I. Определите, является ли утверждение:

1. Fiber production is rather cheap process.

A) ложным

B) в тексте нет информации

C) истинным

2. Copper cable transmits signals less efficiently in comparison with optical fiber.

A) в тексте нет информации

B) истинным

C) ложным

3. Optical fibers are immune to electromagnetic interference.

A) в тексте нет информации

B) ложным

C) истинным

4. It is dangerous to use optical fiber in a petrochemical enterprise.

A) истинным

B) ложным

C) в тексте нет информации

II. Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

1. Junction of optical fibers is a complicated operation.

A) 3

B) 4

C) 2

D) 1

2. Optical fiber cable requires less space than copper one.

A) 1

B) 4

C) 2

D) 3

3. The optical fiber application started in the last century.

A) 2

B) 1

C) 4

D) 3

4. Material for manufacturing of optical fibers is not to have any defects.

A) 4

B) 1

C) 3

D) 2

III. Выберете правильный вариант ответа на вопрос:

What is the bandwidth concerned with?

A) It is concerned only with channels of information.

B) It is concerned with space taken by cable in underground cabling ducts.

C) It is concerned only with a transmission distance.

D) It is concerned with channels of information and transmission distance.

IV. Определите основную идею текста:

A) Optical fiber cables are more expensive than copper cables.

B) Optical fiber is an advanced material used for a variety of applications.

C) Fibers are used instead of metal wires.

D) Optical fiber has some significant disadvantages.

Часть 2. Лексико-грамматические задания на основе прагматических текстов

Задание 1. Установите соответствие тем A–H текстам 1–7. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя

A. A TASTE OF EVERYTHING

B. SHOP TILL YOU DROP

C. CITY’S TOURIST ATTRACTIONS

D. ANCEIENT TRADITIONS LIVE ON

E. ACTIVITIES FOR THE ADVENTUROUS AND HARDY

F. ON THE CROSSROADS OF RELIGIONS

G. FOR THE BODY, MIND AND SOUL

H. FROM THE HIGH PEAKS TO THE DEEP SEAS

1. Today Jakarta has much to offer, ranging from museums, art and antique markets, first class shopping to accommodations and a wide variety of cultural activities. Jakarta’s most famous landmark, the National Monument or Monas is a 137m obelisk topped with a flame sculpture coated with 35 kg of gold. Among other places one can mention the National museum that holds an extensive collection of ethnographic artifacts and relics, the Maritime Museum that exhibits Indonesia’s seafaring traditions, including models of sea going vessels.

2. Sumatra is a paradise for nature lovers, its national parks are the largest in the world, home to a variety of monkeys, tigers and elephants. Facing the open sea, the western coastline of Sumatra and the waters surrounding Nias Island have big waves that make them one of the best surfer’s beaches in Indonesia. There are beautiful coral reefs that are ideal for diving. For those whoscavengers of the dark waters.

3. Various establishments offer professional pampering service with floral baths, body scrubs, aromatic oils, massages and meditation; rituals and treatments that use spices and aromatic herbs to promote physical and mental wellness. Various spa hotels are extremely popular. Indonesians believe that when treating the body you cure the mind.

4. Jakarta has a distinctly cosmopolitan flavor. Tantalize your taste buds with a gastronomic spree around the city’s many eateries. Like French gourmet dining, exotic Asian cuisine, American fast food, stylish cafes, restaurants all compete to find a way into your heart through your stomach. The taste of Indonesia’s many cultures can be found in almost any corner of the city: hot and spicy food from West Sumatra, sweet tastes of Dental Java, the tangy fish dishes of North Sulawesi.

5. In the face of constant exposure to modernization and foreign influences, the native people still faithfully cling to their culture and rituals. The pre-Hindu Bali Aga tribe still maintains their own traditions of architecture, pagan religion, dance and music, such as unique rituals of dances and gladiator-like battles between youths. On the island of Siberut native tribes have retained their Neolithic hunter-gathering culture.

6. Whether you are a serious spender or half hearted shopper, there is sure to be something for everybody in Jakarta. Catering to diverse tastes and pockets, the wide variety of things you can buy in Jakarta is mind boggling from the best of local handicrafts to haute couture labels. Modern super and hyper markets, multi-level shopping centers, retail and specialty shops, sell quality goods at a competitive price. Sidewalk bargains range from tropical blooms of vivid colors and scents in attractive bouquets to luscious fruits of the seasons.

7. The land’s long and rich history can’t be separated from the influence of Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and Christianity. There is one of the oldest Hindu temples in Java, the majestic Buddhist ‘monastery on the hill’, Borobudur, the largest Buddhist monument in the world. About 17 km away from this monastery is a 9^th century temple complex built by the Sanjaya dynasty. Prambanan complex is dedicated to the Hindu trinity: Ciwa, Vishnu and Brahma. The spread of Islam also left interesting monuments such as the 15^th century Minaret Mosque in Kudus.

Задание 2. Установите соответствие тем A–F текстам 1–5. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя

А. PROBLEMS WITH TEACHING METHODS

B. MAKING IT EASIER TO UNDERSTAND

C. STUDYING WITH OR WITHOUT A TEACHER

D. COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS

E. EXAMINATION RESULTS

F. ENGLISH PEOPLE'S MISTAKES

1. I'm a 24-year-old business student from Malaysia and I've been going to English classes at night school for the past 5 years. Up to now I've thought that I'm a good student. Last month I went to Britain. Nobody could understand me and I couldn't understand them. What went wrong? My English teacher is very good and I always get the highest mark for my grammar test.

2. I'm writing to ask your opinion on my problem. My English teacher never corrects my mistakes when I'm speaking. Isn't that her job? How am I going to learn to speak better? Also she's always telling me that I should forget all the rules of grammar that I learnt when I was younger.

3. I am looking after two small English children. I love my job but the way that English people speak is a little surprising. For example, I often hear them say things like “more friendlier”, and I thought it should be “more friendly”. Many of them say “we was” instead of 'we were'. Can you explain this? Would it be impolite of me to correct them?

4. I have been studying English for three years. I'm quite good at reading and writing but listening is very difficult for me. My teacher suggested that I listen to the BBC World Service every day in order to understand English better. The problem is that it's hard for me to understand every word. Do you have any ideas about how to make listening to the radio less difficult? I like to listen to news very much.

5. I have studied English for five years at school but for the past six months I have been using the Internet and books to learn. There are lots of materials to choose but I'm not sure what is best for me and how I should use them. I really would like to take some international examination but don't know how to study without help. Should I take a course in my local school – which is a little expensive for me now – or is it possible to prepare for the exam on my own?

Задание 3. Установите соответствие тем A–G текстам 1–6. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. Одна тема в задании лишняя

A. CAR RACE

B. REAL PLEAS

C. FAVOURITE TOY

D. SERIOUS PROBLEMS

E. HELPFUL MACHINE

F. DIFFERENT TOYS

G. UNUSUAL CAR

1. Things boys play with are not like objects girls play with. Boys often have more freedom to run about and they get guns, train sets, toy trucks and toy cars. Electronic games are very popular among young boys. Toys for girls are much quieter and more passive. Young girls often get things like dolls, dresses, and pictures to colour.

2. “Teddies” are an important part of British culture. Most people in Britain have a teddy bear when they are young, and most people are very fond of their special bear, even when they are 30 or 40 years old! Many famous people like film stars or pop stars or politicians collect “teddies”. These people have donated their old friends to the teddy bear museum which is in Stradford-on-Avon in England. Many tourists go to this place, because it is the birthplace of Shakespeare, but they often love the teddy bear museum more.

3. Computer games are a multimillion dollar industry, but people who really enjoy games are not satisfied with playing against the computer. They want to play against real people and most computer games allow you to do that just by joining up with other players on the Internet. Regular players say that this is where their true enjoyment of games can be found. With some games up to 60 people can take part. It's a good way to meet people and it gives you something to talk about.

4. The big American company General Motors has developed a vehicle that uses the power of the sun instead of petrol. The vehicle is called Sunraycer which means «ray of the sun»+»racer». Sunraycer has just taken part in a race against 25 solar-powered vehicles. Sunraycer covered the great distance in 45 hours at a speed of 41 miles an hour at temperatures as high as 48 °C. It is certainly the car of the future.

5. Computers are a great technological invention of the 20^th century. Their advantages are numerous yet much can be said against them. The main disadvantage of computers is that looking at a screen for long periods of time is bad for the eyes, and sitting on a chair for hours is not healthy. Also, people who use computers have a tendency to become anti-social and stay at home. The strongest argument against the use of computers is that the more jobs which are done by computers, the less are done by people.

6. Thirty years ago few people realized that computers were about to become part of our everyday lives. This short period of time has seen great changes in business, education and public administration. Jobs which took weeks to do in past, are now carried out in minutes. Schoolchildren have become as familiar with hardware and software as their parents were with pencils and exercise books and they don’t worry about mistakes having a computer.

Задание 4. Установите соответствие тем A–G текстам 1–6. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя

This museum tells you about the history of

A. INDUSTRY

B. SCIENCE

C. TOYS

D. COSTUMES

E. A CITY

F. TRANSPORT

G. CANALS

1. Step inside this magical 1850s “Cinema” for an exciting tour of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. As the lights go down a brilliant moving image of the capital appears before you, while the guide tells the story of Edinburgh's historic past.

2. The National Waterways Museum of Gloucester brings to life the time when Britain's waterways were dug between towns. Transport by these ways was cheaper than transport by land. Many exhibits give visitors the chance to relive the Age which helped to revolutionize Britain's water system.

3. Black Country Museum is an open-air museum. Your visit there is always exciting and enjoyable. Guides in national costumes and working demonstrators tell visitors a story of the time when different machines were invented in Britain and factories began to develop very quickly.

4. Travel through time and discover the colourful story of travel. See shiny buses, tube trains and trams of different centuries. As you step into the past you'll meet people who've kept London moving for 200 years. Hold tight as you put yourself in the driving seat and enjoy your journey.

5. This museum is full of wonderful models of trains, buses, ships and cars. See the 1920s model Story Land Park and play the old slot-machines. It also has a nursery of the beginning of the 20^th century. The wonderful collection of dolls contains different marionettes from Ancient Roman Gladiator doll to figures of today.

6. This museum illustrates the development of human knowledge through different instruments. The museum has a clockwork model of the solar system from1750 as well as microscopes, telescopes, navigation instruments, electrical machines and tools.

Задание 5. Установите соответствие тем A–G текстам 1–6. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя

A. DANCE

B. SOUVENIRS

C. FOOD AND DRINK

D. MATERIEAL

E. IMAGINARY PERSON

F. SHOPS

G. LANGUAGE

1. Irish hand-made tweed is famous all over the world for its individual look, its quality and different colours. This cloth is made from wool and widely used for caps, hats, skirts, trousers, and jackets. Tweeds can be bought in most of the larger cities as well as in the specialist tweed shops. The most famous place for tweed production in Ireland is Donegal.

2. Ceili consists of hundreds of people. They join arms together, dance up and down a hall at high speeds to the fast sounds of Irish traditional music. Men and women move so quickly turning round and round, that if they don't fall at least once, it means that they are not trying hard enough.

3. Gaelic is not widely used today in Ireland. With hundreds of years of colonisation by the British it lost its significance and was used less and less. It wasn't allowed to be taught in the schools, and it became impossible to use Gaelic in most jobs.

4. Irish products are very popular. Irish hand-made farmhouse cheeses, chocolates and wild smoked salmon taste so nice that they are known everywhere. Many people like Irish coffee which is a hot drink made with coffee, whiskey, and cream. Baileys, a cream liqueur, is becoming known internationally. We must also mention Guinness, is a type of beer, which for many years has been as the meal in a glass.

5. Children in Ireland love to listen to stories about leprechaun, a small wizard with magic powers who could make impossible things happen. He is dressed in green velvet and wears a shiny black belt and magic shoes. He is very small, no more than half a meter tall. He has a pot of gold and gets very angry if he thinks someone is trying to steal it.

6. Irish products are of great value and high quality. They can always tell a story of the history, culture and geography of the place where they were made. Most visitors know of Aran sweaters, Irish lace, Ulster linen table-cloths and bed covers, Galway glasses, Tara plates and cups. Hardly any visitor leaves the country without buying something which will remind them of the country later.

Задание 6. Прочитайте текст и выберете правильный вариант ответа

My friendship with Kathy wasn’t a perfect friendship. I learned very soon in our relationship that Kathy was jealous. We would have great fun going out shopping but if I bought, say, a dress for a party and she thought my dress was better than hers, she would start to say slightly unkind things about it. She would be keen to come out with me to buy the dress. She would give me a lot of helpful advice while I was trying on the various dresses in the shops. Her advice would be good. She would even tell the shop assistant if she thought the price was too high. I can remember one occasion when she said this and, to my surprise, they knocked the price down so that I could afford to buy it. The trouble would come later. When we were actually going to the party and we were both dressed up and she was looking marvellous (for she was very beautiful) she would suddenly say, “I think, Sarah, we were both wrong about that dress. It looks a bit cheap, doesn’t it”!

Once or twice I “dropped” Kathy. I told her I was too busy to see her. Or I told her I had to see another friend. All these lies hurt me because I had no other friend and I was so lonely. But they never hurt her. She just smiled sweetly and said she’d see me next week. And of course, within a week or so, I’d be on the phone asking her to come out. She never minded this. She never sulked at me and pretended that she was too busy.

Students always celebrated the end of the college year with a fancy-dress ball. It was a big event. But as luck would have it, Kathy and I had made another arrangements for the day of the ball. We had booked to go to the theatre. We had talked for ages of going, and at last we had our tickets. For us it was a big event. It was a musical and our favourite singer star was in it, so our hearts were set on the theatre.

Then Kathy came round to see me. Mother was in at the time, and I had to speak to her on the doorstep because Mum had just been having a go at me for seeing too much of Kathy.

“I don’t want that girl coming in this house and nosing around”. So I told Kathy I couldn’t invite her in because my Mum had a bad headache.

Kathy didn’t mind. She smiled and said she was sorry about my mother’s bad head. I was sure she knew what had really happened.

But she carried on smiling, and then she said: “I’m sorry, but I can’t come to the theatre with you after all. My brother’s come home and he wants to take me to the fancy-dress ball at the college. I can’t let him down”. I couldn’t believe that she would let me down. She knew how much I had looked forward to the theatre trip. We had talked about it together for months.

I was almost in tears by the time I had said goodbye to her and closed the door. My Mum was kind and understanding. She made me promise I would never see Kathy again. I agreed, and felt that was the least I could do by way of revenge for my disappointment. I told myself that I would never so much as talk to Kathy if I saw her. Our relationship was at an end. I would never forget what she had done to me.

1. When Sarah says that Kathy was jealous she implies that Kathy didn’t like it when Sarah

A) had fun going out.

B) managed to buy the dress cheaply.

C) wore expensive clothes.

D) wore clothes smarter than her own.

2. When Sarah was buying a dress in a shop Kathy would

A) start to say slightly unkind things about it.

B) do her best to ensure that Sarah made the best buy.

C) insist that Sarah should buy a cheap dress.

D) be keen to buy a marvellous dress for herself.

3. When Sarah tried to “drop” her, Kathy

A) pretended to be busy.

B) went to see another friend.

C) felt hurt and lonely.

D) always took it easy.

4. “But as luck would have it” in means Kathy and Sarah

A) had the luck to get the tickets for the musical.

B) were happy to have made arrangements for the ball.

C) were looking forward to hearing their favourite singer.

D) had by chance two events on the same day.

5. Sarah couldn’t invite Kathy to come in because

A) their house was in a mess.

B) her mother was suffering from a bad headache.

C) her mother disapproved of her daughter’s friend.

D) Kathy had come to their house to nose around.

6. Kathy said she didn’t mind speaking to Sarah on the doorstep because she

A) didn’t want to make Sarah feel uncomfortable.

B) believed that Sarah’s Mum had a headache.

C) did not want anyone to overhear them talking.

D) was in a hurry to see her brother.

7. Sarah decided not to see Kathy again because

A) her mother forbade her.

B) she couldn’t forgive Kathy.

C) her mother was disappointed.

D) she wanted to revenge for her mother.

Задание 7. Прочитайте текст и выберете правильный вариант ответа

Alfred Bernhard Nobel, a Swedish inventor and philanthropist, bequeathed most of his vast fortune in trust as a fund from which annual prizes could be awarded to individuals and organizations who had achieved the greatest benefit to humanity in a particular year. Originally, there were six classifications for outstanding contributions designated in Nobel’s will including chemistry, physics, physiology or medicine, literature, and international peace. The prizes are administered by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm. In 1969, a prize for economics endowed by the Central Bank of Sweden was added. Candidates for the prizes must be nominated in writing by a qualified authority in the field of competition. Recipients in physics, chemistry, and economics are selected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; in physiology or medicine by the Caroline Institute; in literature by the Swedish Academy; and in peace by the Norwegian Nobel Committee appointed by Norway’s parliament. The prizes are usually presented in Stockholm on December 10, with the King of Sweden officiating, an appropriate tribute to Alfred Nobel on the anniversary of his death. Each one includes a gold medal, a diploma, and a cash award of about one million dollars.

1. What does this passage mainly discuss?

A) Alfred Bernhard Nobel

B) The Nobel prizes

C) Great contributions to mankind

D) Swedish philanthropy

2. Why were the prizes named for Alfred Bernhard Nobel?

A) He left money in his will to establish a fund for the prizes.

B) He won the first Nobel prize for his work in philanthropy.

C) He is now living in Sweden.

D) He serves as chairman of the committee to choose the recipients of the prizes.

3. How often are the Nobel prizes awarded?

A) Five times a year

B) Once a year

C) Twice a year

D) Once every two years

4. The word “outstanding” in this text could best be replaced by

A) recent

B) unusual

C) established

D) exceptional

5. The word “will” in this text refers to

A) Nobel’s wishes

B) A legal document

C) A future intention

D) A free choice

6. A Nobel prize would NOT be given to

A) an author who wrote a novel

B) a doctor who discovered a vaccine

C) a composer who wrote a symphony

D) a diplomat who negotiated a peace settlement

7. The word “one” in this text refers to

A) tribute

B) anniversary

C) prize

D) candidate

8. Which individual or organization serves as administrator for the trust?

A) The King of Sweden

B) The Nobel Foundation

C) The Central Bank of Sweden

D) Swedish and Norwegian academies and institutes

9. The word “appropriate” in this text is closest in meaning to

A) prestigious

B) customary

C) suitable

D) transitory

10. Why are the awards presented on December

A) It is a tribute to the King of Sweden.

B) Alfred Bernhard Nobel died on that day.

C) That date was established in Alfred Nobel’s will.

D) The Central Bank of Sweden administers the trust.

Задание 8. Прочитайте текст и выберете правильный вариант ответа

Lisa Tyier was weary after a long, hard day at the pottery factory where she works. But as she approached her home in the English city of Stoke-on-Trent, her heart lightened; soon she would be having a nice cup of tea, putting her feet up and watching Friends, her favourite TV series. But first, she needed to change out of her work clothes and pick up her three-year-old son from his grandmother's house nearby.

As Lisa walked up her garden path, she noticed a light flashing on and off in an upstairs bedroom. A shiver went down her back. What if it was a burglar? Quietly, she crept round to the back of the house to see if there was any sign of a break-in. Sure enough, a window was open and someone's coat was hanging on the gatepost!

Well, 26-year-old Lisa didn't fancy coming face to face with a burglar, so she ran to a neighbour's house and rang the police. But as she sat waiting for the police to arrive, Lisa's curiosity got the better of her and she decided to go back and see what was going on. That's when she saw a leg coming out of the downstairs front window. It was a man climbing out. Lisa gasped in shock. The burglar was carrying her portable television!

At this point, Lisa saw red. She didn't have many possessions and she'd saved long and hard to buy that set. Besides, nobody was going to stop her watching Friends.

“Oh no you don't”, she muttered under her breath, as the fury swelled inside her. Without even stopping to think, she tore across the garden and started shouting at the burglar. “Give me my TV-set, drop it now!” she screamed.

Ignoring her, the man fled across the garden. So Lisa threw herself at him and successfully rugby-tackled him to the ground. The burglar struggled to escape, but Lisa hung on like the best kind of guard dog despite being punched and kicked. As she looked up, she realised that she recognised the burglar's face. She was so surprised that she lost her grip and the burglar got away, leaving the TV behind in the garden.

By the time the police and her father arrived, Lisa was in tears. “I can't believe you were so foolish, Lisa”, scolded her father. “You could have been killed”.

“I know, but at least he didn't get my TV”, she replied.

Lisa later remembered the name of the burglar, who had been in the same year as her at school. He was later caught and jailed for 15 months after admitting burglary and assault. In May last year, Lisa was given a Certificate of Appreciation by Staffordshire Police, for her “outstanding courage and public action”. But in the future she intends to leave household security to a new member of her family, Chan, who is a real guard dog.

1. How was Lisa feeling as she walked home from work?

A) tired

B) anxious

C) depressed

D) relieved

2. What does “pick up” in this text mean?

A) contact

B) visit

C) collect

D) check

3. What first led Lisa to think there was a burglar in her house?

A) Something had been broken.

B) Something had been left outside.

C) Something was in the wrong place.

D) Something was moving inside.

4. Why didn't Lisa wait in her neighbour's house until the police arrived?

A) She was worried about losing her television.

B) She wanted to know what was happening.

C) She noticed something from her neighbour's window.

D) She realised that the burglar was leaving.

5. What does “Lisa saw red” in this text mean?

A) She got impatient.

B) She felt frightened.

C) She got angry.

D) She felt brave.

6. What happened when Lisa shouted at the burglar?

A) He tried to explain why he was there.

B) He fell over as he ran towards her.

C) He pretended not to have heard her.

D) He dropped the TV and attacked her.

7. What did Lisa's father do when he arrived?

A) He told her off.

B) He comforted her.

C) He praised her.

D) He argued with her.

8. How was the burglar caught?

A) Lisa was able to describe him.

B) He was found at another burglary.

C) Lisa realised she could identify him.

D) He was already known to the police.

Задание 9. Прочитайте текст и выберете правильный вариант ответа

Tonight, do yourself a favor. Shut off the TV, log off the Internet and unplug the phone. Relax, take a bath, maybe sip some herbal tea. Then move into the bedroom. Set your alarm clock for a time no less than eight hours in the future, fluff up your pillows and lay your head down for a peaceful night of restorative shut-eye. That’s what American doctors advise.

American sleep experts are sounding an alarm over America’s sleep deficit. They say Americans are a somnambulant nation, stumbling groggily through their waking hours for lack of sufficient sleep. They are working longer days – and, increasingly, nights – and they are playing longer, too, as TV and the Internet expand the range of round-the-clock entertainment options. By some estimates, Americans are sleeping as much as an hour and a half less per night than they did at the turn of the century – and the problem is likely to get worse.

The health repercussions of sleep deprivation are not well understood, but sleep researchers point to ills ranging from heart problems to depression. In a famous experiment conducted at the University of Chicago in 1988, rats kept from sleeping died after two and a half weeks. People are not likely to drop dead in the same way, but sleep deprivation may cost them their lives indirectly, when an exhausted doctor prescribes the wrong dosage or a sleepy driver weaves into someone’s lane.

What irritates sleep experts most is the fact that much sleep deprivation is voluntary. «People have regarded sleep as a commodity that they could shortchange», says one of them. “It’s been considered a mark of very hard work and upward mobility to get very little sleep. It’s a macho attitude”. Slumber scientists hope that attitude will change. They say people have learned to modify their behavior in terms of lowering their cholesterol and increasing exercise. Doctors also think people need to be educated that allowing enough time for sleep and taking strategic naps are the most reliable ways to promote alertness behind the wheel and on the job.

Well, naps would be nice, but at the moment, employers tend to frown on them. And what about the increasing numbers of people who work at night? Not only must they work while their bodies’ light-activated circadian rhythms tell them to sleep, they also find it tough to get to sleep after work. Biologists say night workers have a hard time not paying attention to the 9-to-5 day because of noises or family obligations or that’s the only time they can go to the dentist. There are not too many dentists open at midnight.

As one might imagine, companies are springing up to take advantage of sleeplessness. One of the companies makes specially designed shift-work lighting systems intended to keep workers alert around the clock. Shift-work’s theory is that bright light, delivered in a controlled fashion, can help adjust people’s biological clocks. The company president says they are using light like a medicine. So far, such special lighting has been the province of NASA astronauts and nuclear power plant workers. He thinks that in the future, such systems may pop up in places like hospitals and 24-hour credit-card processing centers. Other researchers are experimenting with everything from welder’s goggles (which night workers wear during the day) to human growth hormones. And, of course, there is always what doctors refer to as «therapeutic caffeine use», but everyone is already familiar with that.

So, is a good night’s sleep an impossible dream for Americans? Maybe so.

1. The advice of American doctors is all about

A) ways to reduce negative effect of modern technologies.

B) complex measures that ensure healthy sleep.

C) positive effect of herbal therapy.

D) the process of restoring from unexpected psychological stress.

2. Americans are referred to as a “somnambulant nation” because they

A) need special help to fall asleep.

B) are sleepwalkers.

C) regularly wake up at night.

D) don’t get enough sleep to function effectively.

3. Experiments with sleep deprivation proved that

A) it inevitably leads to death.

B) its repercussions have finally become predictable.

C) it is likely to result in cardio or nervous problems.

D) animal and human reaction are almost alike.

4. There is a tendency to sleep less because

A) people want to look tough at any cost.

B) people think they can reduce sleeping hours without any harm.

C) people have learned to cope with less sleep just as they have learned to lower cholesterol.

D) otherwise they lose career and social opportunities.

5. Having naps during the day would be nice, but

A) doctors do not find them effective.

B) people won’t take them voluntarily.

C) bosses are against this.

D) it is difficult to arrange.

6. People who work at night can hardly

A) fulfill traditional family obligations.

B) consult doctors when needed.

C) socialize to their liking.

D) ever sleep without ear-plugs.

7. The main aim of specially designed shift-work lighting system is

A) to help people feel alert at night.

B) to provide better lightning.

C) to prevent heart diseases.

D) to stimulate human growth hormones.

Задание 10. Прочитайте текст и выберете правильный вариант ответа

Thirty-five years ago, Malcolm Burwell was a very successful young actor appearing in number a of series on British television. He was lucky, he'd made it to the top quite quickly and had plenty of work. Hollywood directors had even begun to suggest that he might like to think of making his fortune across the Atlantic. But two things made Malcolm think twice about these offers. He didn't want to move his young family to the USA, and a mystery illness was beginning to throw his whole future into doubt.

Malcolm had a problem with his voice. It began to grow steadily weaker and weaker until hospital treatment became necessary. Before this finally took effect, however, he found he could hardly talk. As he remembers, “When you are in danger of losing something central to your career, it makes you think very hard. I have to say I learnt a lot from the experience”.

“My voice recovered, but it taught me the importance of getting the best out of what you've got. As it got better and stronger, I started doing things like public readings of poetry and pieces of literature, just to use it professionally again”. This turned out to be the start of a whole new direction for his career. So popular have these readings become, that Malcolm is now extremely familiar to people as the voice on a number of readings of best-selling books which have been recorded on to tape. Instantly recognisable, his voice is now a much sought-after commodity.

Malcolm first approached publishers with the idea of selling books on tape all those years ago. At first, they said that only blind people listened to books on tape. But times were changing and when he did eventually convince one of them to try it, instant success followed. Now the market for such tapes in Britain is worth Ј25 million a year.

Although Malcolm continues to work in television and theatre, it is his readings of literature that have really made his name. When he is recording Malcolm uses his voice to give an impression of the different characters. “I don't try to convince the audience that I am an 11 -year-old boy at one moment and his grandfather the next”, he says, “but I use my voice to try and make the listener believe that I've really got a story to tell them rather than just a book to read out”.

Malcolm carefully does his homework on any book he has agreed to record, although he knows that some actors do not. He tells the story of one well-known British actor whose enthusiastic producer commented on what a great thriller it was they were about to record. “Is it?” said the actor, opening the script for the first time. “Oh good. All very well”, says Malcolm, until you discover on page two hundred that the character you've given a Scottish accent to is supposed to come from Wales!

1. Why did Malcolm not go to the USA thirty-five years ago?

A) His family opposed it.

B) The offers weren't good enough.

C) He was in poor health.

D) He already had work in Britain.

2. What does “this” in this text refer to?

A) the treatment be received

B) the effects of losing his voice

C) the hospital he went to

D) the weakness of his voice

3. How did Malcolm's illness affect his career.

A) He could no longer do certain types of work.

B) He had to be very careful when using his voice.

C) It made him appreciate his voice more.

D) It forced him to look for new areas of work.

4. What does «sought-after» in this text mean?

A) makes a lot of money

B) everyone knows it

C) it cannot be copied

D) everyone wants it

5. How did publishers react initially to the idea of books on tape?

A) They thought the market was limited.

B) They thought nobody would buy them.

C) They were keen to open up a new market.

D) They realised it was a good idea.

6. When recording, Malcolm is keen to convince his listeners that

A) different people are reading the story.

B) he is actually telling them a story.

C) the events are really happening.

D) they are sitting in the theatre.

7. Malcolm relates the story about the other actor in order to show how

A) good he is.

B) difficult the job is.

C) important it is to prepare.

D) different approaches can work.

8. He won the fame due to

A) films

B) his new career

C) theatre

D) television