13. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. Did you go skiing last Sunday? 2. Who did you prepare your homework with? 3. What did you do last night? 4. Did your friend see the new film yesterday? 5. Where did you have supper? 6. Did you watch TV last Sunday? 7. Was the show interesting? 8. At what time did you go to bed? 9. Did you come home early or late yesterday? 10. What did you do before classes today? 11. Did you get a letter from your friend last week?

14. Поставьте общие и специальные вопросы к следующим предложе­ниям:

1. We listened to the latest news over the radio. 2. The meeting began at 3 o'clock. 3. My father left for London last week. 4. I got up late yesterday. 5. We went to the cinema a week ago. 6. We spent the holidays in the country last summer. 7. It was pleasant to bathe in the river in summer. 8. There were a lot of leaves on the ground in the park. 9. He asked the same question. 10. We went in for skating last winter.

Future Indefinite Tense.

Утвердительная форма	I shall read. He will read. She will read. It will read.	We shall read. You will read. They will read.
Отрицательная форма	I shall not read. He will not read. She will not read. It will read.	We shall not read. You will not read. They will not read.

Примечание. В современном разговорном языке существует сильная тенденция употреблять глагол will с 1-м лицом ед. и мн. Числа: I will, we will. В устной речи также часто используются сокращенные формы – I’ll, he’ll, we’ll и т.д.

Наречия и обстоятельственные словосочетания, часто употребляемые с будущим временем

tomorrow – завтра next month – в след. месяце next year – в будущем году

in an hour – через час in a week – через неделю soon – скоро

1. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык:

1. I shall become an engineer in two years. 2. I shall not stay in town on Sunday. 3. We shall invite them to the theatre tomorrow. 4. Next year we shall start for the Far East. 5. Tomorrow I shall get up early. 6. My parents will leave for Kiev next week. 7. She will enjoy skiing in the forest. 8. After dinner I shall have some tea. 9. It will take you a long time to master this speciality.

2. Вставьте глаголы shall или will:

1. In summer we … spend much time in the open air. 2. She … accept your invitation to spend the week-end at your place. 3. My friends … take part in the discussion. 4. They … watch TV in the evening. 5. This engineer … listen to the latest news over the radio. 6. Next month I … go to see my friends. 7. Tomorrow our children … have a good time in the country. 8. My parents … soon come back to Moscow. 9. You … enjoy the beautiful scenery of that country place.

3. Поставьте глагол в будущем неопределенном времени:

1. I (to visit) this museum next month. 2. The competition (to take place) in January. 3. All members of your group (to take part) in this work. 4. We (to have a rest) during the break. 5. The children (to go for a walk) in the

evening. 6. Your sister (to be glad) to see you. 7. Your brother (to meet) you at the station. 8. You (to enjoy) the film. 9. The boys (to be tired and hungry) after the skiing trip. 10. I hope you (not to be late) tomorrow.

4. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:

Помните, что русский глагол быть в будущем времени в зависимости от функции в предложении соответствует в английском языке либо

а) shall (will), либо б) shall be (will be):

Я буду читать. – I shall read (to read).

Я буду дома. – I shall be at home (to be at home).

1. Студенты будут работать на этом заводе. 2. Она приедет навестить нас на следующей неделе. 3. В конце месяца мы пойдем на художественную выставку. 4. Завтра она уйдет из дома в 10 часов. 5. Мы поедем в театр на метро. 6. Поезд отправится в 11 часов утра. 7. У них будет перерыв в 12 часов. 8. Экзамен продлится до 3 часов. 9. Сегодня дети лягут спать рано. 10. Скоро мы будем купаться в этой реке. 11. Мы будем рады видеть вас. 12. Ее не будет в институте завтра. 13. Завтра будет тепло.

5. Поставьте следующие предложения в отрицательную форму:

1. I shall go for a walk in the evening. 2. My friend will be too tired after this trip. 3. Tomorrow the lectire will begin in time. 4. We shall try to translate this book into English. 5. My son will meet you at the station. 6. It will rain tomorrow. 7. The football match will take place at the end of the month.

Модальные глаголы can, must, may

Утвердительная форма	Отрицательная форма	Вопросительная форма
I can read. He can read. She can read. We can read. You can read. They can read.	I cannot read. He cannot read. She cannot read. We cannot read. You cannot read. They cannot read.	Can I read? Can he read? Can she read? Can we read? Can you read? Can they read?

Утвердительная форма	Отрицательная форма		Вопросительная форма
I must go. He must go. She must go. We must go. You must go. They must go.	I must not go. He must not go. She must not go. We must not go. You must not go. They must not go.		Must I go? Must he go? Must she go? Must we go? Must you go? Must they go?
Сравните:
I must not go. He must not go. She must not go. We must not go. You must not go. They must not go.		I need not go. He needn’t go. She needn’t go. We needn’t go. You needn’t go. They needn’t go.
Выражает категорическое запрещение. В переводе – нельзя, не должен.		Выражает отсутствие необходимости и долженствования. В переводе не нужно, не надо.

Must I go home now? Yes, you must. Да (нужно, должен). Мне надо (должен я) No, you mustn’t. Нет (не должен). идти домой сейчас? No, you needn’t. Нет (не надо).
Утвердительная форма	Отрицательная форма	Вопросительная форма
I may go. He may go. She may go. We may go. You may go. They may go.	I may not go. He may not go. She may not go. We may not go. You may not go. They may not go	May I go? May he go? May she go? May we go? May you go? May they go?

May I come in? Yes, you may. Да (можно). Можно мне войти? No, you may not. Нет. No? you must not. Нет (нельзя).

Примечание. В устном разговорном языке существует сильная тенденция заменять глагол may (в значении разрешения) глаголом can.

5. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.

1. May I come in? No, you must not. 2. I cannot translate the text. 3. You must learn the words regulary. 4. She may come here today. 5. You needn’t take this book. 6. Must she prepare her homework today? 7. May I ask you a question? 8. Must I translate the text? No, you needn’t. 9. Can you speak English? 10. The students must not be late for classes. 11. Students must be attentive in class.

6. Дайте краткие и полные утвердительные и отрицательные ответы на следующие вопросы:

1. Can you speak English? 2. Can you take English books from the library? 3. Must I read or translate? 4. Must you work at your English regulary? 5. May I come in?

7. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы:

1. I can do the work. 2. She must go. 3. He may come in. 4. he can speak English well. 5. We must work at our design today. 6. You can tell them about he plan of your studies.

8. Поставьте специальные предложения к предложениям упражнения 7 по образцу:

We can do this work at home in the evening.

Who can do this work at home in the evening.
What What work Where When	can	we	do	at home in the evening? at home in the evening? this work in the evening? this work at home.

9. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:

1. Я могу пойти с вами? 2. Он может говорить по-английски? 3. Вы можете ответить на мой вопрос? 4. Мне можно войти? – Нет. 5. Вы можете взять мою ручку. 6. Мы должны показать ему наш проект. 7. Вам нельзя идти туда. 8. На уроке студенты должны говорить по-английски.

HOME. FAMILY.

A good laugh is sunshine in a house.

Thackeray (1811-1863)

1. Practice reading the following words and word combinations. Learn them by heart.

a five-storey building ['faiv'st :ri'bildiŋ] пятиэтаж­ное здание

a lift лифт

a hall прихожая

a mirror ['mirə] зеркало

a hall-stand вешалка

2. Answer the following questions.

1. Do you live in a five-storey building?

nine

twelve

2. What floor is your flat on?

3. Is there a lift in the house you live in?

4. Is your flat large or small?

5. How many rooms are there in your flat?

6. Is there a mirror in the hall of your flat?

7. Is there a hall-stand in your hall?

3. Practice reading the following words and word combinations. Learn them by heart.

furniture ['fə:nit∫ə] мебель

a square table квадратный стол

a round table круглый стол

a writing-desk письменный стол

a coffee table журнальный столик

a cupboard ['kΛbəd] шкаф, буфет

a sideboard ['saidbə:d] сервант

a wardrobe ['wə:droub] платяной шкаф

a bookcase книжный шкаф

a bookshelf книжная полка

a cosy sofa уютный диван

a thick carpet ['θik'kα:pit] толстый ковер

a cushion [ku∫ŋ] диванная подушка

a ceiling ['si:liŋ] потолок

a curtain [kə:tn] занавеска

a bedside table прикроватный столик

a dressing table туалетный столик

a wall lamp бра

a floor lamp (standard lamp) торшер

a wall-unit ['wə:l,junit] стенка /мебельная/

a piano [fjænou] пианино

4. Practice reading all possible questions and answers, using the following substitution patterns:

Is there a table

Sofa sideboard wardrobe writing-desk coffee table bookcase wall-unit carpet piano TV-set

in your room?

Yes, there is a

large square table little cosy sofa big brown sideboard big brown wardrobe large writing-desk little round coffee table big brown bookcase big brown wall-unit thick red carpet big black piano big colour TV-set

in our room.

5. Work "in a chain," asking and answering the above question. Each time ask about a different piece of furniture.

E.g. A (to B).Is there a table in your room?

В (to A). Yes, there is a large square table in our room.

(to C). Is there a sofa in your room?

С (to В). Yes, there is a little cosy sofa in our room.

(to D). Is there a sideboard in your room?

D (to C). Yes, there is a big brown sideboard in our room.

(to E). Is there a wardrobe in you room? etc.

6. Practice reading the following words and word combinations. Learn them by heart.

a living-room жилая комната

a bedroom спальня

a study ['stΛdi] кабинет

a kitchen кухня

a bathroom ванная комната

a toilet туалет

in front [frΛnt] of перед

to the right (of) направо /от/

to the left (of) налево /от/

in the middle посередине

opposite ['əpəzit] напротив

near около

in the corner в углу

between [bi'twi:n] между

behind [bi'haind] за, позади

7. Practice reading the following question and answer. Learn them by heart.

Where is the sofa in your living-room?

It is at the wall to the right of the door.

8. Work "in a chain," asking and answering questions, using the following substitution patterns:

Where is the		table sofa sideboard wall-unit piano TV-set coffee-table writing-desk bookcase bed bedside table dressing table wardrobe carpet		in your	living-room? study bedroom
It's	in the middle of the room. in front of the TV-set at the wall in the corner of the room to the right of the door to the left of the window opposite the door etc.

E. g.A(to B). Where is the table in your living-room?

В(to A). It's in the middle of the room.

(to C). Where is the wall-unit in your living-room?

С(to B). It's at the wall to the right of the door.

(to D). Where is the writing-desk in your study?

D(to C). It's opposite the window.

(to E). Where is the dressing table in your bed-room?

etc.

9. Practice reading the following words and word combinations. Learn them by heart.

an entrance ['entrəns] door входная дверь

armchairs ['α:mt∫εəz] кресла

receive [ri'si:v] our guests принимаем гостей

a refrigerator [ri'fridзəreitə] холодильник

a gas-cooker газовая плита

have our meals [mi:lz] едим

wash the dishes моем посуду

a stool табуре

10. Read the text.

Tom Brown Speaks about his Flat

Our flat is on the sixth floor of a big twelve-storey building. In our flat we have three rooms, a kitchen, a hall, a bathroom and a toilet.

The first place you get to when you enter our flat is the hall. It is rather large. To the left of the entrance door there is a hall-stand, where we hang our overcoats and put our hats when we take them off. To the right of the entrance door there is a large mirror with a little table under it.

Our living-room is large. The floor of our living-room is yellow, the ceiling is white, the walls are blue. The curtains on the windows are brown.

There is a large brown sideboard in our living-room. It is at the wall to the right of the door. In the sideboard there are many plates, cups and glasses. There are some fine vases in the sideboard, too.

There is a cosy red sofa in our living-room. It is at the wall to the left of the door. There are some cushions on the sofa. There is a little black coffee-table in front of the sofa. There are some newspapers and magazines on the coffee-table.

We have a large colour TV-set in the living-room. It is in the corner of the room on a little table. There is a big vase on the TV-set. There are usually some beautiful flowers in the vase. There are two cosy armchairs in our living-room. They are in front of the TV-set.

There are some fine pictures on the walls of our living-room.

We usually spend our free time in the living-room, reading, talking or watching TV. We receive our guests in the living-room, too.

Our bedroom is not very large. The walls of our bedroom are pink, the curtains on the window are yellow. In our bedroom we have two beds. There is a little bedside table between the beds.

There is a large yellow wardrobe in our bedroom. It is at the wall to the right of the door. There are some clothes in the wardrobe.

In the corner of the bedroom there is a small dressing table with a mirror over it.

Our study is small. The walls of our study are brown, the curtains on the window are green.

In our study we have a little writing-desk. It is in front of the window. There are some pens, pencils and exercise-books on the writing-desk. There is a large brown bookcase in our study. It is at the wall to the left of the writing-desk. There are many books in it.

Our kitchen is small. There is a refrigerator in the kitchen. The refrigerator is white. There is a gas-cooker in the kitchen. The gas-cooker is black. There is a cupboard at the wall and a little table in the middle of the kitchen. There are some stools round the table.

In the kitchen we cook, have our meals and wash the dishes.

11. Answer the following questions.

1. What floor is the Browns' flat on? What kind of building is their flat in?

2. Is their flat large or small? How many rooms are there in it?

3. What is the first place you get to when you enter the Browns' flat?

4. What is there in their hall?

5. Where do the Browns hang their coats when they take them off?

6. Is the living-room large or small?

7. What colour is the floor in the living-room? What colour is the ceiling? What colour are the walls? What colour are the curtains on the windows?

8. Is there a sideboard in the living-room? What colour is it? Where is it? What do the Browns keep in their sideboard?

9. Is there a sofa in the living-room? Is it cosy? What colour is it? Where is it? What is there on the sofa?

10. Do the Browns have a coffee-table in their liv­ing-room? Where is it? What is there on the coffee-table?

11. What kind of TV-set do the Browns have? Where is the TV-set? What is there on the TV-set?

12. How many armchairs are there in the Browns' living-room? Are the armchairs cosy? Where are they?

13. Do the Browns have pictures in their living-room? Where are the pictures?

14. Is there a carpet in their living-room?

15. What do the Browns usually do in their living-room?

16. Is the bedroom in the Browns' flat large?

17. What colour are the walls in the bedroom? What colour are the curtains on the window?

18. How many beds are there in the bedroom? What is there between the beds?

19. Where do the Browns keep their clothes? What colour is their wardrobe? Where is it?

20. Do the Browns have a mirror in their bedroom?

21. What is the third room in the Browns' flat?

22. Is the study large? What colour are the walls in the study? What colour are the curtains on the window?

23. Is there a writing-desk in the study? Is it large or small? Where is it? What is there on the writing-desk?

24. Do the Browns have many books? Where do they keep them? Where is the bookcase?

25. What do the Browns have in their kitchen? What colour is the refrigerator? What colour is the gas-cooker?

26. Where is the table in the kitchen? Are there chairs round the table?

27. What do the Browns do in their kitchen?

12. Ask your classmates as many questions as you can about their flats.

13. Using the material of the above text, speak about your flat

14. Practice reading the following words and word combinations. Learn them by heart.

moved into the new flat переехали в новую квар­тиру

a house-warming party новоселье

all modern conveniences [kən'vi:njənsiz] все совре­менные удобства

a multi-storey house многоэтажный дом

convenient [kən'vi:njənt] удобно

15. Learn the following dialogue.

A. Have you already moved into the new flat?

B. Oh yes, we have, and we expect you to come to our house-warming party next Sunday.

A. Thank you, I'll he very glad. Is it a two-room flat?

B. Yes, a very nice one, with all modern conveniences.

A. Is it in a multistorey house?

B. It's a nine-storey building, five minutes from the metro.

A. Well, it's very convenient, isn't it?

B. Of course.

16. Render the contents of the dialogue in indirect speech.

17. Practice reading the following words, word combinations and sentences. Learn them by heart.

it's papered pale grey она оклеена светло-серыми обоями

cream coloured ['kΛləd] кремового цвети

a profession профессия

favourite ['feivərit] любимый

after a hard day's work после трудного рабочего дня

you mean [mi:n] ты имеешь в виду

the pet of the whole [houl] family любимец всей семьи

square metres ['skwεə'mi:təz] квадратные метры

18. Learn the following dialogue

A. Is your living-room large?

B. It's about 23 square metres. It's papered pale grey and there are cream coloured curtains on the two large windows.

A. Is there a carpet on the floor?

B. Yes, we have a thick red carpet on the floor in the middle of the room. Here is a photo of the room.

A. And who is that sitting at the piano?

B. It's my sister.

A. Is music her profession?

B. Yes, she teaches music at school.

A. The sofa with cushions in the corner looks very comfortable.

B. It's my mother's favourite place, you know. It is in front of the TV-set, as you can see, and moth­er likes to rest there after a hard day's work and enjoy a TV programme.

A. If there is anything to enjoy, you mean.

B. You are right.

A. And who is the little boy standing at the small table between the windows?

B. That's Nick, my elder sister's son, and the pet of the whole family.

A. I see.

B. I hope you'll come to spend a week-end at our house some day. It takes ten minutes to get there by metro.

A. I'll be glad to come, thank you.

19. Render the contents of the dialogue in indirect speech.

20. Practice reading the following words, word combinations and sentences. Learn them by heart.

why didn't you wire [waiə] почему ты не телеграфировал

all of a sudden внезапно

dirty ['də:ti] грязный

a bath ванна

a shower [∫auə] душ

a suitcase ['sju:tkeis] чемодан

there's nothing like a hot bath ничего нет лучше горячей ванны

I'll run some water into the bath я пущу воду в ванну

a sponge [spΛndз] губка, мочалка

soap [soup] мыло

a soap-dish мыльница

bath-soap банное мыло

a towel ['tauəl] полотенце

underwear ['Λndəwεə] нижнее белье

I've already taken my things off я уже разделся

never mind [maind] ничего

21. Learn the following dialogue.

A. Why it's John! Why didn't you wire that were coming, old man¹?

В. Had no time, it happened all of a sudden, you know. I am afraid I am quite dirty. May I have a wash?

A. Yes, certainly. A bath or a shower? Which would you like? Just give me your coat and hat.

B. Thank you. Can I put my suitcase here, near the hall-stand?

A. All right, I'll take it to your room later. And now we'll go straight to the bathroom, shall we?

B. Yes, let's. I think I'd better take a hot bath. There's nothing like a hot bath when you are tired, you know.

A. Quite right. I'll run some water into the bath for you. Here's a sponge for you.

B. Thanks. Which soap shall I take?

A. That piece, in the green soap-dish. It's bath-soap.

B. All right. Oh, I quite forgot to take my towel and my underwear out of my case! And I have already taken off my

things.

A. Never mind. I'll bring you everything you need. As to a towel, there is one on the towel rack, nobody has used it yet,

it's a bath towel.

B. Oh, thank you.

A. Not at all. Come to the kitchen after your bath, we'll have coffee, and then I'll show you round the flat.

B. All right.

22. Render the contents of the dialogue in indirect speech.

23. Practice reading the following words, word combinations and sentences. Learn them by heart.

still cleaning up? все еще делаешь уборку?

I've already aired [εəd] and dusted the rooms я уже проветрила комнаты и вытерла пыль

the breakfast things посуда /после завтрака/

to wipe the dishes вытирать посуду

a tea-cloth ['ti:kləθ] посудное полотенце

cutlery [kΛtləri] ложки, вилки и ножи

to scrub the pots and pans чистить кастрюли и сковородки

to peal potatoes чистить картошку

24. Learn the following dialogue

A. Good morning, dear. Still cleaning up?

B. I've already aired and dusted the rooms and now I am going to wash up the breakfast things. Won't you come into

the kitchen with me?

A. Certainly. I'll help you to wipe the dishes. Where is your tea-cloth?

B. There is no need to wipe them. I put them to dry on the rack here.

A. Do you? Let me see the rack. Oh, that's a good thing. I'll tell Mom to buy one, too. Well, what shall I do?

B. You can clean the cutlery and I'll scrub the pots and pans. Would you like to help me with the cooking?

A. I'd love to, but I am a bad cook, I am afraid. Still, I can peel potatoes.

B. Very good. Please peel these potatoes and wash the vegetables.

А. О. К.

25. Render the contents of the dialogue In Indirect speech.

26. Practice reading the following words, word combinations and sentences. Learn them by heart.

the wrong key ['rəŋ'ki:] не тот ключ

doesn't fit into the keyhole ['ki:houl] не лезет в замочную скважину

let me help you off with your coat давай мне пальто

a peg крючок

I should say я бы сказал/а/

floor space площадь /метраж/

wall-paper обои

the windows face south-west окна выходят на юго-запад

a view [vju:] вид

to do our shopping делать покупки

there is one thing lacking одного не хватает

you are mistaken ты ошибаешься

a built-in wardrobe встроенный шкаф

necessary ['nesisəri] необходимо

dry foods сухие продукты

a sink раковина /в кухне/

a rack for dishes сушилка для посуды

27. Learn the following dialogue.

A. Well, here is our new flat.

B. When did you move in?

A. About two weeks ago. Last Saturday we had a housewarming party.

B. Do you like your new flat?

A. Yes. It's a nice flat of three rooms with all mod­ern conveniences. Just a moment, this must be the wrong key, it

doesn't fit into the keyhole... Now it's all right... Just walk in.

B. Oh, the hall is rather large.

A. Let me help you off with your coat. Hang your hat on that peg up there... Now I'll show you round the flat. This

door leads to the living-room.

B. A rather large room, I should say. What's the floor space?

A. About 23 square metres, I believe.

B. I like the wall-paper.

A. There is not enough furniture. We want to buy a coffee-table and two or three armchairs to make the room look

cosy.

B. The windows face south-west, don't they?

A. So they do. We have sunshine the greater part of the day. Now, this glassed door opens on the balcony.

B. Oh, what a fine view you get from here! That building on the left is a school, I believe.

A. Right you are. And on the right you will see a su­permarket. So we needn't go far to do our shopping.

B. That's fine. It saves a lot of time, doesn't it?

A. Now here is one of our bedrooms. Would you like to see it?

B. I'll just look in... The room really looks fine. You've got everything a bedroom should have: beds, a bedside table, a

dressing table, a mirror over it... Well, but there is one thing lacking. I see no wardrobe.

A. This time you are mistaken, there is one. We have a built-in wardrobe. Here it is.

B. How very convenient! And it is so large! You can keep a lot of clothes in it.

A. Now shall I take you to our kitchen?

B. Yes, please. I would like to see your kitchen very much.

A. Well, here we are. As you see, we have all con­veniences necessary for cooking: a gas stove, a refrigerator, a built-in

cupboard for dry foods and dishes, two shelves and a sink with a rack for dishes above.

B. Well, thank you for showing me everything. I like your new flat very much.

28. Render the contents of the dialogue in indirect speech.

29. Practice reading the following question and answer. Learn them by heart.

I say, Tom, do you help your parents about the house? Why, of course I do. Don't you?

30. Work "in a chain," asking and answering the above question.

E.g. A (to B).I say, B, do you help your parents about the house?

В (to A).Why, of course I do. Don't you? (to C).I say, C, do you help your parents about

the house?

С (to B).Why, of course I do. Don't you? (to D).I say, D, do you help your parents

about the house?

D(to C).Why, of course I do. Don't you? etc.

31. Practice reading the following words, word combinations and sentences. Learn them by heart.

share [∫εə] доля, участие

daily household chores [t∫ə:z] ежедневные дела по хозяйству

I dust the furniture я вытираю пыль с мебели

I sweep and wash the floors подметаю и мою полы

I vacuum ['vækjuəm] clean the sofa and the armchairs чищу пылесосом диван и кресла

I beat the carpets выбиваю ковры

I wash the dishes мою посуду

I wash the sink in the kitchen мою раковину в кухне

I empty the dustbin выношу мусор из мусорного ведра

I do washing делаю стирку

I wash my socks and handkerchiefs [hæŋkət∫i:fs] стираю свои носки и носовые платки

I do shopping хожу в магазин

32. Practice reading the following question:

What's you share in the daily household chores?

33. Work "in a chain," asking the above question and each time giving a different answer (see list of sentences in No. 31).

E.g. A (to B). What's your share in the daily household chores?

В (to A).Well, I dust the furniture.

(to C). What's your share in the daily household chores?

С (to B).Well, I sweep and wash the floors.

(to D).What's your share in the daily household chores?

D (to C). Well, I vacuum clean the sofa. etc.

34. Practice reading the following words, word combinations and sentences. Learn them by heart.

the first to get up встаю/встает/ первым

an alarm-clock [ə'lα:mklək] будильник

to get to school добираться до школы

how long does it take you сколько времени у тебя уходит

in the breaks [breiks] на переменах

a school canteen [kæn'ti:n] школьный буфет /столовая/

classes are over уроки окончены

to stay in after classes оставаться после уроков

extra-curricular ['ekstrəkə'rikjulə] activities [ək'tivitiz] внеклассная работа

members of your family члены вашей семьи

immediately [i'mi:diətli] немедленно, сразу же

feel like drinking хочу пить

to ring up your friends звонить вашим друзьям

just to pass away the time просто чтобы провести время

the last to go to bed ложусь /ложится/ спать последним

to air the bedroom проветривать спальню

to sleep with the window open спать с открытым окном

35. Answer the following questions.

1. How many are you in the family?

2. Who does your family consist of?

3. Who is the first to get up in the morning in your family?

4. Have you got an alarm-clock?

5. Who wakes you up in the morning?

6. What does your morning begin with?

7. Do you do your morning exercises every morning?

8. Do you take a shower (a bath) in the morning or do you just wash your face and hands?

9. Do you clean your teeth in the morning or in the evening?

10. You have breakfast in the kitchen don't you?

11. Who prepares your breakfast?

12. Do you feel hungry early in the morning?

13. Do you usually have a light or big breakfast?

14. What do you do after breakfast?

15. Is your school near your house or far from it?

16. How do you get to school: do you walk or do you take a bus or a tram?

17. How long does it take you to get to school?

18. When does the first lesson begin?

19. How many lessons a day do you have?

20. What do you do in the breaks?

21. Do you have lunch at school? At what time? Do you bring your lunch from home or do you go to the school canteen? What kind of lunch can you get at your school canteen?

22. When is the last lesson over?

23. Do you always go home at once when classes are over, or do you sometimes stay in after classes? What for?

24. Do you take part in any extra-curricular activi­ties in school?

25. When do you usually come home from school?

26. When you come home, you have dinner, don't you? Do you have dinner alone or with the mem­bers of your family?

27. Do you begin doing your homework immediate­ly after dinner or do you rest a little? How do you rest? How long?

28. How long does it usually take you to do your homework?

29. Do you feel like drinking a cup of tea or coffee when your homework is ready?

30. Do you go for a walk when your homework is done or do you stay at home?

31. When do your parents come home from work?

32. Do you help your parents with the house work? What do you do?

33. Who usually washes the dishes in your family? Who cleans the flat? Who dusts the furniture? Who sweeps the floor?

34. Do you often ring up your friends in the evening?

35. How is the evening usually spent in your family?

36. Are you fond of watching TV? Are there any TV programmes which you especially like and try to watch regularly, or do you turn on TV just to pass away the time?

37. Who is the last to go to bed in your family?

38. When do you go to bed?

39. Do you air the bedroom before going to bed or do you sleep the whole night with the window open?

40. Do you like to read in bed?

36. Ask your classmates as many questions as you can about how they spend their day.

37. Practice reading the following words, word combinations and sentences. Learn them by heart.

a friendly family дружная семья

a family of her own [oun] своя семья

a scientist ['saiəntist] ученый

he is on the wrong [rəŋ]] side of sixty ему уже за шестьдесят

to retire [ri'taiə] уйти на пенсию

works part-time работать неполный рабочий день /неделю/

delivers [də'livəz] lectures ['lekt∫əz] читает лекции

does scientific [saiən'tifik] work занимается научной работой

the head of the family глава семьи

keeps house ведет домашнее хозяйство

recognized ['rekəgnaizd] признанный

drives mother to work отвозит маму на работу

senior ['si:niə] formers старшеклассники

to relax [n'læks] отдохнуть, расслабиться

to visit or receive [ri'si:v] friends навещать или принимать друзей

relations [ri'lei∫nz] родственники

I enjoy [in'dзəi] quiet Saturday evenings я очень люблю тихие субботние вечера

nobody is in a hurry никто не торопится

discussing our everyday affairs [ə'fεəz] обсуждая наши повседневные дела

something delicious [di'li∫əs] что-нибудь очень вкусное

38. Read the story.

Our Family

We are a large and friendly family. There are six of us: grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, my younger sister and 1.1 have an elder sister, too, she is 22 years old, but she does not live with our family. She is married. She has a little family of her own: a husband and a child — a two-year old boy.

Our grandfather is a scientist. He is on the wrong side of sixty, but he does not want to retire. He works at the university. He works part-time. He goes to the university two or three times a week and delivers lectures to students and does scientific work. On the days when he is at home, he works in his study, preparing for his lectures and writing a

book.

Our grandmother is retired. She was a teacher and worked at school. She is the recognized head of the family. She keeps house. Of course we help her about the house: all of us do our share in daily household chores. My sister washes the dishes, sweeps and washes the floor, washes the sink in the kitchen. My work is emptying the dustbin, beating the carpets, dusting and vacuum cleaning. Our mother and father do most of the shopping. My mother and sister also do washing. But most of the cooking is done by grandmother. She is a wonderful cook, and all our family likes her cooking very much.

Father is a doctor. He works at a large hospital. Mother is an economist and she works at a bank. Both our parents are very busy. Father has a car. In the morning he drives mother to work, then he goes to his hospital. Father also always drives grandfather to work on his university days.

My sister and I go to school. We are both senior formers, so naturally school takes up a lot of our time. We spend most of the afternoons and evenings doing our homework.

At the weekend we are not so busy as on week days, and we can relax: visit or receive friends or relations or just go for a walk. I also enjoy quiet Saturday evenings, when all the members of our friendly family are at home and nobody is in a hurry, and we are quietly sitting in our large and comfortable living-room, talking, joking, discussing our everyday affairs and drinking nice hot cups of tea with something delicious prepared by grand­mother.

39. Using the material of the above story, speak about your family.

40. Practice reading the following words and word combinations. Learn them by heart.

linen ['linən] белье

a sheep овца

is worth [wə:θ] стоит /чего-нибудь/

on the wrong [rəŋ] side не с той стороны

41. Learn the following proverbs and sayings.

Every day is not Sunday. He каждый день — воскре­сенье.

Don't wash your dirty linen in public. He стирайте свое грязное белье на людях.

As you make your bed, so you must lie on it. Какую постель себе приготовишь, на такой и будешь лежать.

Every family has a black sheep. В каждой семье есть своя черная овца /ср. "В семье не без урода."/

There is no place like home. Нет места лучше дома.

Like father like son. Каков отец, таков и сын.

An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. Один час утром стоит двух часов вечером.

A little pot is soon hot. Маленький котелок быстро нагревается.

Men make houses, women make homes. Мужчины создают дома, а женщины — домашний очаг.

Не got out of bed on the wrong side. Он встал с кровати не с той стороны.

42. Think of situations or short stories to illustrate each of the above proverbs and sayings.

Easy reading

Scotland

Scotland is a land of paradox. A small nation, its presence is felt all over the world. It is a country of preachers and poets, warriors and dreamers, inventors and explorers.

The country is only 440 kilometers (275 miles) long, and just over 240 kilometers (150 miles) at its broadest point, yet no one lives more than 65 kilometers (40 miles) from salt water.

You can find Scots all over the world from Alaska to Africa, and from the remote parts of India to Russia there are people of Scottish descent. The Russian poet Lermontov was a descendant of a Scotsman called Learmonth, who himself was a descendant of the medieval Scottish poet Thomas the Rhymer.

History is full of Scottish names - the poet Robert Burns, the explorer David Livingstone, the inventor Alexander Bell ...

If your name is Mac-some tiling you probably descend from clansmen. 'Mac' is part of a great many Scottish surnames, and its meaning is 'son'. It is sometimes spelt 'M' or 'Mc', but it is pronounced just the same as 'Mac'.

In some places 'son' is used instead of 'Mac': MacDonald, Donaldson. The clan MacDonald is one of the oldest, it dates back to the 13th century.

A Typical Day in Australia

Family life and "the great outdoors" mean the same thing in Australia. In summer the sun comes up quite early and it is already j warm by 7.00 a.m. You never want to stay in bed like English people! Most people live near a beach or a big swimming pool. So very often all the family go for an early morning swim.

The young mothers who don't work spend a lot of the day at the beach. It's a healthy way for young children to grow up and nearly every child can swim well. When Dad comes home from work the family often has another swim, or they relax in the garden with a glass of cold beer. In summer a lot of families have a barbecue in the evening as it often stays light till 10.00 p.m. After work a lot of people go to one of the big clubs in their area. Here you can eat, drink, swim, play squash, or win and lose money on the gambling machines. Sometimes friends come to the house unexpectedly for a talk and a drink. Life is informal.

Say what you like and what you don't like about life in Australia.

Easy Reading

Cosmopolitan Britain

Are you going to London soon? If so, ask someone to take you to Portobello Road. It has a colourful street market. But I think most fascinating part of it is the people of every race and colour who go there.

Hundreds of porters, cleaners and conductors in the Tube and buses of London are West Indians. All over London you can find Pakistani restaurants. In Soho there are Italians, Greeks and many Chinese that part of Soho is actually called "China-Town".

Britain has always recieved immigrants. There are over a million Irish people who have come to Britain to get better jobs and higher wages.

Since 1950 great numbers of settlers have come from the West Indies, Pakistan and India. Others have come from Hong Kong, Cyprus, Malta and the "Old Dominions" like Australia.

All immigrants have brought something worthwhile. The hard work of the Chinese, the music (and cheerfulness) of the West Indians and strong family life of the Pakistanis and people from Bangla Desh can all teach something. They add some life and colour to our drab British cities. Go to a West Indian Party or watch the Chinese New Year celebrations in Soho and you will agree.

(Celia Bishop. Shortened from "Modern English")

Read the text to see if it contains some new information, discussing that, please, begin with: "It's new to me that..."

The first really important pop group was the Beatles, who their first hot record in 1962. They came from Liverpool, a town the North of England. Their music was hard and loud. It was influenced by American soul music, rhythm 'n' blues and rock 'n' roll. Playing in small clubs, with poor equipment, they had to rely on the beat produced by drums, bass and rhythm guitars.

The Beatles went to Hamburg, in Germany, several times between 1959 and 1961, where they played for several hours each evening in small clubs. Because of their long experience, by 1961 they played their instruments better than most of the other local groups. But what made the Beatles special was the singing a songwriting of John Lennon and Paul McCartney.

The group got a clever manager, a recording contract and very good record producer. They had a series of hit records including "Please, Please Me", "From Me to You", "She Loves You",' "I Want to Hold Your Hand", "Can't buy Me Love", "Hard Day's Night", "Help", etc.

By 1963 they achieved everything in Britain - their records all went to number one in the charts - so they turned to America and had even greater success. After two months in America, in early 1964, they had the top five records in the charts.

After 1963 the Beatles concentrated on films and albums (long- playing records).

By 1967 the Beatles started to grow apart. Lennon was interested in left-wing politics, Ringo Starr - in acting. They formed their own record company and made the white Album (1968), Abbey Road (1969), and Let it be (1970), but after business problems and personal disagreements they split up in 1970.

By Jan Mackenzie from BBC "Modern English" (abridged)

Can you add anything to the information given in the above text? Try and do.

UFOs

A UFO is an Unidentified Flying Object. Every year in Britain, about 10.000 people see UFOs. But only about one percent of these UFOs are really unidentified. Usually the scientists have an explanation. In 1978 there was a famous UFO appearance in Tehran, the capital of Iran. When the UFO appeared in the sky early one morning in February, an Iranian Air Force plane tried to get close to it. But the plane's radio stopped working and it had to come down. A second plane tried to get close to the UFO, and this time a smaller UFO moved out of the first UFO and approached the plane. Again the plane's radio stopped working. The plane dived to escape and the smaller UFO returned to the "mother" ship. The plane's radio started working again. Eventually the UFO moved away. So what are UFOs? Are they space ships? Or are they meteors? Or do people just imagine that they see them?

from "Crown"

Have you ever seen a UFO? When and where did you see it?

Do you know a person who has seen a UFO?

What did he (she) say?

Do you believe in extraterrestrials?

15. Write. Translate into Russian.

Everything was better when we were younger. It seems to me that they are building staircases steeper than they used to be. May be this is because it is so much farther today from the first to the second floor, but I've noticed it is getting harder to make two steps at a time any more.

Another thing I've noticed is the small print they are using lately. Newspapers are getting farther and farther away when I hold them... Everything is farther than it used to be. It's twice the distance from my house to the station now. The trains leave sooner, too. I've given up running for them because they start faster these days when I try to catch them.

A lot of other things are different lately. Revolving doors revolve much faster than they used to. I let a couple of openings go past me j before I jump in. It's the same with golf, I'm giving it up because these modern golf balls they sell are so hard to pick up.

Even the weather is changing. It's colder in winter and the summers are hotter than they used to be. Snow is heavier when I try to shovel it, and I put on rubbers whenever I go out, because rain today is wetter than the rain we used to get. Draughts are more severe, too. It must be the way they build windows now.

People are changing, too. They seem to be more polite than in my time. They call me "Sir" and help me cross streets.

While I was shaving this morning, I stopped for a moment and looked at my own reflection in the mirror. They don't seem to use the same kind of glass in mirrors any more.

(By Corey Ford "How to guess your age")

Is the Earth's Climate Changing?

18000 years ago, much of Europe lay buried beneath vast she of ice, hundreds of meters thick. Ever since this astonishing fact was discovered in the last century, scientists have speculated on the nature of the Ice Age climate, and the circumstances that brought it to an end.

More recently, people have wondered if climate changes could be taking place in our time.

Even small changes in climate that occur from time to time can have a highly damaging effect on agriculture. It is therefore vitally important for us to understand how climatic changes take place.

Equally important is the need to understand why such changes occur. Until recently we have assumed that variations in regional and global climate observed over centuries resulted from natural phenomena. But there is now some tentative evidence suggesting that man's activities are already affecting local climates, and may affect regional and even climatic patterns in the future.

There are several ways in which man could be altering regional and global climate. First, the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere is increasing, as a result of burning fossil fuels. Second, the atmospheric transparency is decreasing, because of particular matter (dust, sulfates, liquid droplets, etc.) that is injected into the atmosphere from such activities as industry, cars and agriculture. Next - deforestation, irrigation, urbanization and agriculture are changing the albedo of the Earth's surface. (The albedo is the percentage of incoming solar radiation that is directly reflected outward). Fourth, the atmosphere is being directly heated by the burning of fossil and nuclear fuels. And finally, oil films from spills and blowouts are altering the rate of thermal energy transfer between the oceans and the atmosphere.

(abridged from "Panorama" by Ray Williams)

5.Write out all the passive forms from the passage below.

The first mechanical calculator was produced by Blaise Pascal in l642. Others tried to improve on it but not until the nineteenth century was any real progress made. In 1801 a Frenchman named Jacquard invented a punched card system for controlling the threads on his weaving looms. Charles Babbage followed in 1833 with his "Analytical Engine", which could perform calculations automatically, using punched cards. This was the first digital computer (a machine that performs calculations with numbers). The American Hollerith system also used punched cards, but the calculating machinery was operated by electromagnetic means. It was introduced in 1889 and was generally used in a highly developed form right up to the wide­spread introduction of electronic computers in the 1950s.

(from "How It Works... The Computer" by David Cavey)

Easy Reading

А White Christmas

I am dreaming

Of a white Christmas

Just like the ones

I used to know

Where the trees tops glisten

And children listen

To hear silver bells in the snow

I am dreaming of a white Christmas

With every Christmas card I write

May your days be merry and bright

And may all your Christmases be white.

The Errors of Santa Claus

It was Christmas Eve.

The Browns, who lived in the adjoining house, came to dine with the Jones.

After the dinner Brown and Jones were sitting over wine and walnuts at the table. The others were upstairs.

"What are you giving to your boy for Christmas?" asked Brown.

"A train", said Jones, "new kind of thing-automatic".

"Let's have a look at it", said Brown.

Jones fetched a parcel from the sideboard and began unwrapping it.

"Ingenious thing, isn't it", he said, "goes on its own rails. Queer how kids love to play with trains, isn't it?"

"Yes", agreed Brown, "how are the rails fixed?"

"Wait, I'll show you," said Jones, "help me to put these dinner things aside and roll back the cloth. There! See! You lay the rails like that and fasten them at the ends so - "

"Oh, yes, I catch on. Just the thing to amuse a child, isn't it? I got Willie a toy airplane".

"I know they're great. I got Edwin one on his birthday. I told him Santa Claus was going to bring him something altogether new this time. Edwin, of course, believes in Santa Claus absolutely. Say, look at this locomotive, would you? It has a spring coiled up inside the fire box".

"Let's see her go".

"All right", said Jones.

Half and hour later Brown and Jones were still playing trains on the dining-room table.

But their wives upstairs in the drawing-room hardly noticed their absence. They were too much interested. They were so busy stitching doll's clothes that they could not hear the roaring of the little train up and down the dinning-table, and had no idea what the four children were doing.

"Dandy, aren't they?" Edwin Jones was saying to little Willie Brown, as they sat in Edwin's bedroom. "A hundred in a box, with cork tips, and see, an amber mouthpiece that fits into a little case at the side. Good present for Dad, eh?"

"Fine", said Willie appreciatively. "I'm giving Father cigars".

"I know, I thought of cigars too. Men always like cigars and cigarettes. You can't go wrong on them. Say, would you like to try one or two of these cigarettes? We can take them from the bottom. You'll like them..."

"Thanks",' answered Willie. "I'd like one immensely. I only started smoking last spring - on my twelfth birthday".

"Me too", said Edwin, as they lighted their cigarettes. In fact, I wouldn't buy them now if it weren't for Dad. I simply had to give him something from Santa Claus. He believes in Santa Claus absolutely, you know".

Upstairs, away upstairs in a waiting-room of his own, grandfather Jones was looking with an affectionate eye at the presents that stood beside him. There was a beautiful whiskey decanter, with silver filigree outside (and whiskey inside) for Jones, and for a little boy a big nickel-plated Jew's harp.

Later on, far in the night, the person, or the influence, or whatever it is called Santa Claus, took all the presents and placed them in people's stockings.

And, being blind as he always has been, he gave the wrong things to the wrong people - in fact, he gave them just as indicated above.

But the next day, in the course of Christmas morning, the situation straightened itself out, just as it always does.

Indeed, by ten o'clock, Brown and Jones were playing with the train, and Mrs. Brown and Mrs. Jones were making doll's clothes, and the boys were smoking cigarettes, and the girls were playing cards with their pocket-money. (Clarisse got an absolutely lovely little bridge set for her mother).

And upstairs grandfather was drinking whiskey and playing the Jew's harp.

(by St. Leacok; adapted)

Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!

This is a greeting you can hear in many parts of the world at this time of year. Christmas and New Year are welcome celebrations in one of our coldest and darkest months, but for people this is the time for summer holidays and different festivals. All over the world people have different customs and faiths.

Here you can read about just some of celebrations held at this time of the year. Where do you think they are most fascinating? Where would you like to go for Christmas?

Christmas coincides with old Roman festival in honor of their god, Saturn, and the pagan Yuletide celebration in Northern Europe, when great feasts were hold and the cold weather was forgotten for a while. In Sweden, festivities still begin on Saint Lucia's day, December 13th.

This is traditionally the longest and darkest night of Swedish whiter. Little girls dress in long white dresses, with a crown of lighted candles in their hair as a symbol of light. They serve the rest of the family with coffee and cinnamon buns while they sing Christmas carols. Candles are an important symbol in the Jewish festival of Chanukah, too. Every home has a special candlestick for eight candles, one for each of eight days of the festival, which begins in December. The festival celebrates the rebellion of the Maccabees against the Assyrian Greeks in the second century B.C. In the temple of Jerusalem after the victory, a lamp which only had enough oil for one day burned miraculously for eight days. During Chanukah, families hold parties and give each other gifts.

In Mexico, during the nine days before Christmas, people visit their friends houses in the evenings carrying lighted candles. They sing carols and knock at the door. At first they are not allowed in. This is one of the customs of the prosada! Then they explain they are Mary and Joseph, parents of the Christ child, who were turned away from the inn at Bethlehem before He was born. They are welcomed warmly. The celebration often ends with fire-works and a 'pinata' for the children. Each child is blindfolded and given a stick with which to break open the 'pinata', a clay bowl sealed with rice paper and decorated. The bowl is full of sweets, nuts, fruit and small toys.

In many European countries children receive presents from St. Nicholas on December the 6th. In the Netherlands he arrives in Amsterdam by boat, with his servant, Black Peter, who carries a sack to take away any children who have been naughty. He brings presents for the good children.

In many parts of Spain and South America, it isn't Father Christmas or St. Nickolas who brings the presents, but the Three Kings or Three Wise Men, on the eve of January 6th.

In Madrid, there is a parade in the streets of the Three Kings riding their camels. This commemorates the visit of Melchior, Caspar and Baltazar to the baby Jesus in Bethlehem, with their gifts of gold, frankincense and myrrh as described in the Bible.

Deborah Tylev abriged from "BBC English"

It is traditional (in Great Britain) to play party games, such as charades, over Christmas, and hence the paper hats, crowns and balloons associated with the festivities. Crackers are a traditionally British Custom. They are indoor fire-crackers containing small gifts which spill out when the crackers are pulled, making a long bang. Also very much part of festivities are pantomimes. These are burlesque plays, often with only a tenuous thread holding the performance together.

Carols are sung over the Christmas period. They derive from early song dances dealing with courtship and Spring. By the 14th century, the first religious carols appeared. The distinguished feature of carols is that they express joy and happiness.

Today ... groups of carol singers still go from house to house singing carols, usually with a money-box, collecting for charity. Carols are sung almost anywhere. There are special carol services in churches. Sometimes they are by candle light. Fire and light are essentially part of Christmas, remembering that Christ was the Light of the World and today candles shine brightly in churches and homes.

One of the high-lights of Christmas Day for the British is the Queen's speech. It was first started by King George V and which, although very modern in origin is now an essential part of the day's festivities.

(From "Customs and Folklore")