21. Form nouns using suffixes –ment, -tion, -ion, -ation. Translate the following derivative words:

to transform to produce to develop

to promote to reflect to construct

22. Form nouns using suffix –cy from the following adjectives. Translate the following derivative words:

accurate private frequent

vacant urgent efficient

23. Choose the correct translation of the following words:

understandable	понимать	понятный	понимание
meaningful	значение	значительный	незначительный
creative	творчество	создавать	творческий
solution	решать	решение	разрешимый
competition	конкурировать	конкурент	конкуренция
previously	прежде, раньше	предыдущий	предшествовать
application	применять	применение	применяемый
consumption	потреблять	потребление	потребляемый
definition	определять	определение	определяющий
efficiency	эффективность	давать эффект	эффективный

24. Define to what parts of speech the following words belong, translate them:

architecture, winner, university, international, lecturer, constantly, organization, highly, exceptional, electronic, educational, historian, scholarship, racial, bountifully, treeless, communication, satisfy, dependency.

Working on the text

25. Read and translate the text. There are three logical parts in it. Match the titles to these parts:

A. Galileo’s greatest achievements;

B. Galileo’s significant contribution to science;

C. Galileo’s entirely new ideas.

Galileo – father of the modern science

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was the Italian mathematical physicist who discovered the laws of falling bodies and the parabolic motion of projectiles. He was the first to turn the newly invented telescope to the heavens, he was among the earliest observers of sun spots and the phases of Venus. A talented publicist, he helped to popularize the pursuit of science. However, his quarrelsome nature led him into an unfortunate controversy with the Church. His most significant contribution to science was his provision of the alternative to the Aristotelian dynamics. The motion of the earth thus became a conceptual possibility and scientists at last had a genuine criterion for choosing between the hypotheses of N. Copernicus and T. Brahe in the field of astronomy.

Galileo’s perhaps greatest achievements were in understanding how things move, which created the basis for the modern science of physics. That time people accepted the views of Aristotle on how things fall, why things stop and go, and how things get faster and slower – and remained blind to their senses. Galileo overturned Aristotle’s apparently common-sense views – and paved the way for Newton’s full understanding of force, motion and gravity half a century later.

Galileo’s insistence on the importance of demonstration, observation and experiment proved Aristotle to be wrong, and led to insights and proofs of entirely new ideas. Galileo was not alone at the time in looking at things this way. The English thinker Francis Bacon was a pioneer of these methods. However, Galileo put them into practice with such a force and insight, and with such crucial effect, that he deserves to be called the father of modern science.