9. environmentally / environment / ecologically friendly | eco-friendly | environmentally / ecologically sound (adjective) not harmful to the environment экологически чистый / безвредный / безопасный, безвредный для окружающей среды: As an agricultural crop, sunflowers are extremely environmentally friendly. | They represent products which have been singled out and improved to make them more environmentally friendly. | It's an ecologically friendly / ecologically sound means of transportation. | Tourism must try to be eco-friendly. | He veered away from the most environmentally sound option. | Working with nature is clearly practical, as well as ecologically sound.

10. Environmentally harmful / damaging экологически вредный / опасный, вредный для окружающей среды

11. ecological [only before noun] (1) relating to the environment and the way plants, animals, and humans live together and affect each other экологический: This plant has no ecological value. | The government is to provide incentives for people to protect natural ecological assets such as forests. | But in ecological terms, something catastrophic had occurred. | The second is to gain the knowledge and experience to maintain humans within equilibrium in a closed ecological system.

ecological destruction нарушение природного комплекса, разрушение экологического сообщества

ecological harm / damage (to sth): Some of these carry toxic cargoes and an accident could result in economic as well as ecological damage.

ecological effect / impact влияние / воздействие на экологию: Clearly, a better understanding of long term ecological impact needs to be encouraged.

ecological consequences / effects / implications экологические последствия, последствия для окружающей среды: the ecological effects of industry

ecological disaster / catastrophe / crisis экологическое бедствие, экологическая катастрофа, экологический кризис: It's an ecological disaster with no parallel anywhere else in the world. | Global Rampart Dam was an ecological disaster probably without precedent in the world. | The destruction of the rain forests is an ecological disaster that threatens the future of life on Earth. | Scientists have described the Aral sea as the site of the worst ecological disaster on earth. | If they do this, ecological catastrophe is inevitable. | And that has worsened the overall ecological crisis that engine efficiency was originally meant to solve.

ecological issue / problem экологическая проблема, проблема состояния окружающей среды: The growing awareness of environmental and ecological issues often coincides with traditional beliefs and practices. | Paradoxically the ecological problems deriving from the application of artificial fertilizers are often equally complex and extensive. | The basic ecological problem of limited resources remains. | Both are concerned to overcome the ecological problem by using biotechnology.

ecological awareness осведомленность / информированность о состоянии экологии; понимание проблем экологии

ecological concern забота / беспокойство о состоянии экологии; заинтересованное отношение к экологии: As dump opponents had feared, it explicitly sidesteps many of the ecological concerns raised last fall by Park Service scientists.

ecological considerations экологические соображения

ecological approach экологический подход, подход с учетом воздействия на окружающую среду: New ecological approaches sought to help us understand human adaptation to the environment. | Cowles developed an ecological approach within an academic framework that stressed rigorous pure research.

ecological policy политика в области экологии, экологическая политика

(2) interested in preserving the environment экологический

ecological group группа экологов / защитников окружающей среды: It is known as one of the country's leading ecological groups. | Ecological groups say that nothing is being done to tackle the problem.

12. irreparable (formal) | irreversible | irretrievable | beyond recall / recovery | beyond / past redemption so bad that it is impossible to change or bring the situation back to a previous condition непоправимый, неисправимый; безвозвратный, невозместимый: This important book was the first to demonstrate that human activity could cause dramatic and irreversible damage to the earth.

irreparable / irreversible / irretrievable harm / damage to the environment | irreparable / irreversible / irretrievable environmental harm / damage непоправимый вред / ущерб окружающей среде: Extensive mining will cause irreparable damage to the area. | The forest suffered irreparable damage as a result of last year's fire. | Unless the oil spill is contained, irreparable damage will be done to the coastline. | Fossil fuels have caused irreversible damage to the environment. | We urge you to ensure the most stringent environmental assessment procedures are followed before any irreversible damage is done.

to pollute / foul sth beyond recall / recovery / redemption наносить непоправимый вред / ущерб: The ground has been polluted beyond recall. | The rivers and lakes are fouled almost beyond recovery by pollutants. | I have no doubt that we are polluting the environment beyond redemption.

13. environmentalist | ecologist [countable] someone who is interested in or studies the environment and who tries to protect it from being damaged by human activities защитник окружающей среды; специалист по проблемам окружающей среды: The change has been sharply criticized by environmentalists. | The reductions have been criticized by environmentalists as not going far enough. | Two decades ago, environmentalists predicted we would run out of certain raw materials. | Environmentalists say the treaty is fundamentally flawed. | Environmentalists were sharply critical of the policy for its failure to encourage conservation. | Environmentalists fear that this is a short-sighted approach to the problem of global warming. | Ecologists argue that the benefits of treating sewage with disinfectants are doubtful. | In the opinion polls the ecologists reached 20 per cent alongside the Socialists earlier in the year. | His campaign attracted the support of feminists, peaceniks and ecologists.

14. ecologist [countable] a scientist who studies the environment and the way plants, animals, and humans live together and affect each other эколог: Economists say the ecosystem is basically healthy; ecologists worry it may be on the verge of being irreparably damaged. | The plan has been dismissed by ecologists as both gimmicky and technically unviable. | These methods are analogous to the energy-centred methods adopted by ecologists.