9. Remember the following job titles.

Chairman of the Board, (of Directors)	председатель совета директоров, правления
(Chief) General Manager	генеральный директор
Chief Executive President	исполнительный директор
Managing Director	директор-распорядитель
Chief Executive Officer	главный исполнительный директор
	корпорации (обычно президент)
Deputy Managing Director	заместитель директора-распоряди
	теля
Director	директор, член правления
Vice President	вице-президент, член правления
Accounting Manager	главный бухгалтер
Financial Manager	финансовый директор
Export Manager	директор по экспорту
Marketing Manager	директор по сбыту
Office Manager	руководитель конторы
Personnel Manager	начальник отдела кадров
Production Manager	директор по производству
Sales Manager	коммерческий директор
Training Manager	заведующий отделом повышения квалификации / подготовки кадров
Warehouse Manager	заведующий складом
Goods Expert	товаровед
Transport Manager	заведующий транспортным отделом
Supervisor	инспектор; лицо среднего руководящего персонала
Store Manager	заведующий магазином

10. Read and translate the following articles. Directors and managers

As a rule a private company has only one director.

A public company must have at least two directors. Usually there is no upper limit on the number of directors a public company may have. The company's note-paper must list either all or none of the names of its directors.

A limited liability company or a corporation is headed by the board of directors elected by shareholders. The directors appoint one of their number to the position of managing director to be in charge of the day-to-day miming of the company. In large organizations the managing director is often assisted by a general manager. Some companies also have assistant general managers. Many directors have deputies who are named deputy directors.

Directors need not be shareholders. They are responsible for the management of a company's affairs. They are not subject to any residence or nationality restrictions.

Big companies have many managers heading departments. They are all responsible to the managing director. Among various departmental managers (directors) the following can be mentioned:

• sales manager;

• personnel manager;

• chief manager;

• district manager;

• sales and marketing manager;

• industrial engineering manager etc.

The entrepreneur

Land, labour and capital are required if production is to take place. If left to themselves, however, these factors of production will not produce anything. They have to be brought together and organized into a unit of production. Someone must take the decision on what to produce, and on how and where to produce it. In addition, the services provided by the land, labour and capital have to be paid for.

The person (or persons) who undertakes the responsibilities and risks of employing land, labour and capital, and who decides how these resources are to be used, is described as an entrepreneur.

Entrepreneurs, then, are decision-takers and risk-bearers. They must take risks because they purchase and employ the services of the factors of production without any guarantee that the money they will obtain from selling their outputs will cover their costs. They can have no certainty that they will make a profit. It is the expectation of profit which persuades them to accept the risks of setting up and carrying on a business.

Entrepreneurs as risk-bearers, organizers and managers are recognized as a fourth factor of production. In the one-person business it is easy to recognize the entrepreneur, because one person takes all the risks and all the important decisions. In a large company, however, the risks are borne by the people who put their money into the business, the shareholders, while management decisions are taken by the directors. The different tasks of the entrepreneur are carried out by different groups of people.