Unit 10 Theme:Thermal Water Heating Grammar: If and Wish

Objectives: By the end of this unit, students should be able to use active vocabulary of this theme in different forms of speech exercises. Students should be better atdiscussingwaterenergy. Students should know the rule of If and wish and fulfill grammar exercises.

Methodical instructions: This theme must be worked out during two lessons a week according to timetable.

Lexical material:Introduce and fix new vocabulary on theme “Thermal water heating”.

Define thebasic styles of water energy and its role in our country. Discuss in groups‘thermal water heating in our society’.

Grammar: Introduce and practice the If and wish.

Ex.1.Read the text and translate

Thermal Water Heating

Heat exchanged across a boundary may cause changes other than a change in thermal energy. For example, it may cause phase transitions, such as melting or evaporation, which are changes in the configuration of a material. Since such an energy exchange is not observable by a change in temperature, it is called a latent heat and represents a change in the potential energy of the system.

Rather than being itself the thermal energy involved in a transfer, heat is sometimes also understood as the process of that transfer, i.e. heat functions as a verb.

Today's narrow definition of heat in physics contrasts with its use in common language, in some engineering disciplines, and in the historical scientific development of thermodynamics in the caloric theory of heat. The phenomenon of heat in these instances is today properly identified as the entropy.

Water heating is a thermodynamic process, meaning that any type of water heater you use requires thermal energy to work. In today's modern home, with ever-advancing technologies and choices, the question is more about what drives the water heating process. Conventionally, water heaters have been powered by gas or electricity.

Water heaters that use direct thermal energy (sans electricity) to heat water include: gas (compressed natural gas, propane, butane); solar; oil; and sometimes geothermal. In some cases, waste heat, or steam, from a space heater is used to heat potable water for the home, although this is much more common in Europe and commercial-sized systems in the U.S.

Solar and geothermal are two thermal water heaters gaining traction today. By far, solar dominates among renewable water heating options. Geothermal systems are increasingly used for space heating and can be modified to heat water as well. Aside from electric water heaters, natural gas heaters are the most common. They use a burner at the bottom to heat water in a tank. Below are more detailed examples of for thermal water heating and the different types of systems for each.

Ex.2 Topical vocabulary

Phase a) connected with the sun

Transition b) used about sources of energy, that will always exist

Instances c) a stage in the development of something

Conventionally d) a change from one state or form to another

Solar e) always behaving in a traditional or normal way

Gain f) an example or case

Renewable g) to obtain or win something that you need or want

Ex.3.Read and summarize the text