Biology practical revision
1-Draw a labeled diagram of the:
Plant cell |
Bilharzia |
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2-Identify
and classify:
1- Bread mould
Kingdom : fungi
Phylum : Zygomycetes
2- Mushroom
Kingdom : fungi
Phylum :Basidomycetes
2
3-
Spirogyra
Kingdom : Planta
Phylum
: Chlorophyta
4- Pine
Kingdom : Planta
Phylum:Tracheophyta
Class : Gymnosperms
5- Corn, dates
Kingdom : Planta
Phylum : Tracheophyta
Class : Angiosperms
6-
Beans
Kingdom : Planta
Phylum : Tracheophyta
Class : Angiosperms
7-
Ascaris
Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Nematohelminthes
8-
Crayfish, Crab
Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Arthropoda
Class : Crustacea
9- Bee – Butter fly - Locust
Kingdom
: Animalia
Phylum : Arthropoda
Class : Insecta
1 0- Spider
Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum:Arthropoda
Class : Archnids
11-
Mussel, snail
Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Mollusca
12.Tapeworm
Kingdom
: Animalia
Phylum : Platyhelminthes
Class: Termatodes
Chapter 6
Change in the living organisms
Special Creation |
Organic Evolution
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Every species was created & kept its properties over time , therefore the no. of species is constant.
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A species evolved into a new more complicated one. Continuous changes accumulate over time leading to the appearance of a new species.
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Evolution: is a process by which the characteristics of living organisms change over many generations as traits are passed from one generation to the next. The science of evolution seeks to understand how over time, various plant and animal species branch off to become entirely new species.
Evolution studies the history of life on Earth & assumes that all living organisms, from microscopic bacteria to plants, insects, birds, and mammals, share a common ancestor. Species that are closely related share a recent common ancestor. The animal most closely related to humans is the chimpanzee. The common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees is believed to have lived approximately 7 million years ago.
Theories that explain evolution
1- Lamarck’s Theory :-
“A Species descended from another ancestral species. Changes occur due to using some organs or not using them. The organs in use are strengthened while those neglected diminish and disappear. The change passes to the following offspring”.
The giraffe ancestors were short-necked & they lived on grassland. Dryness killed plants. Short-necked giraffes died while others which stretched their necks to obtain food from high branches remain. Their necks became taller, a character they passed to offspring .
Criticism of Lamarck’s theory
It has no scientific evidence.
The well developed muscles of a worker due to manual work do not pass to his children.
Weismann carried out an experiment where he continued cutting rat tails after they were born for 19 generations but in each case, a rat was born with a tail.
2-Darwin’s Theory:-
After a historical trip around the world & visiting Galapagos Island 1200 km away from south America coast , Darwin explained evolution by natural selection:
Weak individuals that cannot face the environmental conditions become extinct. Those which have the suitable characteristics to adapt with the environmental conditions survive and pass these characteristics to their offspring. Continuous selection changes different species .