Вариант 4

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. That bridge was designed by a well-known engineer.

2. The letter has not been posted yet.

3. The children are taught foreign languages at school.

4. The children will be taken better care of.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. The article is much more difficult than the one we translated yesterday.

2. That happened the year when I entered the institute.

3. It was Popov who invented the radio.

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. These shoes will have to be repaired.

2. I am sorry you don’t know my brother. – But I do know him.

3. If we are to remain friends you must tell me the truth.

4. My friend is going to live in this city.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. It is necessary for the documents to be sent off today.

2. They stopped to remove a big stone from the road.

3. His task was to complete the work in time.

4. To determine the density of a body, it is necessary to determine its mass and it volume.

V. Подчеркните в производных словах суффиксы и префиксы и переведите эти слова на русский язык:

1. help	помощь	helpless, helplessly, helplessness
2. care	забота	careful, careless, carefully, carelessly, carefulness, carelessness
3. use	польза	useful, useless, uselessly, usefulness, uselessness
4. glory	слава	glorious, inglorious, glorify
5. law	закон	lawful, unlawful, lawfully, unlawfully, lawless, lawlessly, lawlessness
6. respect	почтение	respectful, unrespectful, respectfully, unrespectfully
7. to suit	подходить	suitable, unsuitable
8. to measure	измерять	to re-measure, measurable, immeasurable, immeasurably
9. to convert	обращать	convertible, inconvertible, convertibility, inconvertibility
10. to obtain	добывать	obtainable, unobtainable
11. to rely	полагаться	reliable, unreliable

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 3

Houses

1. The Romans, in turn, learned much from the Greeks. First of all they borrowed the slanting roof and the columns. But they added the arch, thus adding much strength and beauty to their buildings. In Ancient Russia architecture flourished for the first time in Kiev Russ. Unfortunately only a few of the church buildings of that period have remained, among them the famous Cathedral of St Sophia, the cornerstone of which was laid in 1037 to commemorate the victory over the Pechenegs. The churches of that time were strong buildings with thick walls and small windows. They often had to serve as fortresses against enemy invasions. During the Second World War the finest ancient architectural monuments were destroyed and great effort has gone into restoring them.

In the Middle Ages in Europe numerous wars between different nations caused great damages to the houses of crowded Medieval towns. Therefore many monarchs and nobles built castles as a form of defence. Those castles had very strong walls, narrow windows and projecting fortifications.

2. The Renaissance, which was a European movement, lasted roughly from the 14th to the 17th century. During this period, arts and sciences underwent great changes. In architecture these changes were marked by a return to classical forms and proportions of ancient Roman buildings.

Buildings of the 19th century are characterized by the use of new materials and by a great diversity of architectural styles. From the end of the 18th century iron and steel became widely used as alternatives to wood, for by that time many countries experienced shortage of this material. Later the Industrial Revolution brought mass-production of building parts which were manufactured at a factory and then simply assembled at a site.

3. The 20th century is notable for widespread use of steel - reinforced concrete. Huge reinforced concrete units manufactured in heated factory premises are brought to the site which becomes something like an assembly shop. This technique has many advantages over other building methods. First of all it cuts the labour needed for building by 60 to 70% and extends the building season what is very important for countries where winter lasts.

VII. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. When were the finest ancient architectural monuments destroyed?

2. How long did the Renaissance which was a European movement last?

3. How are buildings of the 19^th century characterized?

4. What technique has many advantages over other building methods?