2. True or False.

1. Calculus is "pebble" in Latin.

2. Stepped reckoner is a device which could perform all arithmetic operations.

3. Blaise Pascal designed a punched card.

4. Punched cards began to be used for the first time in Babbage's Difference Engine.

5. The first computer was invented and built in the USA.

6. Speed was the greatest advantage of ENIAC.

7. Instructions used by computers have always been kept inside the computer’s memory.

8. Norbert Wiener introduced a new calculating machine.

3. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.

to manufacture with precision, information-processing machine, an outstanding exception, reason for abandoning the project, to carry out calculations, to reduce logic to binary notation, values 1 and 0 express numbers, to pave the way, to make an important contribution, to run into difficulties, he was struck by a much better idea, to turn out to be, to some extent, to take into account, it's necessary to mention, to improve the standard of living, to overcome economic underdevelopment

4. Make up sentences of your own with the given phrases.

to mention rarely/repeatedly a fact/name/method/problem, to be already mentioned above, it must be mentioned that;

to express oneself clearly, to express opinion/ idea/ excitement/ doubt about;

to improve dramatically, to improve knowledge/ precision/ a situation/ by;

to carry out / require/ to do/ to stimulate research,

academic/ current/ fundamental/ independent/ computer science research, research in logic, on the development of program/ process/ question/ field;

to perform successfully, to perform calculations/ function/ experiment/ (important) role;

to require smth from smb/ special attention/ comment/ explanation/ knowledge/ training/ a detailed analysis;

to obtain experimentally/ independently, to obtain information/ interesting results/ access to data, to obtain from/ by

5. Translate into Russian the phrases below and pay attention to the way the words are used.

DEVELOP, DEVELOPMENT(S) - общий элемент смысла: развитие во времени, развитие как изменение, зарождение и развитие. Частотные русские эквиваленты: развивать(ся), разрабатывать, излагать, раскрывать, проявлять(ся); развитие, разработка, изложение, результат развития.

1. Plants develop from seeds. 2. The hypothesis gradually developed in the scientist's mind. 3. The solution of the energy problem depends on developing alternative sources of energy.

4. Independent study is one of the best habits that a scientist can develop. 5. This paper deals with recent developments in theoretical physics. 6. The development of photographic films requires a dark room.

VALUE - частотные русские эквиваленты: ценность, важность; стоимость; величина, значение

1. The value of this finding is great. 2. The level of professional competence of such workers is of great potential value. 3. The results reveal close agreement between the experimental and computed values. 4. Hyperinflation and its effect on the value of money are discussed. 5. Value in use could not determine price: diamonds, although less useful than water, are more expensive. 6. They had to sell their farm at below market value.