II. Прочитайте текст ще раз та дайте письмові відповіді на наступні запитання:

1. What's a market economy?

2. What's the main difference between a market economy and a planned economy?

3. Do changing demands affect production?

4. In what way do changing demands affect production?

5. What's the mechanism of producing goods and services in a market economy?

III. Прочитайте наступні речення з тексту та дайте письмову відповідь: а) речення правдиве та б) речення неправдиве.

1. In a true market economy the government plays role in the management of the economy.

2. Workers are paid wages by employers according to how skilled they are.

3. Consumers are not willing to spend more on products and services, which are favoured.

4. Firms producing these goods will make less profits.

5. New advanced products and high prices are good ways to increase sales and profits.

IV. Перепишіть речення, визначіть в кожному з них часову форму та стан дієслова-присудка. Перекладіть речення на українську мову.

1. They went shopping an hour ago.

2. They went to the yard with their friends.

3. The prohibited him to go to the park with Bill.

4. Kate took her book and went to the garden.

5. Adele and Bill opened their box, put the toys on the carpet and began to play.

V. Перепишіть наступні речення та перекладіть їх, звертаючи увагу на вживання модальних дієслів, підкресліть їх.

1. These doctors can have as many assistants as they like.

2. May I take my friend to the cinema?

3. You must not come before ten.

4. The teacher said that they could go home.

5. They had to translate the article yesterday.

VI. Перепишіть наступні речення та перекладіть їх, звертаючи увагу на узгодження часів.

1. My aunt said that she could speak English very well.

2. Nick told me that he watched TV every day.

3. He thought that you would ring him up when you got the letter.

4. This question has not been solved yet.

5. The car was waiting at the door to take them to the station.

VII. Прочитайте наступні речення та оберіть правильну відповідь із запропонованих варіантів. Запишіть ії.

1. . They explained to us that the Local History museum, which was usually open every Sunday, ..... that day.

a) was closed;

b) was being closed;

c) had been closed;

d) closed.

2. ..… you please be quiet? I’m trying to read.

a) should;

b) shall;

c) would;

d) can.

3. Adele and Bill … their box, put the toys on the carpet and began to play.

a) open;

b) opened;

c) opens;

d) opening.

4. The teacher … that they could go home.

a) said;

b) say;

c) was said;

d) told.

5. He … that you would ring him up when you got the letter.

a) think;

b) was thought;

c) thought ;

d) were thought.

Варіант №5

I. Прочитайте текст та усно перекладіть з 1-4 абзаци. Перепишіть та письмово перекладіть1,2 та 3-й абзаци.

Mixed economics

I. Command and market economies both have significant faults. Partly because of this, an intermediate system has developed, known as mixed economies.

II. A mixed economy means very much what it says as it contains elements of both market and planned economies. At one extreme we have a command economy, which does not allow individuals to make economic decisions, at the other extreme we have a free market, where individuals exercise considerable economic freedom of choice without any government restrictions. Between these two extremes lies a mixed economy. In mixed economies some resources are controlled by the government whilst others are used in response to the demands of consumers.

III. Technically, all the economies of the world are mixed: it is just the balance elements between market and planned elements that alters. Some countries are nearer to command economies, while others are closer to free market economies. So, for example, Hong Kong has some state-controlled industry, while Cuba has some privately owned and controlled firms.

IV. The aim of mixed economies is to avoid the disadvantages of both systems while enjoying the benefits that they both offer. So, in a mixed economy the government and the private sector interact in solving economic problems. The state controls the share of the output through taxation and transfer payments and intervenes to supply essential items such as health, education and defence, while private firms produce cars, furniture, electrical items and similar, less essential products.

II. Прочитайте текст ще раз та дайте письмові відповіді на наступні запитання:

1. Are there really pure examples of planned and market economies in the world?

2. What's a mixed economy?

3. What's its aim?

4. Are all the economies of the world mixed?

5. Does the state control the share of the output?

III. Прочитайте наступні речення з тексту та дайте письмову відповідь: а) речення правдиве та б)речення неправдиве.

1. Command and mixed economies both have significant faults.

2. A mixed economy means very much what it says as it doesn’t contain elements of both market and planned economies.

3. Between these two extremes lies a mixed economy.

4. Technically, all the economies of the world are mixed.

5. The aim of mixed economies is to avoid the advantages of both systems.

IV. Перепишіть речення, визначіть в кожному з них часову форму та стан дієслова-присудка. Перекладіть речення на українську мову.

1. I have got many interesting books.

2. We didn’t buy any books in that bookshop.

3. Will you give me any English-Russian dictionary?

4. I think he will come back one day.

5. There were many flowers in the park, each one nicer than the other.

V. Перепишіть наступні речення та перекладіть їх, звертаючи увагу на вживання модальних дієслів, підкресліть їх.

1. None of us will be able to pass the exam on Friday.

2. You yourself will be able to understand the rule.

3. I can be there by six.

4. He was very strong and could lift heavy weights.

5. May I take my friend to the cinema?

VI. Перепишіть наступні речення та перекладіть їх, звертаючи увагу на узгодження часів.

1. I was told that Bill had been working in this office for five years.

2. The teacher said that we might translate the text the next day.

3. I thought that I would be able to go to the cinema on Sunday if I did all my homework for Monday on Saturday.

4. Dan asked me where I lived. 3

5. He wanted to know whether he would be in time for the plane.

VII. Прочитайте наступні речення та оберіть правильну відповідь із запропонованих варіантів. Запишіть ії.

1. The teacher said the pupils ..... so much noise during the breaks.

a) mustn't make;

b) don't have to make;

c) didn't make;

d) made.

2. I recommend you to apologize. You ..… apologize.

a) would;

b) should;

c) must;

d) shall.

3. The aim of mixed economies … to avoid the advantages of both systems.

a) is ;

b) was;

c) has been;

d) were.

4. He was very strong and … lift heavy weights.

a) would;

b) could;

c) may;

d) can.

5. There … many flowers in the park, each one nicer than the other.

a) is;

b) was;

c) were;

d) are.

Варіант №6

I. Прочитайте текст та усно перекладіть з 1-4 абзаци. Перепишіть та письмово перекладіть1, 2 та 4-й абзаци.

Positive and Normative Economics

I. In studying economics it is important to distinguish two branches of the subject. The first is known as "positive economics", the second as "normative economics".

II. Positive economics deals with objective or scientific explanations of the working of the economy. The aim of positive economics is to explain how society makes decisions about consumption, production, and exchange of goods. The purpose of this investigation is twofold: to satisfy our curiosity about why the economy works as it does, and to have some basis for predicting how the economy will respond to changes in circumstances.

III. Normative economics is very different. Normative economics offers prescriptions or recommendations based on personal value judgments. In positive economics, we hope to act as detached scientists. Whatever our political persuasion, whatever our view about what we would like to happen or what we would regard as "a good thing", in the first instance we have to be concerned with how the world actually works. At this stage, there is no scope for personal value judgments. We are concerned with propositions of the form: if this is changed then that will happen. In this regard, positive economics is similar to the natural sciences such as physics, geology or astronomy.

IV. Here are some examples of positive economics in action. Economists of widely differing political persuasions would agree that, when the government imposes a tax on a good, the price of that good will rise. The normative question of whether this price rise is desirable is entirely distinct. Similarly, there would be substantial agreement that the following proposition of positive economics is correct: favourable weather conditions will increase wheat output, reduce the price of wheat, and increase the consumption of wheat. Many propositions in positive economics would command widespread agreement among professional economists.