Unit 2: Computer Architecture.
Starter: “Types of computers”.
Technical Terms.
address bus: the set of conductors that carry the memory address signals between different
parts of a computer system.
AGP: abbreviation for accelerated graphics port. A video bus interface that allows the use
of a fast video card and allow the use of three-dimensional graphics.
algorithm: a set of precise rules or instructions for solving a problem.
ATM: common abbreviation for automatic teller machine. The type of machine used by
banks for enabling customers to withdraw money from their bank accounts.
barcode: a sequence of vertical parallel lines used to give items a unique identification
number.
bit: a small unit of storage capacity. One of the eight binary digits that make up a byte.
The term comes from an abbreviation of binary digit.
bus: a set of conductors that carry signals between different parts of a computer.
byte: a unit of storage capacity. A byte is made up of eight bits and stores one character,
I.E. A letter, a number, a space or a punctuation mark.
cache: 1)- to temporarily store frequently-used data in fast memory so that it can be
accessed more quickly. 2)- fast memory used to temporarily store frequently-used
data to allow it to be accessed more quickly.
cache coherency: a system that ensures that any changes written to main memory are
reflected within the cache and vice versa.
cache controller: the set of electronic logic circuits that control the operation of cache
memory.
cache hit: the process of successfully finding the required data stored in cache memory.
CD-RW (drive): abbreviation for compact disk rewriteable. A storage device use for
reading from and writing to a special type of CD known as a re-writeable
CD.
clock: the set of electronic circuits used to control the timing of signals and synchronize
different parts of a computer system.
CPU: abbreviation for central processing unit.
cursor: a symbol on the monitor screen that indicates the point on the screen that is being
used.
data bus: the set of conductors that carry data signals between different parts of a
computer.
DVD (-ROM): abbreviation for digital versatile disk read only memory. An optical disk
storage device that can hold a large amount of video data.
ECC memory: abbreviation for error code correcting memory. A type of memory often
used in server computers that automatically fixes simple memory errors
without requiring the rebooting of the computer.
EIDE: abbreviation for extended integrated device electronics. A type of hard disk control
system where most of the control electronics is built into the drive itself. Extended