- •Entry test 1
- •Укажите правильный вариант временных форм глаголов в скобках:
- •Выберите правильный артикль:
- •Выберите правильный предлог:
- •Выберите соответствующее местоимение:
- •Выберите правильный вариант перевода следующих предложений:
- •I. Improve your word power.
- •Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •Remember the words:
- •The passive voice
- •1. Study the general models of the Passive constructions. Say what tenses are used and translate into Russian:
- •III. Reading Comprehension.
- •1. Read the text, find all sentences with Passive Voice and translate them. Building materials
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •High scale of construction
- •Improve your word power.
- •Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words.
- •Lime and sand
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •Housebuilding combine
- •2. Read and translate into Russian using a dictionary. Egyptian pyramids
- •Improve Your Word Power.
- •Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words.
- •Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms:
- •Arrange the following in pairs of antonyms:
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •Comprehension and Word Study.
- •Fill in the blanks with one of the following prepositions: of, in, to, according, into, between, from.
- •Where did primitive people look for protection?
- •Put the following sentences of the text in a chronological order.
- •I. Improve your word power.
- •1. Read the words. Put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •4. Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •7. Arrange the following in pairs of antonyms:
- •1. Read and translate the text: cement
- •7. Fill in the blanks with one of the following prepositions: due to, of, to, in, on, by.
- •2. Write 10 questions to the text.
- •3. Read and translate into Russian:
- •Improve Your Word Power.
- •Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •1. Pay attention to the different forms of the infinitive and their meaning.
- •2. Read and translate the sentences in which the Infinitive is used as:
- •3. Look for the Complex Object and translate the sentences.
- •4. Look for the Complex Subject. Translate the sentences.
- •5. Translate the sentences with Infinitive:
- •III. Reading Comprehension.
- •Read and translate the text: types of portland cement
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Comprehension and Word Study.
- •Translate into Russian:
- •Translate into English:
- •White cement
- •Pozzuolana
- •I. Improve your word power.
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •3. Form the adjectives from the following nouns with the help of the suffixes: -ic, -ive, -ous, -cy, -ness, -ing, -tion.
- •II. Reading Comprehension.
- •1. Read and translate the text “Classes of cement”.
- •Progress test 2
- •2. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов:
- •3. Определите, соответствуют ли следующие утверждения действительности. Поставьте знаки t (True – верно ) или f (False – неверно ).
- •Entry test
- •Выберите правильную форму в следующих предложениях:
- •Поставьте слова в правильном порядке:
- •Укажите правильный вариант перевода подчеркнутых грамматических явлений:
- •I. Improve Your Word Power.
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words.
- •2. Study your active vocabulary:
- •4. Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •II. Reading Comprehension.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Comprehension and Word Study.
- •1. Remember what Russian words have the same roots as English ones, match equivalents on the right:
- •The participle
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the forms and functions of the Participle:
- •Insert the appropriate form of the Participle from brackets; translate the sentences.
- •Lime mortar
- •2. Write 10 questions to the text.
- •3. Read and translate into Russian.
- •I. Improve your word power:
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •4. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms:
- •6. Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •II. Reading Comprehension:
- •Read and trandlate the text properties of mortar
- •Answer the following questions:
- •III. Comprehension and Word Study.
- •Ask questions to all points of the following sentence:
- •2. Ask questions to the following sentences in pairs. Use the expressions: I wonder, I want to know, as far as I know, in fact, it’s hard to say, to my mind, in my opinion, I believe, I suppose.
- •Make the sentences interrogative and give short answers:
- •Translate into Russian paying attention to the Nominative absolute Participial Constructions:
- •Special kinds of heavy concrete.
- •I. Improve your word power:
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •1. Read and translate the sentences in which the Gerund is used as:
- •2. Point out the gerunds; translate the sentences:
- •III. Reading Comprehension.
- •Read and translate the text: concrete
- •4. Ask questions to the following sentences in pairs. Use the expressions: I wonder, as far as I know, in fact, it is hard to say, to my mind, I believe, I suppose.
- •5. Say whether it is true or false:
- •VI. Supplementary Reading.
- •1. Read and retell the text: water
- •Water in cement
- •I. Improve your word power:
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •4. Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •II. Reading Comprehension:
- •III. Comprehension and Word Study.
- •1. Make up sentences with the following word-combinations:
- •2. Translate the following word combinations into English:
- •Gas concrete
- •I. Improve your word power:
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •4. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •5. Chose the adjectives from column 2 to the nouns in column 1:
- •Aggregate
- •3. State what part of speech the –ing forms in bold type belong to ; translate the sentences:
- •Colour of aggregate
- •I. Improve your word power:
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •Reinforced concrete
- •Bonding new concrete to old
- •2. Answer the following questions to the topic:
- •Vocabulary
1. Read and translate the sentences in which the Gerund is used as:
1) subject (подлежащее);
- Reading such books is necessary.
- Using concrete without cement is impossible.
2) part of a predicate (часть сказуемого);
- Seeing is believing.
- The young scientist began experimenting.
3) direct object (прямое дополнение);
- He likes reading about new building materials.
- He remembers being shown this project.
4) indirect object (косвенное дополнение);
- He insisted on adopting a new plan.
- They succeeded in solving the problem.
5) attribute (определение);
- We discussed different methods of manufacturing Portland cement.
- This new mixer is used for mixing concrete.
6) adverbial modifier (обстоятельство);
- Without knowing the result we can’t draw a conclusion.
- We were able to carry out various digging operations by using a powerful crane.
2. Point out the gerunds; translate the sentences:
1. A beam of such material would fail under fairly light loads owing to the tensile stresses due to bending. 2. When a beam is bent, due to the application of a constant bending moment without being subjected to shear, it is said to be in a state of simple bending. 3. A beam of uniform section is shown resting in the unloaded state. 4. The fibers at one side of the beam will be shortened owing to the state of compression existing. 5. Such elements such as excavation procedure, concrete handling, dredging, or making sand from rock require careful consideration in the light of past experience. 6. Further improvements were made under actual operating conditions and resulted in a very satisfactory type of structure. 7. On a large dam project the topography of the site is one of the controlling factors in determining the construction procedure. 8. The matter isn’t pressing. I can wait for it being discussed at the next meeting.
III. Reading Comprehension.
Read and translate the text: concrete
Concrete is the most common building material for modern construction practice. It consists of cement used as a binding agent and aggregate, for example crushed stone and sand. These components are mixed with water. The cement is hardening and thus making the particles of the aggregate adhere close to each other. The setting and hardening of concrete are due to chemical reactions between the cement and mixing water. Fixed limiting means, in most cases formwork, are used to shape the building unit according to the plan. The concrete is filled into the formwork immediately after mixing and is then compacted. The formwork can be removed as soon as the concrete has become hard enough.
Concrete is suitable for various applications in building because different properties can be imposed to it by an appropriate selection and composition of the basic materials and by using special admixtures and methods of fabrication.
Good concrete is influenced by the following factors:
1. Cement, which should be of superlative quality.
2. Aggregate, which should be carefully selected, graded and proportioned.
3. Water-cement ratio. Surplus water weakens the strength of the concrete.
4. Workmanship in mixing, placing and finishing the concrete.
5. Curing, the proper time during which the concrete is kept humid in order that the setting and hardening processes may complete themselves under favourable conditions.
Notes to the text:
-
1. due to
благодаря
2. in most cases
в большинстве случаев
3. according to
согласно
4. as soon as
как только
5. in order to
для того, чтобы
6. under favourable conditions
при благоприятных условиях
Answer the following questions:
1. What does concrete consist of? 2. What is aggregate? 3. What happens between the cement and mixing water? 4. Why is concrete suitable for various applications? 5. How many factors influence concrete? 6. Cement should be of superlative quality, shouldn’t it? 7. What is curing?
IV. Comprehension and Word Study.
1. Translate into English:
Строительные материалы, современное строительство, вяжущие материи, измельченный камень и песок, химическая реакция, схватывание и твердение, опалубка, в соответствии с планом, различные использования, соответствующий отбор, превосходное качество, избыток воды, смешивание, укладка, обработка.
2. Put all possible questions to the following sentence:
Concrete is suitable for various applications in building because different properties can be imposed to it by an appropriate selection and composition of the basic materials and by using special admixtures and methods of fabrication.
3. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the words with “-ing” endings.
1. Concrete may be made on a building site. 2. Concrete may be used as the material for making prefabricated units in a factory. 3. The rapid-hardening types of cement give the concrete high early strength. 4. There is an increasing tendency to use lightweight varieties of concrete. 5. After setting concrete may carry loads. 6. It is possible to increase hardening by mixing a small proportion of calcium chloride with cement.