2. Translate the word-combinations:

ignition key, petrol station, clutch pedal, inlet valve, cylinder block, petrol pump, steering wheel, accelerator pedal, explosion stroke, petrol tank, petrol and air mixture.

3. Read and translate the text.

Introduction. Cylinders and pistons

Inside the car on the driver's side there are three pedals. They are the brake pedal, the clutch pedal and the accelerator pedal. There is a steering wheel. There is a gear lever and a handbrake. There is a hole for the ignition key.

The steering wheel and the pedals may be on the left or the right side. If the car is automatic, there is no clutch pedal. When the driver gets into a car he does this. He puts the ignition key into the hole. He turns it. The engine starts. He pushes down the clutch pedal. He puts the gear lever into the first gear. He puts the handbrake off. He lets the clutch pedal out slowly. He pushes down the accelerator pedal. The car moves off. How does it move? We will start with petrol. We know that petrol burns. At all petrol stations there are NO SMOKING signs. Petrol changes very easily into a vapour. A vapour is small drops of liquid, which mixes easily with air. Petrol vapour mixed with air burns very easily. If a flame or even a spark, goes near it, it burns suddenly and releases a lot of energy: it explodes. The energy of petrol is used in a car engine, but in the car engine the energy is controlled.

A car piston looks like a large block of metal. And it is. It is a large block of cast iron. In this block there are round holes. These holes are the cylinders. The cylinder block of car usually has four or six cylinders. In the cylinder the power of petrol is controlled. In each cylinder there is a piston. It can move up and down in the cylinder. It has cast iron rings round it. These piston rings help it to fit tightly inside the cylinder. A connecting rod comes from inside the piston.

The top of each cylinder is covered. There are three holes in the top. Two are for valves, which open and shut. These are the inlet valve and exhaust valve.

The other hole is for the sparking plug. The sparking plug fires the mixture of air and petrol by means of a spark and causes it to explode. When the inlet valve opens, a mixture of air and petrol is sucked into the cylinder. This mixture fills the space above the piston. When the inlet valve is open, the exhaust valve is closed. Smoke and gases remain after the explosion of the petrol and air mixture. When the exhaust valve opens, the smoke and gases are pushed out of the cylinder.

4. Answer the questions:

1) How many cylinders has the cylinder block of a car?

2) How many holes are there in the top of each cylinder?

3) How does the sparking plug ignite the mixture of air and petrol?

4) How do smoke and gases leave the cylinder?

5. Match antonyms:

l) inside

2) left

3) bottom

4) to open

5) inlet

6) to fill

7) up

8) to start

9) small

10) to push down

a) large

b) exhaust

c) outside

d) to stop

e) right

f) to let out

g) top

h) to close

i) down

j) to empty

6. Match synonyms:

1) power

2) to shut

3) to let out

4) to work

5) to suck in

6) to begin

a) to draw in

b) to start

c) to operate

d) energy

e) to put off

f) to close

7. Choose the correct translation of the following words:

1.tightly - щільний, щільно, ущільнити.

2.ignition - запалювання, запалював, запальничка.

3.movement - рухомий, рухатися, рух.

4.connector - зв’язувати, зв’язував, з’єднувач.