2. Mark the following statements True or False

a) The fundamental operation of central processing units

1. has changed dramatically; 2. has remained much the same; 3. is to execute a program.

b) The decode step involves

1. retrieving an instruction from program memory; 2.breaking the instruction into parts; 3. executing the instruction.

c) An arithmetic-logical unit is that part of the computer

1. that directs step-by-step operations of the system; 2. in which the actual arithmetic operations are performed; 3. that selects instructions and data from memory.

3. Give adequate Russian equivalents of the italicized words.

FACILITATE, FACILITY- общий элемент смысла: наилучшие условия, возможности для осуществления чего-либо. Частотные русские эквиваленты: to facilitate - облегчать, способствовать; facilities - возможность, удобства, средства, оборудование, устройства.

1. The new equipment will facilitate the experiment. 2. This city is an industrial centre offering its inhabitants many urban advantages, educational/ sports facilities and cultural opportunities. 3. We are planning the directions and the scope of research and the provision of experimental facilities. 4. To complete the project we need adequate facilities for research. 5. The biochemical analysis of this process has been facilitated by the use of genetics. 6. The current structure doesn't facilitate efficient work.

CONSIDER, CONSIDERATION, CONSIDERABLE - общий элемент смысла: включение во внимание и учитывание. Частотные русские эквиваленты: to consider - рассматривать, обсуждать, обдумывать; принимать во внимание; считать; consideration - рассмотрение, обсуждение; соображение; considerable - значительный, важный.

1. They have not considered the project yet. 2. The authors do not consider it necessary to include unimportant results in such a short review. 3. The present study is a reason for considering Helmholtz one of the three creators of new scientific physiology. 4. No decision has been taken yet as the problem is now under consideration. 5. The problem is given a careful consideration in the next chapter. 6. All possible sources of errors are taken into consideration. 7. Several considerations have influenced the decision. 8. As part of this work, considerable effort was devoted to the design of supporting facilities for research.

TO INVOLVE - общий элемент смысла: включение в деятельность, движение или объем. Частотные русские эквиваленты: to involve - включать в себя; влечь за собой, вызывать; вовлекать; запутывать, осложнять; to be involved - быть включенным, вовлеченным, участвующим, сложным.

1. The first industrial revolution involved the replacement of human and animal muscle power by the power of machines. 2. A technical project often starts as a simple practical activity involving only a few scientists and engineers. 3. The first step involves retrieving an instruction from program memory.

TO HANDLE - обращаться; трактовать, разбирать, обсуждать; управлять, регулировать, манипулировать

1. If you can't handle this job I'll get someone else to do it. 2. Who handles the marketing in your company? 3. The new computer can handle massive amount of data. 4. The help line handles 100 calls an hour. 5. He can handle well both a horse and a tractor. 6. The binary system is very tedious for humans, especially in the handling of long numbers.

4. Learn the difference in meaning.

1. Consider and regard can both mean “believe” and “realize” or “understand”.

Consider

Consider takes several patterns:

Consider+that- clause

When you consider that she was very scared, her story is even more remarkable.

Consider+object+to have

The ministry of trade considered the company to have the best vision for exports.

We don’t use ‘as’ with ‘consider’: We consider this to be very serious, not * We consider this as a very serious issue.

Regard

We often use regard in the phrase ‘regard as’:

The United Nations regard human rights as their main priority. Alexander Graham Bell is regarded as the inventor of the telephone. Do you regard their behaviour as good or bad?

We don’t usually use the continuous forms of consider and regard.

When the verb regard means ‘consider in a particular way’, it is correctly used as in He regarded them as his superiors. He regarded them highly. He regarded them with admiration. Don’t write *He regarded them his superiors, or * He regarded them to be his superiors. You can use consider, but not regard, in those patters: He considered them (to be) his superiors.

Fill in the correct word.

1. The government …s the economy as the main priority. 2. Local people … this idea of a motorway through their village with horror. 3. When you … that he was too young, you have to blame his parents. 4. He seldom …s my advice. 5. They …ed themselves very important. 6. Her parents always …ed her as the cleverest of her children. 7. He is currently …ed to be the best British athlete.

8. I don’t … her (to be) suitable for the job. 9. I … myself lucky that I only hurt my arm in the accident.

2. to determine, to define, to identify – определять

determine – to decide; we determine how or what we shall do; this requires examination and choice: a traveller determines to take a certain route. In matters of knowledge, to determine is to find out:

The number of staff we can take on will be determined by how much money we’re allowed to spend. The police never actually determined the cause of death. His future has not yet been determined, but he may study medicine. Value in use could not determine the price.

define –state precisely the meaning, explain, show clearly: Please listen while I define your duties.Your role in the project will be strictly defined. It’s impossible to define exactly what makes him so attractive. Mythology may be defined as a universal sign system expressed in a variety of plots.

identify - to recognize; treat as identical: Even the smallest baby can identify its mother by her voice. The research will be used to identify training needs. Paleontologists express skepticism concerning their ability to identify long-extinct species from fossil evidence alone.