- •Entry test 1
- •Укажите правильный вариант временных форм глаголов в скобках:
- •Выберите правильный артикль:
- •Выберите правильный предлог:
- •Выберите соответствующее местоимение:
- •Выберите правильный вариант перевода следующих предложений:
- •I. Improve your word power.
- •Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •Remember the words:
- •The passive voice
- •1. Study the general models of the Passive constructions. Say what tenses are used and translate into Russian:
- •III. Reading Comprehension.
- •1. Read the text, find all sentences with Passive Voice and translate them. Building materials
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •High scale of construction
- •Improve your word power.
- •Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words.
- •Lime and sand
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •Housebuilding combine
- •2. Read and translate into Russian using a dictionary. Egyptian pyramids
- •Improve Your Word Power.
- •Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words.
- •Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms:
- •Arrange the following in pairs of antonyms:
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •Comprehension and Word Study.
- •Fill in the blanks with one of the following prepositions: of, in, to, according, into, between, from.
- •Where did primitive people look for protection?
- •Put the following sentences of the text in a chronological order.
- •I. Improve your word power.
- •1. Read the words. Put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •4. Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •7. Arrange the following in pairs of antonyms:
- •1. Read and translate the text: cement
- •7. Fill in the blanks with one of the following prepositions: due to, of, to, in, on, by.
- •2. Write 10 questions to the text.
- •3. Read and translate into Russian:
- •Improve Your Word Power.
- •Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •1. Pay attention to the different forms of the infinitive and their meaning.
- •2. Read and translate the sentences in which the Infinitive is used as:
- •3. Look for the Complex Object and translate the sentences.
- •4. Look for the Complex Subject. Translate the sentences.
- •5. Translate the sentences with Infinitive:
- •III. Reading Comprehension.
- •Read and translate the text: types of portland cement
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Comprehension and Word Study.
- •Translate into Russian:
- •Translate into English:
- •White cement
- •Pozzuolana
- •I. Improve your word power.
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •3. Form the adjectives from the following nouns with the help of the suffixes: -ic, -ive, -ous, -cy, -ness, -ing, -tion.
- •II. Reading Comprehension.
- •1. Read and translate the text “Classes of cement”.
- •Progress test 2
- •2. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов:
- •3. Определите, соответствуют ли следующие утверждения действительности. Поставьте знаки t (True – верно ) или f (False – неверно ).
- •Entry test
- •Выберите правильную форму в следующих предложениях:
- •Поставьте слова в правильном порядке:
- •Укажите правильный вариант перевода подчеркнутых грамматических явлений:
- •I. Improve Your Word Power.
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words.
- •2. Study your active vocabulary:
- •4. Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •II. Reading Comprehension.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Comprehension and Word Study.
- •1. Remember what Russian words have the same roots as English ones, match equivalents on the right:
- •The participle
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the forms and functions of the Participle:
- •Insert the appropriate form of the Participle from brackets; translate the sentences.
- •Lime mortar
- •2. Write 10 questions to the text.
- •3. Read and translate into Russian.
- •I. Improve your word power:
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •4. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms:
- •6. Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •II. Reading Comprehension:
- •Read and trandlate the text properties of mortar
- •Answer the following questions:
- •III. Comprehension and Word Study.
- •Ask questions to all points of the following sentence:
- •2. Ask questions to the following sentences in pairs. Use the expressions: I wonder, I want to know, as far as I know, in fact, it’s hard to say, to my mind, in my opinion, I believe, I suppose.
- •Make the sentences interrogative and give short answers:
- •Translate into Russian paying attention to the Nominative absolute Participial Constructions:
- •Special kinds of heavy concrete.
- •I. Improve your word power:
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •1. Read and translate the sentences in which the Gerund is used as:
- •2. Point out the gerunds; translate the sentences:
- •III. Reading Comprehension.
- •Read and translate the text: concrete
- •4. Ask questions to the following sentences in pairs. Use the expressions: I wonder, as far as I know, in fact, it is hard to say, to my mind, I believe, I suppose.
- •5. Say whether it is true or false:
- •VI. Supplementary Reading.
- •1. Read and retell the text: water
- •Water in cement
- •I. Improve your word power:
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •4. Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •II. Reading Comprehension:
- •III. Comprehension and Word Study.
- •1. Make up sentences with the following word-combinations:
- •2. Translate the following word combinations into English:
- •Gas concrete
- •I. Improve your word power:
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •4. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •5. Chose the adjectives from column 2 to the nouns in column 1:
- •Aggregate
- •3. State what part of speech the –ing forms in bold type belong to ; translate the sentences:
- •Colour of aggregate
- •I. Improve your word power:
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •Reinforced concrete
- •Bonding new concrete to old
- •2. Answer the following questions to the topic:
- •Vocabulary
II. Reading Comprehension.
1. Read and translate the text “Classes of cement”.
CLASSES OF CEMENT
Portland Cement. Portland cement, as defined in the British Standard Specification, is the product obtained by intimately mixing together calcareous and argillaceous, or other silica, alumina, and iron oxide-bearing materials, burning them at clinkering temperature, and grinding the resulting clinker.
Natural Cement. Natural cement is obtained by burning a natural clayey limestone that contains 15 to 40 per cent of silica, alumina, end iron oxide without preliminary mixing and grinding. After burning the burned mass will not slake if water is poured on it. It is necessary, therefore, to pulverize it, after which the resulting powder will harden rapidly when mixed with water. This hardening, or setting, will take place under water or in air (the property to harden under water is termed hydraulic property).
Portland and natural cements are not of themselves impervious materials. The effectiveness of Portland cement depends on the degree to which it hydrates or combines with water. Various admixtures have been recommended to densify, to promote hydration, etc. Many of them are guaranteed to act as water repellents and some are even offered as waterproof.
Super Cement. Today super cement is offered as an improved Portland cement that is inherently waterproof. Super cement was discovered by an English investigator in 1914. It is produced from standard Portland cement and is manufactured in the same manner as Portland cement up to the grinding of the clinker. At this point a portion of the raw gypsum is ordinary added.
Specific Gravity Of Cement. This is determined by immersing a known weight of cement in a liquid, that will not act upon it and obtaining the volume of the liquid displaced. The latter is obtained by means of a glass bulb having a graduated stem, the rise of the liquid in the tube indicating the volume of the cement introduced. The specific gravity is equal to the weight of the cement in grams divided by the displaced volume in cubic centimeters.
2. Answer the following questions:
1. What is Portland cement obtained by mixing, burning, grinding. 2. How is natural cement obtained? Burning, without mixing and grinding, pulverizing. 3. What is super cement? Improved P. C., waterproof, discovered in 1914, produced from … . 4. What is common and different between P. C., natural and super cement? 5. How is Specific Gravity determined? Immersing, liquid, to act, displaced.
III. Comprehension and Word Study.
1. Look through the text again, find all sentences with infinitive and translate them.
2. Say whether it is true or false:
1) Natural cement is obtained by burning a natural clacy limestone. 2) After burning the burnt mass will slake if water is poured on it. 3) Portland and natural cements are themselves impervious materials. 4) Various admixtures are guaranteed to act as water repellents and some are offered as waterproof. 5) Super cement is obtained by adding a portion of the raw gypsum to Portland cement after grinding of cement clinker. 6) Specific gravity of cement is determined by immersing a known weight of cement in sand.
3. Translate into English:
Продукт, полученный при тщательном смешивании; обжигая их при клинкерной температуре; измельчая полученный клинкер; природный глинистый известняк; без предварительного смешивания и измельчения; быстро твердеть; эффективность зависит от; различные примеси; обычно добавляется; определяется погружением в жидкость.
IV. Post-reading activities:
1. Discuss with your partner the text “Classes of cement”.
2. Be ready to speak about “Classes of cement”.
V. Supplementary Reading.
Read and translate into Russian:
HOW NATURAL CEMENT IS MADE.
The rock is taken from a mine. Pillar-and-room methods are used in the mines. The rock is drilled with jackhammers and blasted out. The rock is loaded into side-dump V-shaped cars and hauled by gasoline locomotives to the kilns for calcining. The kilns vertical shafts, 40 ft. high by 10 ft. in diameter. There are 25 of them, each with a capacity of 90 tons of stone. Stone and pulverized coal are charged at the top of the kiln known as a vertical-drawn kiln, mixed-feed type, in alternate layers.
The calcined rock is drawn from the bottom of the kilns, handpicked, and wheeled to crushers that reduce it to sizes 3/8 in. and finer. The crushed clinker is elevated to bins up above an areal tramway. Here a hopper empties a load of clinker automatically to each tramway car as it passes. The tramway, composed of 15 steel cars riding on steel cables, which are supported by 60 ft. towers, automatically discharges 12 cu. ft. of material every minute at the mill. The mill is 2,500 ft. from the kilns and 230 ft. above their elevation.
The material is emptied into bins, whence it is fed and proportioned by poidometer belts. At this point retarders and water repellents are added. The retarders are added to control the set; in winter it is necessary to have a fairly rapid set to prevent freezing; in summer it is necessary to prepare the cement to resist the too rapid drying out usually associated with highly absorbent, hot bricks. Stearate compound prevents leaky masonry and eliminates efflorescence.
At this stage the material is ready for preliminary grinding in tube mills. These reduce the material to micron sizes, which is one of the factors in producing plastic cement.
The finished cement is elevated and conveyed to storage silos.
Answer these questions:
1) How many groups are all building materials divided into? What are they? 2) What do you know about hydraulic lime? 3) What sands are suitable and unsuitable for mortar? Why? 4) What groups of cement do you know? What do they consist of and how are they made? 5) What types of Portland cement do you know? What is the difference between ordinary Portland cement and white Portland cement? What do you know about Portland blast-furnace and high-alumina cements? 6) Are Portland and natural cements of themselves impervious materials? What is added to densify, to promote hydration and to make them water repellent and waterproof? How is super cement produced?