2. Make up sentences of your own with the given phrases.

an effective/ independent/ optimal/ possible/ means of communication/ achieving/ reaching the goal/presenting data,

to determine/ to implement by means of;

great/ major/ significant/ advantages, the advantages of approach/ theory/ (economic) system;

an economic/ theoretical/ long-range/ main objective, an objective of a book/ program; to attain/ gain objective;

relevant consideration/ data/ fact/ information/model/ observation/ proposal/ theory;

to calculate/ define/ express/ point/ refer/ state explicitly, an explicit connection/ definition/ explanation/ influence/ point of view/ information/ model/ warning/ threat/ sex scenes;

borrow concepts and symbols from maths / somebody’s ideas/ methods

to devote one’s/ special attention to; to devote a book / article/ chapter to;

to refer briefly/ often/ sometimes; to refer to a (previous) publication/ book/ author/ idea/ problem/ study/ experiment;

to measure a piece of ground/ the strength of an electric current/ the speed of a car;

a fruitless/ repeated/ serious/ (un)successful attempt; an attempt to discover/ develop/ improve/ reform/ represent/ reconstruct;

to result in two possibilities/ a confusion/ misunderstanding/ correction/ publication;

a major/ obvious/ significant drawback

3. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.

In other words, to provide a convenient means, sequence of actions, to perform/ to carry out a particular task/operation, to be independent of the architecture, to support object-oriented programming, to run a program, to reflect clearly the structure of a program / the compromise between the objectives, language is intended for various tasks, to specify the objective/ the structure of a language, to determine the process, a defining /characteristics feature, to borrow concepts and symbols from mathematics, to allow /to enable/ to permit/ abbreviations, to combine according to the rules, to create the structure of the program, to measure the complexity of a language, to devote much attention to (much attention is devoted to), to split up the program into blocks, constants are referred to by their values, this attempt results in an error, to handle data items and data structures, drawbacks of original Pascal implementations

4. Give adequate Russian equivalents of the italicized words.

Поддерживать; выдерживать; помогать, содержать, обеспечивать; защищать

1. Do you think the ice on the lake is thick enough to support our weight? 2. My parents supported me while I was at college.3. He has a wife and four children to support. 4. There is insufficient evidence to support the theory. 5.These figures support my argument. 6. I hope to have your support in the elections.

Ясный, точный, подробный, определенный, высказанный до конца, недвусмысленный, искренний, откровенный, явный

1. Sheila shouldn’t get lost because I gave her very explicit directions how to get there. 2. This concept can be adequately and explicitly defined. 3. The violence is never explicitly shown. 4. This was explicitly stated, not merely implied. 6.The most complete and most explicit account of the computer problem is found in NN. 7. Economists calculate both explicit and implicit costs of production.

8. A mathematical function containing only the independent variable or variables (as opposed to implicit function)

For example, the following are explicit functions: , and x.

Упоминать о, указывать, ссылаться на, наводить справку, относиться, отсылать к; обращаться.

1. In her autobiography she often refers to her unhappy schooldays. 2. The new salary scale only refers to company managers and directors. 3.Does this (information) refer to me? 4. Don't refer to this matter again.5. The dispute was referred to the United Nations. 6. My doctor referred me to the hospital specialist. 7. He referred to a history book to find out the dates of the French Revolution. 8. She spoke for an hour without once referring to her notes.