I. Прочитайте та усно перекладіть з 1-3 абзаци. Перепишіть та письмово перекладіть 1, 2 абзаци.

Malthus (1766-1834)

1. Malthus- Мальтус

2. prosperous- заможний

3. were starving- голодували

4. anticipated- передбачав

5. pollution- забруднення

I. Most early economists had no idea of how to make a country grow to be prosperous or to help people become healthy and happy. Economists were pessimistic. In England for example, Thomas R. Malthus saw that most of his countrymen were starving. Poverty, hunger and disease were the norm. Malthus felt conditions could only get worse because the population was increasing geometrically while food supplies were only slowly increasing. He published this idea in 1798. He anticipated more hunger and disease as a result. Today there are some people who feel Malthus was right, and it is just a matter of time before there too many people in the world and too few resources.

II. Recently economists have predicted that the world would run out of resources such as oil, water, coal and that pollution would get worse and worse. They cite nations such as Mexico as the model of the future. Other writers are more optimistic and predict world prosperity. Their model of future is the United States of America.

III. Which predictions are correct? Nobody knows for sure. The basis for optimism began in 1776, the year of the Declaration of Independence. The social and political base for growth was established in America.

II. Прочитайте текст ще раз та дайте письмові відповіді на наступні запитання:

1. What didn’t know the most of early economists?

2. Were the economists optimistic or pessimistic?

3. What did Thomas R. Malthus observe in England?

4. What are the recent predictions of the economists?

5. What is the model of future?

III. Прочитайте наступні речення з тексту та дайте письмову відповідь: а) речення правдиве та б) речення неправдиве.

1. Most early economists had many ideas of how to help people become healthy and happy.

2. Prosperity, hunter and abundance were the norm.

3. He anticipated more hunger and disease as a result.

4. They cite nations such as Monaco as the model of the future.

5. The social and political base for growth was established in Africa.

IV. Перепишіть речення, визначіть в кожному з них часову форму та стан дієслова-присудка. Перекладіть речення на українську мову.

1. The new tax regulations are being studied by the Ministry of Finances.

2. These restrictions have been introduced this year.

3. The construction of firm’s office will be completed in a month.

4. The director was asked about the future development of his company.

5. Some consumer products made in Ukraine have acquired a good reputation abroad.

V. Перепишіть наступні речення та перекладіть їх, звертаючи увагу на вживання модальних дієслів, підкресліть їх.

1. You have to learn this poem by heart.

2. He must go to the dentist's at once.

3. They shouldn't have done it without his brother's consent.

4. I have to leave you for some minutes.

5. Tom oughtn't to argue with the teacher.

VI. Перепишіть наступні речення та перекладіть їх, звертаючи увагу на узгодження часів.

1. You'll see what I have written about them.

2. It is not known where he spent his early childhood.

3. I don't know what went wrong between them.

4. It's a pity you missed (have missed) that concert.

5. One day I'll tell you why I have never married.

VII. Прочитайте наступні речення та оберіть правильну відповідь із запропонованих варіантів. Запишіть її.

1. Mark told Nancy that he ..... his dog at last, and the worried expression began to disappear from his face.

a) had found;

b) found;

c) must find;

d) must found.

2. I understand it very well. You ..… explain further.

a) shouldn’t;

b) wouldn’t;

c) mustn’t;

d) needn’t.

3. The director was … about the future development of his company.

a) told;

b) asked;

c) ask;

d).to ask.

4. It is not … where he spent his early childhood.

a) know;

b) knew;

c) known;

d) to know.

5. . The new tax … are being studied by the Ministry of Finances.

a) tasks;

b) regulations ;

c) rules;

d) figures

Варіант № 12