2.Mark the following statements True or False.

1. Information could be stored in core memory or retrieved from it in about a millionth of a second.

2. Vacuum tubes were bulky, but reliable and generated small amounts of heat.

3. The transistors became available in late 1930s.

4. Integrated circuits incorporated hundreds of transistors.

5. Second-generation software was compatible with the new machines.

6. Microprocessor and microcomputer became possible due to a large-scale integrated circuit.

7. The complexity of the fifth-generation computers demands users to be computer experts.

8. Modern computers are designed to contain a large number of processors, grouped into five major subsystems.

9. Knowledge base operations require the manipulation of large amount of individual elements.

10. The intelligent user interface is the point of contact between a computer and its user.

3. Complete the sentences and comment on your choice.

a) As long as computers were tied down to vacuum tube technology, they could only

1. use decimal notation; 2. be cumbersome and expensive; 3. calculate missile trajectories.

2. Electric current flowing in the wires stored information:

1. by magnetizing the cores; 2. in large data warehouses; 3. separately.

2. Another development that changed the way people used computers was time-sharing, a feature of:

1. the second-generation computers; 2. open operating systems; 3. some IBM 360 models.

2. Whereas the older integrated circuits contained hundreds of transistors, the new ones contained:

1. thousands or ten thousands transistors on a single silicon chip; 2. features of artificial intelligence; 3. cache memory.

2. The fifth generation computers are being designed to be used by

1. trained programmers; 2. computer analysts; 3. any user.

2. The knowledge base system has a very large store of knowledge, with a set of processors

1. on several silicon chips; 2. which access and update the knowledge; 3. with double core.

2. The intention of contemporary developers is to build a user interface which

1. can be changed at any moment; 2. can be compatible with computers of future generations; 3. is close to the natural way of thinking.

4.Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.

Image processing; incompatible software; integrated circuits; to use terminals simultaneously; intelligent user interface; large subsets of; to solve highly complex problems; vacuum tubes; to represent numbers; time-sharing; knowledge base system; to update data; to increase speed; basic subsystems; silicon chip; an inference mechanism; magnetic core; to generate large amounts of heat; advanced graphics; in spite of their complexity; binary notation; electric current; the introduction of integrated circuits; latticework of wires; to cope with large subsets of natural languages; to reduce the size of; to retrieve information; high-capacity memory; to retrain a programmer; operations on knowledge bases; to magnetize the cores; in a millionth of a second.