- •Entry test 1
- •Укажите правильный вариант временных форм глаголов в скобках:
- •Выберите правильный артикль:
- •Выберите правильный предлог:
- •Выберите соответствующее местоимение:
- •Выберите правильный вариант перевода следующих предложений:
- •I. Improve your word power.
- •Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •Remember the words:
- •The passive voice
- •1. Study the general models of the Passive constructions. Say what tenses are used and translate into Russian:
- •III. Reading Comprehension.
- •1. Read the text, find all sentences with Passive Voice and translate them. Building materials
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •High scale of construction
- •Improve your word power.
- •Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words.
- •Lime and sand
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •Housebuilding combine
- •2. Read and translate into Russian using a dictionary. Egyptian pyramids
- •Improve Your Word Power.
- •Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words.
- •Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms:
- •Arrange the following in pairs of antonyms:
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •Comprehension and Word Study.
- •Fill in the blanks with one of the following prepositions: of, in, to, according, into, between, from.
- •Where did primitive people look for protection?
- •Put the following sentences of the text in a chronological order.
- •I. Improve your word power.
- •1. Read the words. Put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •4. Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •7. Arrange the following in pairs of antonyms:
- •1. Read and translate the text: cement
- •7. Fill in the blanks with one of the following prepositions: due to, of, to, in, on, by.
- •2. Write 10 questions to the text.
- •3. Read and translate into Russian:
- •Improve Your Word Power.
- •Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •1. Pay attention to the different forms of the infinitive and their meaning.
- •2. Read and translate the sentences in which the Infinitive is used as:
- •3. Look for the Complex Object and translate the sentences.
- •4. Look for the Complex Subject. Translate the sentences.
- •5. Translate the sentences with Infinitive:
- •III. Reading Comprehension.
- •Read and translate the text: types of portland cement
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Comprehension and Word Study.
- •Translate into Russian:
- •Translate into English:
- •White cement
- •Pozzuolana
- •I. Improve your word power.
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •3. Form the adjectives from the following nouns with the help of the suffixes: -ic, -ive, -ous, -cy, -ness, -ing, -tion.
- •II. Reading Comprehension.
- •1. Read and translate the text “Classes of cement”.
- •Progress test 2
- •2. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов:
- •3. Определите, соответствуют ли следующие утверждения действительности. Поставьте знаки t (True – верно ) или f (False – неверно ).
- •Entry test
- •Выберите правильную форму в следующих предложениях:
- •Поставьте слова в правильном порядке:
- •Укажите правильный вариант перевода подчеркнутых грамматических явлений:
- •I. Improve Your Word Power.
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words.
- •2. Study your active vocabulary:
- •4. Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •II. Reading Comprehension.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Comprehension and Word Study.
- •1. Remember what Russian words have the same roots as English ones, match equivalents on the right:
- •The participle
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the forms and functions of the Participle:
- •Insert the appropriate form of the Participle from brackets; translate the sentences.
- •Lime mortar
- •2. Write 10 questions to the text.
- •3. Read and translate into Russian.
- •I. Improve your word power:
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •4. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms:
- •6. Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •II. Reading Comprehension:
- •Read and trandlate the text properties of mortar
- •Answer the following questions:
- •III. Comprehension and Word Study.
- •Ask questions to all points of the following sentence:
- •2. Ask questions to the following sentences in pairs. Use the expressions: I wonder, I want to know, as far as I know, in fact, it’s hard to say, to my mind, in my opinion, I believe, I suppose.
- •Make the sentences interrogative and give short answers:
- •Translate into Russian paying attention to the Nominative absolute Participial Constructions:
- •Special kinds of heavy concrete.
- •I. Improve your word power:
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •1. Read and translate the sentences in which the Gerund is used as:
- •2. Point out the gerunds; translate the sentences:
- •III. Reading Comprehension.
- •Read and translate the text: concrete
- •4. Ask questions to the following sentences in pairs. Use the expressions: I wonder, as far as I know, in fact, it is hard to say, to my mind, I believe, I suppose.
- •5. Say whether it is true or false:
- •VI. Supplementary Reading.
- •1. Read and retell the text: water
- •Water in cement
- •I. Improve your word power:
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •4. Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •II. Reading Comprehension:
- •III. Comprehension and Word Study.
- •1. Make up sentences with the following word-combinations:
- •2. Translate the following word combinations into English:
- •Gas concrete
- •I. Improve your word power:
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •4. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •5. Chose the adjectives from column 2 to the nouns in column 1:
- •Aggregate
- •3. State what part of speech the –ing forms in bold type belong to ; translate the sentences:
- •Colour of aggregate
- •I. Improve your word power:
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •Reinforced concrete
- •Bonding new concrete to old
- •2. Answer the following questions to the topic:
- •Vocabulary
6. Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
Apply – application; able – ability – unable; adhere – adherent – adhesive – adhesiveness; shrink – shrinkage; measure – measurement; strong – strength; company – accompany; brick – bricklayer – brickwork.
II. Reading Comprehension:
Read and trandlate the text properties of mortar
Ingredients. – Mortar consists, in general, of four ingredients: cement, lime, sand and water. The proportions of the first three are variable, and depend upon the will of the builder. The percentage of water used is fixed by narrow limits according to the composition of the mortar and the consistency desired. A mortar having a high content of cement is characterized by high strength and a short time of set; it is fairly workable and shrinks on drying. A mortar having a high content of lime will have less strength, will be slower in setting, will be more plastic, but will show more shrinkage. A mortar with a high sand content results in low strength and poor workability, but gives the mortar a low shrinkage. Too much water may permit easier application of a mortar, but the strength will be impaired. The evaporation of this water may be accompanied by considerable shrinkage, or the mortar may be very porous.
Mortar for masonry should be fairly plastic, for this enables the bricklayer to spread out a longer bed and to “butter” the brick more easily. Lime gives the mortar plasticity and cement gives it the ability to set quickly. Lime should be entirely omitted from mortars that are likely to be exposed to the action of sea water. All mortar ingredients should be carefully measured in containers of known volume. Measurement of materials with barrows or shovels is simply guesswork. Measurement by weight is very desirable but usually not practicable on a job.
Sand content. – From numerous laboratory tests and as a result of natural experience on job with various types of mortar, there is presumably an optimum sand content, which results in maximum consistency and plasticity of the mortar. For strength a mortar should consist of one unit of Portland cement to three similar units of sand. Where strength is not paramount, an ideal mortar for brickwork is composed of one part of Portland cement, one part of lime putty, and six parts of sand. For natural cement mortar (brick mortar) three parts of sand should be added to one part of cement.
Adhesiveness. – It is a well-known fact that the use of lime in cement mortar increases the adhesiveness of the mortar to the brick. The outstanding property of Portland cement mortar is its cohesiveness. As lime is added, the adhesiveness of the mortar to the brick increases and the cohesiveness of the mortar decreases. Lime and lime-cement mortars are more plastic than other mortars and adhere better to the structural units.
Answer the following questions:
What are the ingredients of a mortar? 2. What ingredients are variable? 3. What is characteristic of mortar having: a) a high content of cement; b) a high content of lime; c) a high content of sand? 4. What impairs the strength of a mortar? 5. Why should all mortar ingredients be carefully measured? 6. What results in consistency and plasticity of a mortar? 7. How may the mortar be produced? 8. What are adhesiveness and cohesiveness of a mortar?