I. Определите, является ли утверждение:

1. There are more than thousand safety standards concerned with occupational safety.

A) истинным

B) в тексте нет информации

C) ложным

2. Several international safety organisations have their representations in Geneva.

A) ложным

B) в тексте нет информации

C) истинным

3. In ancient times safety was considered to be a matter of public concern.

A) истинным

B) в тексте нет информации

C) ложным

4. Occupational safety deals exclusively with risks encountered at construction sites.

A) в тексте нет информации

B) истинным

C) ложным

II. Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

1. Major fields of activity of people and institutions concerned with safety.

A) 3

B) 1

C) 2

D) 4

2. Today governmental and private agencies at the local, national, and international levels pay much attention to safety.

A) 3

B) 4

C) 2

D) 1

III. Выберете правильный вариант ответа на вопрос:

What is public safety concerned with?

A) It deals with establishing safety codes for nations?

B) It deals with accidents at work.

C) It deals with risks people encounter at home, on holiday, etc.

D) It deals with hazards people are exposed to in their offices.

IV. Определите основную идею текста:

A) Travel and recreation are in the scope of interests of public safety.

B) Safety concerns different spheres of modern life.

C) Safety in ancient times was not the same as it is today.

D) There are various organisations for exchanging information of safety.

Machines

1. Machine is a device, having a unique purpose, that replaces human or animal effort for the accomplishment of physical tasks. This broad category encompasses such simple devices as the lever, wedge, wheel and axle, pulley, and screw as well as such complex mechanical systems as the modern automobile. The operation of a machine may involve the transformation of chemical, thermal, electrical, or nuclear energy into mechanical energy, or vice versa, its function may simply be to modify and transmit forces and motions.

2. All machines have an input, an output, and a transforming or modifying and transmitting device. Machines that receive their input energy from a natural source, such as air currents, moving water, coal, petroleum or uranium, and transform it into mechanical energy are known as prime movers. Windmills, waterwheels, turbines, steam engines, and internal-combustion engines are prime movers. In these machines the inputs vary; the outputs are usually rotating shafts capable of being used as inputs to other machines, such as electric generators, hydraulic pumps, or air compressors.

3. All three of the latter devices may be classified as generators; their outputs of electrical, hydraulic, and pneumatic energy can be used as inputs to electric, hydraulic, or air motors. These motors can be used to drive machines with a variety of outputs, such as materials processing, packaging, or conveying machinery, or such appliances as sewing machines and washing machines. All machines of the latter type and all others that are neither prime movers, generators, nor motors may be classified as operators.

4. This category also includes manually operated instruments of all kinds, such as calculating machines and typewriters. In some cases, machines in all categories are combined in one unit. In a diesel-electric locomotive, for example, the diesel engine is the prime mover, which drivers the electric generator, which, in turn, supplies electric current to the motors that drive the wheels.