- •Entry test 1
- •Укажите правильный вариант временных форм глаголов в скобках:
- •Выберите правильный артикль:
- •Выберите правильный предлог:
- •Выберите соответствующее местоимение:
- •Выберите правильный вариант перевода следующих предложений:
- •I. Improve your word power.
- •Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •Remember the words:
- •The passive voice
- •1. Study the general models of the Passive constructions. Say what tenses are used and translate into Russian:
- •III. Reading Comprehension.
- •1. Read the text, find all sentences with Passive Voice and translate them. Building materials
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •High scale of construction
- •Improve your word power.
- •Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words.
- •Lime and sand
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •Housebuilding combine
- •2. Read and translate into Russian using a dictionary. Egyptian pyramids
- •Improve Your Word Power.
- •Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words.
- •Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms:
- •Arrange the following in pairs of antonyms:
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •Comprehension and Word Study.
- •Fill in the blanks with one of the following prepositions: of, in, to, according, into, between, from.
- •Where did primitive people look for protection?
- •Put the following sentences of the text in a chronological order.
- •I. Improve your word power.
- •1. Read the words. Put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •4. Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •7. Arrange the following in pairs of antonyms:
- •1. Read and translate the text: cement
- •7. Fill in the blanks with one of the following prepositions: due to, of, to, in, on, by.
- •2. Write 10 questions to the text.
- •3. Read and translate into Russian:
- •Improve Your Word Power.
- •Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •1. Pay attention to the different forms of the infinitive and their meaning.
- •2. Read and translate the sentences in which the Infinitive is used as:
- •3. Look for the Complex Object and translate the sentences.
- •4. Look for the Complex Subject. Translate the sentences.
- •5. Translate the sentences with Infinitive:
- •III. Reading Comprehension.
- •Read and translate the text: types of portland cement
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Comprehension and Word Study.
- •Translate into Russian:
- •Translate into English:
- •White cement
- •Pozzuolana
- •I. Improve your word power.
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •3. Form the adjectives from the following nouns with the help of the suffixes: -ic, -ive, -ous, -cy, -ness, -ing, -tion.
- •II. Reading Comprehension.
- •1. Read and translate the text “Classes of cement”.
- •Progress test 2
- •2. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов:
- •3. Определите, соответствуют ли следующие утверждения действительности. Поставьте знаки t (True – верно ) или f (False – неверно ).
- •Entry test
- •Выберите правильную форму в следующих предложениях:
- •Поставьте слова в правильном порядке:
- •Укажите правильный вариант перевода подчеркнутых грамматических явлений:
- •I. Improve Your Word Power.
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words.
- •2. Study your active vocabulary:
- •4. Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •II. Reading Comprehension.
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Comprehension and Word Study.
- •1. Remember what Russian words have the same roots as English ones, match equivalents on the right:
- •The participle
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the forms and functions of the Participle:
- •Insert the appropriate form of the Participle from brackets; translate the sentences.
- •Lime mortar
- •2. Write 10 questions to the text.
- •3. Read and translate into Russian.
- •I. Improve your word power:
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •4. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms:
- •6. Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •II. Reading Comprehension:
- •Read and trandlate the text properties of mortar
- •Answer the following questions:
- •III. Comprehension and Word Study.
- •Ask questions to all points of the following sentence:
- •2. Ask questions to the following sentences in pairs. Use the expressions: I wonder, I want to know, as far as I know, in fact, it’s hard to say, to my mind, in my opinion, I believe, I suppose.
- •Make the sentences interrogative and give short answers:
- •Translate into Russian paying attention to the Nominative absolute Participial Constructions:
- •Special kinds of heavy concrete.
- •I. Improve your word power:
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •1. Read and translate the sentences in which the Gerund is used as:
- •2. Point out the gerunds; translate the sentences:
- •III. Reading Comprehension.
- •Read and translate the text: concrete
- •4. Ask questions to the following sentences in pairs. Use the expressions: I wonder, as far as I know, in fact, it is hard to say, to my mind, I believe, I suppose.
- •5. Say whether it is true or false:
- •VI. Supplementary Reading.
- •1. Read and retell the text: water
- •Water in cement
- •I. Improve your word power:
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •4. Translate the following groups of words into Russian:
- •II. Reading Comprehension:
- •III. Comprehension and Word Study.
- •1. Make up sentences with the following word-combinations:
- •2. Translate the following word combinations into English:
- •Gas concrete
- •I. Improve your word power:
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •4. Translate the following words into Russian:
- •5. Chose the adjectives from column 2 to the nouns in column 1:
- •Aggregate
- •3. State what part of speech the –ing forms in bold type belong to ; translate the sentences:
- •Colour of aggregate
- •I. Improve your word power:
- •1. Read the words, put the right stress and guess the meaning of the words:
- •Reinforced concrete
- •Bonding new concrete to old
- •2. Answer the following questions to the topic:
- •Vocabulary
Answer the following questions:
1) What is tensile strength of Portland cement in a day and in three days? 2) What is the compressive strength of Portland cement in a day and in three days? 3) What is the initial and final setting time? 4) Is rapid-hardening cement employed in cold weather? 5) What is the composition of Portland blast-furnace cement? 6) Which colour is high alumina cement? 7) What does high alumina cement contain?
Comprehension and Word Study.
Translate into Russian:
Strength, compressive strength, ultimate, ultimate tensile stress, early stages of hydration, more expensive, to pass to a ball mill for thorough incorporation, fine grinding.
Translate into English:
Сравнительная быстрота, первоначальное схватывание, менее подвержен чем, схватываться примерно с той же скоростью, получать прочность очень быстро благодаря химической активности, он требует очень влажных условий выдерживания.
Say whether it is true or false:
1) The initial setting time is less than 50 minutes and the final setting time is more than 30 minutes. 2) The colour of white cement is due to the raw materials used and special precaution taken in its production. 3) White Portland cement is more expensive than ordinary cement. 4) Portland blast-furnace cement is used for ornamental purposes. 5) High alumina cement sets at about the same rate as Portland cement, but gains strength very slowly. 6) High alumina cement requires very wet curing conditions.
4. Complete the following sentences:
1. The initial setting time is not less than five minutes and the final setting time … . 2. The chemical composition and chemical characteristics of white Portland cement are similar to … . 3. Portland blast- furnace cement is a mixture of … . 4. This cement sets at about the same rate as Portland cement, but … . 5. Owing to the chemical activity after hardening, it requires …
Post-reading Activities.
Discuss with your partner the text “Types of Portland Cement”.
Be ready to speak about “Types of Portland Cement”.
Supplementary Reading.
Read and translate the text y, write 10 questions to the text.
White cement
White (nonstaining) cement is made from the raw materials as standard Portland cement, carefully selected, however, for their very low iron oxide content. It is made by the same process as standard Portland cement.
Ordinarily, the low iron oxide content would make a quick-setting cement, but this is overcome by the use of higher content of silica and lower lime content. White Portland cement hardens at a slightly slower rate than standard gray Portland.
Pozzuolana
Pozzuolana is a volcanic clay, or tuff, consisting of clay and gravel and containing approximately 35 per cent of soluble silica, which, when mixed with burned lime and water, bonds with the lime and forms a cement capable of resisting the action of water.
The ancient Romans, who practiced building in the water to a great extent, discovered a material which, when incorporated with lime, either with or without sand, possessed the property of hardening very rapidly, even under water. This was a kind of earth found at Puteoli (the modern Pozzuoli), to which was given “pozzuolana”.
A substance called tarrass (terras or trass) found near Andernach, in the vicinity of the Rhine, possesses the same quality as pozzuolana. It is this material that has been principally used by the Dutch, whose subaqueous structures are equal, if not superior to those of any other nation in Europe.
Various substances such as baked clay and calcined green-stone (an igneous rock), reduced to powder, afford a moderately good materials for water cements (hydraulic cements).
Pozzuolanic materials (natural) include pozzuolana, volcanic ashes and tuffs, basalts, diabases, syenites, gabbros, trasses, etc.
Up to 30 per cent of the cement in Portland cement concrete can be replaced by trass without perceptible loss of strength.
When this amount is added to a normal mixture, the tensile and compressive strength of the concrete as well as impermeability are improved.
LESSON 6