I. Improve your word power.

1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:

Cement, chemical, metal, engineer, material, natural, characteristic, result, member, construction, combine, product, architect.

2. Remember the words:

Divide, use, make, stone, require, change, know, achieve, secondary, wall, comfortable.

3. Study your active vocabulary:

artificial	искусственный
bearing	несущий
building	строительный, здание, строящийся
binding	вяжущий
clay	глина
lime	известь
precast	сборный (заранее отлитый)
prefabricated	предварительно изготовленный или сборный (заводским способом)
timber	древесина
gypsum	гипс
insulating	изоляционный
plaster	штукатурка

4. Match English equivalents for the following word combinations on the left and learn them:

1) предварительно изготовленный элемент	1) artificial building material
2) увеличение прочности	2) to achieve good results
3) бетонная конструкция	3) a bearing element
4) химические характеристики	4) chemical characteristics
5) несущий элемент	5) concrete construction
6) вяжущий материал	6) to combine elements
7) достигнуть хороших результатов	7) an increase of strength
8) искусственный строительный материал	8) main building materials
9) соединять элементы	9) a precast member
10) основные строительные материалы	10) prefabricated member
11) предварительно отлитый элемент	11) binding material

5. Form all possible combinations and translate them:

A. artificial

Main, secondary, binding, bearing, different, following, timber, chief, chemical, building, structural

B. building materials

Member, element, unit, characteristecs, groups, wall.

6. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms:

1) demand; 2) up-to-date; 3) construction; 4) to speed up; 5) natural; 6) great; 7) chief; 8) to join; 9) to produce; 10) unit; 11) artificial; 12) large; 13) main; 14) to connect; 15) to make; 16) modern; 17) requirement; 18) building; 19) member; 20) to accelerate.

7. Arrange the following in pairs of antonyms:

1) small; 2) light; 3) to slow down; 4) few; 5) heavy; 6) new; 7) large; 8) up-to-date; 9) to dismantle; 10) out-of-date; 11) to assemble; 12) to speed up; 13) old; 14) many.

II. Grammar Focus.

Passive Voice

- We use an active verb to say what the subject does:

My grandfather was a builder. He built this house in 1930.

- We use Passive Voice to say what happens to the subject:

This house is too old. It was built in 1930.

- When we use Passive, who or what causes the action is often unknown or unimportant:

A lot of cement was stolen. This house was built in 1930.

- If we want to say who does or what causes the action, we use by:

This house was built by my grandfather.

- The Passive is be (is/ was/ have been, etc.) + past participle (done/ cleaned/ seen, etc.)