4.1 Match the verbs with their equivalents.
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A. Read the following statements about radio. Number the statements from 1 to 5: 1= strongly agree, 5= strongly disagree.
Radio is an out-of-date way of receiving news and listening to music.
The quality of radio programmes is higher if the radio is state-funded.
All radio DJs/presenters are waiting for the opportunity to be on TV.
Everybody prefers the TV to the radio.
Young people no longer listen to the radio.
B. In pairs, compare and discuss your answers.
4.3 Complete the definitions (1-11) using in the given words.
Verbs |
Nouns |
People |
to brief to liaise to update
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running order news list debriefing shortlist breaking news packages lead stories |
stringer |
List chosen from a longer list: ________.
Sequence of stories in a radio show ________.
Events that are happening as we speak: ________.
The most important stories: _________.
To give instructions/ information: ________.
Stories to be included in a programme: ________.
Pre-recorded radio items which contain interviews, comments, music, etc.: ________.
A freelance journalist: ________.
Detailed discussion about work that has been done: ________.
To add the most recent information: ________.
To speak to people in order to exchange information with them: ________.
4.4 Complete the text with words from the list.
advertise audience figures broadcast cable and satellite channels commercials listeners standard of programmes stations viewers |
The arrival of __________ TV has meant a huge increase in the number of TV __________ which __________ can watch.
TV channels compete to have the highest __________ (the number of people watching a programme). Private TV channels get their income from companies who pay to show __________ (or adverts) between and during programme to __________ their products. While the variety ofchannels has gone up in recent years, the general __________ (quality) being shown has definitely gone down.
Radio __________ can also choose between many different __________ , many of which __________ 24 hours a day.
4.5 Give examples of these TV programme in your country. Test each other’s memory by defining media words on this page.
documentaries game shows chat shows soap operas dramas comedies reality shows the news the weather forecast sports programmes cartoons phone-ins |
Unit 8 Banking
Lead-in: Financial centre
Focus on reading: Types of banks
Language Focus: Traditional banking
Lead-in
Look at the given pictures. Tell what the pictures describe.
What is your country’s main financial centre? Is it in the capital or another city?
Focus on reading
Types of banks
Read the text and answer the questions.
Private
banks
are banks that are not incorporated. A non-incorporated bank is owned
by either an individual or a general partner. In any such case, the
creditors can look to both the “entirety of the bank’s assets”
as well as the entirety of the sole-proprietor’s/general-partners’
assets.
These banks have a long tradition in Switzerland, dating back to at least the revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685). However most have now become incorporated companies, so the term is rarely true anymore. There are relatively few private banks remaining in the US; but there are a few such as Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., which is a general partnership with about 30 members. This is also true of private banks abroad, Reputable old banks like Hettinger & Cie are truly hard to find.
“Private banks” and “private banking” can also refer to non-government owned banks in general in contrast to government-owned (or nationalized) banks, which were prevalent in communist, socialist and some social democratic (“liberal”) states in the 20th century. Private banks as a form of organization should also not to be confused with “Private banks” that offer financial services to high net worth individuals and others.
An
offshore bank
is a bank located outside the country of residence of the depositor,
typically in a low tax jurisdiction that provides financial and legal
advantages. These advantages typically include:
greater privacy
low or no taxation
easy access
protection against local political or financial instability
While the term originates from the Channel Islands being “offshore” from the United Kingdom, and most offshore banks are located in island nations to this day, the term is used figuratively to refer to such banks regardless of location, including Swiss banks and those of other landlocked nations such as Luxembourg and Andorra.
Offshore banking has often been associated with the underground economy and organized crime, via tax evasion and money laundering; however, legally, offshore banking doesn’t prevent assets from being subject to personal income tax on interest. Except for certain persons who meet fairly complex requirements, the personal income tax, for example, are required to declare on penalty of perjury, any offshore bank accounts – they may have.
An
ethical bank,
also known as social, alternative, civic, or sustainable bank, is a
bank concerned with the social and environmental impacts of its
investments and loans. Ethical banks are part of a larger societal
movement toward more social and environmental responsibility in the
financial sector. This movement includes: ethical investment,
socially responsible investment, corporate social responsibility, and
is also related to such movements as the fair trade movement, ethical
consumerism, boycotting, etc. Ethical banking is a juvenile sector
within this movement. Other areas, such as fair trade, have
comprehensive codes and regulations that all industries that wish to
be certified, as fair trade, must adhere to.
Ethical banking has not developed to this point; because of this it is difficult to create a concrete definition distinguishing exactly what it is that sets an ethical bank apart from conventional banks. Ethical banks are regulated by the same authorities as traditional banks and have to abide by the same rules.
A commercial bank is a type of financial intermediary and a type of bank. Commercial banking is also known as business banking. After the Great Depression, the US Congress required that banks only engage in banking activities, whereas investment banks were limited to capital market activities. As the two no longer have to be under separate ownership under US law, some use the term “commercial bank” to refer to a bank or division of a bank primarily dealing with deposits and loans from corporations or large businesses. In some other jurisdictions, the strict separation of investment and commercial never applied. Commercial banking may also been as distinct from retail banking, which involves the provision of financial services direct to consumers. Many banks offer both commercial and retail banking services.
What have you learned about private banks?
What advantages do offshore banks provide?
Where are most offshore banks located?
What movements do ethical banks include?
What is the difference between commercial and retail banking?