Contents
UNIT 1 Great Britain: history and modern times 3
Part A Reading and Comprehension 3
TexT Great Britain 3
Structural patterns 7
Articles with geographic names 7
Articles with proper nouns 12
Prepositions 15
There is/ there are 17
Syntaxis of a simple sentence in English language 19
REVISION 22
Vocabulary 23
Speaking 37
Listening 38
Text The Role of the UK in the Modern World 39
Vocabulary 42
Speaking 46
Internet Activity 47
History and Religion 48
UNIT 2 The climate in the British Isles. The weather in the UK 50
Part A Reading and Comprehension 50
Text 1 Climate 50
Text 2 The Environment 53
Structural patterns 57
Articles with names of seasons. 57
Articles with names of the day and night. 61
Articles with uncountable nouns. 63
SImple sentences with a compound predicate 65
Verbs and expressions followed by the Gerund 69
pronoun or determiner ‘other’ 70
Paired conjunctions 75
Prepositions (time) 78
REVISION 81
Vocabulary 82
Speaking 101
Listening 101
Part B Reading and Comprehension 104
Text 3 Advancements in Forecasting 104
Vocabulary 108
Internet Activity 119
UNIT 3 London – the capital of Great Britain 120
Part A Reading and Comprehension 120
Text London: the capital of Great Britain. 120
Structural patterns 124
Articles with geographic names 124
Articles with a special group of nouns 128
Names of nationalities 134
Degrees of comparison of adjectives 139
The Article with adjectives in the superlative degree 143
The Article with numerals 145
simple IMPERSONAL sentences 147
REVISION 148
Vocabulary 151
Speaking 171
Listening 174
Part B Reading and Comprehension 175
Text London – The city of Contrasts. 175
Vocabulary 182
Speaking 192
Internet Activity 193
Unit 1 Great Britain: history and modern times
Part a Reading and Comprehension
TexT Great Britain
Great Britain is an island located within the British Isles and it is the ninth largest island in the world and the largest in Europe. It is located to the northwest of continental Europe and it is home to the United Kingdom which includes Scotland, England, Wales and Northern Ireland that is not actually on the island of Great Britain.
Throughout its history, Great Britain was invaded several times. The Roman Legions crossed the dangerous English Channel in 43 AD. They named this wild new province, Britannia and it became a part of the Roman Empire. For some 350 years they controlled and influenced it, until their own Empire collapsed upon itself. Britannia became unprotected. In the beginning and for the next 300 years invaders came from all directions. Then, in 1066, the Normans sailed in from France. William of Normandy won the Battle of Hastings and was crowned William the Conqueror at Westminster in London. The cultural and political development of the area began.
Great Britain's United Kingdom has the third largest economy in Europe. The service and industrial sectors are essential for the economy. Agriculture influences it too. The main industries are machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper products, food processing, textiles and clothing. Agricultural products include are cereals, oilseed, potatoes, vegetables, cattle, sheep, poultry and fish.
Britain is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch. Queen Elizabeth II is head of the State. It is believed that the stability of the British government is supported by the monarchy. Today the Queen is not only the head of State, but also an important symbol of national unity. According to the law the Queen is head of the executive branch of the government, an integral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces of the Crown and the 'supreme governor' of the established Church of England. While that sounds like a lot of responsibility, the real power of the monarchy has been steadily reduced over the years. The Queen is not involved in the day-to-day operation of the government. She is impartial and acts only on the advice of her ministers.
The Queen, Prince Charles and the other members of the royal family take part in traditional ceremonies, visit different parts of Britain and many other countries and are closely involved in the work of many charities.
Parliament
that is Britain's legislature is made up of the House of Commons, the
House of Lords and the Queen in her constitutional role.
The political party system is essential to the working of the constitution. Although the parties are not registered or formally recognized in law, most candidates for election belong to one of the main parties: the Conservative Party, the Labour Party or the Liberal Party. There are a few smaller parties have national and local organizations outside Parliament, and are also represented in local government.
The Government is formed by the party with majority support in the Commons. The Queen appoints its leader as Prime Minister. The Prime Minister appoints about 100 ministers. The Cabinet is the senior group of ministers that make the major policy decisions. It is made up of about 20 ministers. Ministers are collectively responsible for government decisions and individually responsible for their own departments. The second largest party forms the official Opposition, with its own leader and 'shadow cabinet'.
/after Internet sources/
Exercise 1. Provide Russian equivalents for the words and word combinations given below.
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Exercise 2. State whether the statements are true or false. Correct the false statements, if any.
Great Britain is an island.
Great Britain is the largest island in the world.
The major part of the United Kingdom is located on Great Britain.
The United Kingdom includes Scotland, England, Wales and Ireland.
Britain was invaded several times.
The cultural and political development began when William the Conqueror was crowned at Westminster
The service, the industrial sector and the agriculture are essential for the economy.
The Queen is head of the State that is involved in the day-to-day operation of the government
The members of the royal family are closely involved in the work of charities.
The parties are not recognized in law. Most candidates belong to one of the main parties.
The Government is formed by the Commons.
The leader of the party with majority support in the Parliament is appointed as Prime Minister.
Exercise 3. Answer the following questions.
Where is the United Kingdom located?
Where does the name of the country “Great Britain” come from?
Who invaded Great Britain?
When did the Normans invade?
What part did William the Conqueror take in the development of the UK?
What is the state system in Great Britain?
Who is the head of the State?
What role does the Queen play?
What are the main political parties?
How is the Prime Minister appointed?
What is legislature? What is it made up of?
Exercise 4. Restore the parts of the text following the outline where the words and word combinations were used:
Geographical position of the United Kingdom
To be located, the ninth largest, continental Europe, to include,
The history of development
Throughout, to invade, to collapse, to be unprotected, come from all directions, to be crowned, development
The modern economy
To be essential, industry, service, agriculture, equipment
The political system of the UK
The executive branch, the legislative branch, the judiciary, an integral part, the commander-in-chief, day-to-day operations, constitutional role, to be recognized in law, the official Opposition, the English Church, senior ministers,