side were mounting appallingly. | So successful was the tactic that the return fire from the Dragoons passed over their heads without inflicting a single casualty.

casualty rate количество убитых и раненых

death toll количество убитых

casualty list список убитых, раненых и пропавших без вести (на войне): Casualty lists were not published until months after the battle. | The list was so long and detailed it resembled a casualty list following a small battle. | The casualty lists were growing longer and longer.

casualty figures данные о потерях: The respective casualty figures are, as usual, uncertain. | No casualty figures were available, but civilians living near the headquarters fled.