تصريفات الأفعال verb conjugation
P.P |
past |
Present |
felt |
felt |
يشعرfeel |
kept |
kept |
يحفظkeep |
cut |
cut |
يقطع – يجرحcut |
taught |
taught |
يعلمteach |
روابط الاحتمال
إما – أوEither ….. or
The baby is either a boy or a girl .
لاحظ : إذا كان الفاعل مختلف فان الفعل يتبع الفاعل الأقرب ( الثاني ) .
Either Ali or I am to blame .
لا ...... ولاNeither ….. Nor
تربط جملتين منفيتين
Ali doesn't like English . He doesn't like math, either .
Ali likes neither English nor math .
نلاحظ حذف النفي
1 – تربط بين فاعلين وفعل واحد والفعل يتبع الفاعل الأقرب ( الثاني ) .
Neither Ali nor I like English .
Neither I nor Ali likes English .
Neither of them likes English .
2 – تربط بين فعلين وفاعل واحد .
He doesn't read English . He doesn't write English .
He neither reads nor writes English .
3 – تربط بين صفتين .
He isn't tall . He isn't thin .
He is neither tall nor thin .
4 – تربط بين مفعولين .
He doesn't speak German . He doesn't speak French .
He speaks neither German nor French .
. Both ……. And
تربط فاعلين ويكون الفعل واحد وجمع
I'm a teacher . Ali is a teacher .
Both I and Ali are teachers . & Both of us are teachers .
فعل + فاعل that ظرف / صفة So
Ali is strong . He can carry a heavy box .
Ali is so strong that he can carry a heavy box.
The reflexive pronouns
I myself you yourself
He himself you yourselves
She herself we ourselves
It itself they themselves
استخدامات الضمائر المنعكسة
1 – إذا كان الفاعل هو نفسه المفعول :
Heba cut herself while she was cutting the onions .
2 – للتأكيد :
Sohier washed the dishes herself .
3 – تؤدي معنى بمفرده أو بدون أي مساعدة إذا سبقت بحرف الجر " by " وتعطي معنى هذة الكلمات :
{ On my own – alone – without any help – with no help }
He went to the cinema by himself . = ( alone )
She learnt to drive a car by herself . = ( without any help )
Exercises
1. Choose the correct answer:
1 – she was dirty so she washed ( herself – her – she ) .
2 – When they looked at the mirror , they couldn't see ( Them – themselves – their ) .
3 – samy fell and hurt ( him – his – himself ) .
4 – The dog barked when it saw ( herself – itself – himself ) in the water.
5 – Soha and I enjoyed ( our – ourselves – themselves ) .
6 - He made ( his – him – himself ) a cup of tea .
7 – Salma is too young to wash ( her – herself – hers ) .
8. I will drink neither tea (or / nor / but / and) coffee.
9. I will (either / neither / both / but) go to the zoo or visit the Pyramids
10. I can play neither football (or / nor / but / and) tennis.
11. The tea was (too / either / neither / so) hot that I couldn't drink it.
12. We can begin our journey (neither / either / both / but) now or in the evening.
13. He must (neither / and / but / either) pay the money or go to prison.
14. The weather was so (rainy / bad / cold / wonderful) that we went on a picnic.
15. The film was so (boring / exciting / good / interesting) that I slept during it.
L6. Samy refused to buy the car because it was (silent / your expensive / comfortable).
17. Dad (turned on / turned off / switched off / changed) TV to listen the news.
18. Some people go to shopping centres to have a look at the cloths shown inside (doors / wood /shop windows / jungles).
19. Salma bought a (gold / glass / computer / paper) from the electronics shop.
20. "Silence is gold". It is a (medicine / verb / proverb / noun).
21. On his birthday, his friends gave him some (water / presents / paper/ milk ).
22. Nora was so surprised that she nearly dropped / fell / felt / failed) the glass.
23. The doctor gave the patient some medicine so he felt ( sad / mad / better / silent ).
24. They played the football match in Cairo (office / clinic / workshop/ stadium).
25. The thieves ( made/ smashed / gave / put) the glass with a stick.
26. A (scientist / clerk / carpenter / workman ) does his experiments in the laboratory.
27. Zeinab was hungry. She wanted to eat (trees / teams / stones / sandwiches).
29. Samy is upset because his dog has just (found / lived / died / discovered).
30. The scientific study of living things is (history / biology / biography / geology).
31. Can you find the (location / station / nation / situation) of Egypt on this map ?
32. The streets were so (easy / busy / nice / fine) that it took Hesham a long time to drive to work.
33. (Biologist / Biology / Artist / Doctor) Haitham Ibrahim says argun palms are an important part of Egypt's history.
34. It is (habit / usual / unusual / ordinary) for her to go to school late. She likes to be in time.
35. (Oasis / Garden / Valley / Club) is a place in a desert where there are trees and water.
36. It is a good (letter / note / idea / message) to go for a walk.
37He covered himself in (earth / mud / land / sugar) to protect himself against insects.
38 . My little sister (injured / crashed / lived / saved) herself when she played with the knife.
39. I don't mind being in the jungle, but I must find somewhere (dangerous / serious / safe / bad).
40. When the car was about to fall into the sea, the driver (jumped out / walked / sank / hid) to save himself.
41. The floor is (consisted / covered / injured / dried) with a beautiful carpet.
42. The teacher was sure everyone had (failed / saved / thought / understood) the lesson.
43. The boy saw the wolf and (shouted / cried / said / spoke) for help.
44. The traveller had been got (lost / covered / changed / refused) in the jungle.
45. Crocodiles are very (safe /pleasant / kind / dangerous) animals.
46. We need a (map / novel / magazine / dictionary) to find the meaning of words we don't know.
47. She (decided / pressed / followed / contained) to leave now.
48. The officer took the thief to the nearest police (stop / station / situation / location).
49. The officer followed the thief and (thought / caught / bought / wrote) him.
50. They had (torches / pencils / knives / dishes) to help them find the boy in the dark jungle.
51. I'd like to listen to the (air / voice / noise / sound) of the jungle.
52. She is (crazy / easy / lazy / clever), she rarely finishes her work early.
53. He lives in the (town / city / garden / village) to enjoy the fresh air.
54. Mother (hurt / joined / followed / crossed) herself while she was cooking in the kitchen.
60. The officer used the (crash / flash / dash / ice).
61. Please, help me to (pull / ride / mount / push) the car to the workshop.
2. Rewrite the following sentences :
1. The shirt was very cheap. Ali decided to buy it. (so ... that)
2. The sandwich is very salty. Laila can't eat it. (so ... that)
3. The film is very exciting. I'll see it again. (so ... that)
4. I may travel to Alex tomorrow. I may travel to Alex next week. (either .....or)
5. Mohamed was not at school. His friend was not at school. (neither ... nor)
6. I didn't watch TV. I didn't go to the cinema. (neither ... nor)
7. He didn't visit his friend and didn't go to the shops. (neither)
8. He was too weak to walk. (so)
9. It was very expensive so I couldn't buy it. (so)
10. He didn't play football and didn't watch TV. (neither)
11. She looked at the mirror to see what is wrong. (herself)
12. She was very busy. So she stayed late in her office, (so...that)
13. He couldn't see because it was dark. (so)
14. He didn't go to the garden and he didn't visit his grandmother. (neither)
15. It is very heavy, so I can't carry it. (so.... that)
16. He was so ill that he didn't go to school. (too)
17. He may go to the cinema and he may go to the library, (either)
18. He was very tired and went to sleep. (so)
19. This tea is very hot. I can't drink it. (so... that)
20. The car was so cheap. He decided to buy it. (so... that)
21. Merna is not here. Sara is not here. (neither... nor)
22 . I won't travel by train. I won't travel by car. (neither... nor)
6. Read and match:
-
A
B
1. The film was so boring
2. The dress was so beautiful
3. He refused to buy the car
4. The opposite of succeed
5. I bought a new computer
is fail.
that I switched off the TV.
from the electronics shop.
that mother bought it for her daughter.
because it was cheap.
because it was expensive
5. Read and correct the underlined word(s):
1 . There is one oases in that desert.
2. 1 switched on the TV because the film was boring.
3. He is busy to study the poem,
4. The street from Cairo to Alexandria has been broadened.
5. He wants to eat sandwiches because he is thirsty.
6. As he walked slow, he missed the train.
7. She hurt her while cutting the apple.
8. He can neither read or, write.
9. While he plays, he fell down.
10. It was so dark that she could see.
11. Her husband lost in the desert.
12. He arrived the school in time.
13. We listened a loud noise in the street.
14. I looked after my pen but didn't find it.
15. Pupils teach at school.
16. She looked at her in the mirror to see the hat on her.
Write what you would say in each of the following situations:
1. You want to know the answer of the questions.
2. You want to know the meaning of a word in English.
3. You ask your brother to buy you a kilo of apples.
4. You ask your friend to help you in your homework.
5. You want some more sugar for your tea.
6. It's too hot. You ask your brother to open the window.
7. You want to use your friend's telephone.
8. You are in a hurry. You ask your friend to go with him in his car.
Finish the following dialogue between Ali who wants to buy a TV set, and the salesman:
Salesman : Good morning. Can I help you
Ali : Yes, ........................ (1) ........................
Salesman : We have different kinds and sizes. Here is one made in Japan.
Ali : Can I buy one made in Egypt
Salesman : .................. (2) .................... and it's cheaper.
Ali : How much does it cost
Salesman : ............................. (3) ........................... .
Ali : All right, I'll buy the one made in Egypt.