- •Unit 1 grammar: The Personal Pronouns
- •The Possessive Pronouns
- •The Imperative Mood
- •The Direct Object and the Indirect Object
- •The Usage of Articles
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to the usage of the Imperative Mood, the Direct Object and the Indirect Object. Then rewrite the sentences in the negative:
- •2. Translate into English paying attention to the usage of the Imperative Mood, the Direct Object and the Indirect Object, the Possessive Pronouns:
- •The verb to be
- •Grammar exercises
- •4. Put the verb to be into the correct form. Translate the sentences:
- •5. Open the brackets and make the sentences positive or negative. Use the verb to be:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •7. Read, translate and explain the usage of the articles:
- •8. Put in a/an or the where necessary and translate the sentences into Russian:
- •9. Translate into English:
- •The Plural of Nouns
- •Grammar exercises
- •11. Rewrite in plural. Translate the sentences:
- •12. Translate into English:
- •General and Alternative Questions
- •Grammar exercises
- •13. Ask questions, use the verb to be. Give positive or negative short answers:
- •14. Read and translate. Ask alternative questions using the words in brackets:
- •Special Questions
- •Tag questions
- •Grammar exercises
- •15. Fill in the blanks. Translate into Russian:
- •17. Translate into English:
- •The Participle I
- •Grammar exercises
- •18. Form the Participle I from the following verbs. Translate into Russian:
- •19. Translate the participles into English:
- •20. Translate these sentences into Russian, pay special attention to the use of Participle I:
- •The Present Continuous Tense
- •Grammar exercises
- •21. Put the verbs into the correct form of the Present Continuous Tense. Translate the sentences:
- •22. Read, translate and give positive or negative short answers:
- •Working on the text
- •23. Read and translate the text. Find in it all the verbs in the form of the Present Continuous Tense: global environmental issues
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •24. Find in the text the words or phrases which mean the same as:
- •25. Read the above text once more. Work in pairs, ask each other questions using the words and word combinations below:
- •26. Translate into English using the form of the Present Continuous Tense. Pay attention to the usage of articles:
- •The Present Indefinite Tense
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Write the third person singular of the following verbs:
- •2. Complete the sentences using the following verbs in the form of the Present Indefinite Tense. Then make them negative and interrogative. Some of the verbs can be used several times:
- •3. Open the brackets and put the verbs into the correct forms of the Present Indefinite Tense. Translate the sentences:
- •4. Read and translate. Put questions to the words in bold:
- •5. Read and translate. Match a line in a with a line in b to make sentences:
- •6. Translate the sentences into English:
- •Word building
- •Working on the text
- •About myself
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •12. Find in columns b, c, d the English equivalents for the Russian words from column a:
- •13. Choose the right variant according to the text:
- •14. Find in the text equivalents to the following phrases:
- •15. Answer the questions:
- •Unit 3 grammar: The Demonstrative Pronouns
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Put the personal or possessive pronouns. Translate the sentences:
- •2. Fill in the blanks with the possessive pronouns:
- •3. Choose the correct variant to complete the sentences. Translate into Russian:
- •4. Complete the sentences:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •The Possessive Case
- •Grammar exercises
- •6. Read and translate:
- •7. Complete the sentences, use –‘s or of. Translate the sentences:
- •8. Translate the sentences into English using the Possessive Case:
- •The verb to have (got)
- •I have We have
- •Grammar exercises
- •9. Put the verb to have (got) in the correct form and translate into Russian:
- •10. Translate the sentences into English:
- •Word building
- •11. Translate the following derivative words:
- •12. Form the words using suffixes -ship, -hood, -ive, -ful / less:
- •Numerals
- •Working on the text
- •13. Read and translate the text. Pay attention to the usage of only the Present Simple Tense in the whole text: the youth of igor V. Kurchatov
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •14. Find in the text the words or phrases which mean the same as:
- •15. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false ones:
- •16. Translate the sentences into English using the active vocabulary from the text about Igor V. Kurchatov:
- •17. Retell the text “The great son of Russia: Igor V. Kurchatov”. Try to use the expressions given below:
- •Working on the text
- •18. Read and translate the text “Moscow” to learn about the main city of Russia: moscow
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •19. Find in the text the words or phrases which mean the same as:
- •20. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false ones:
- •21. Work with a partner. Ask and answer questions to the text using words and word combinations below:
- •22. Translate into English:
- •23. Before listening to the dialogue “Where’s my luggage” find Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •24. Listen to the dialogue “Where’s my luggage?”
- •25. Correct the false statements according to the dialogue:
- •26. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and adverbs where necessary:
- •Unit 4 grammar: Конструкция there is / are
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Read and translate the following sentences paying special attention to the usage of the construction there is / are:
- •2. Put in there is / there isn’t / is there? / there are / there aren’t / are there?
- •3. Put in there or it:
- •4. Translate then sentences into English:
- •The Indefinite Pronouns: some, any, every, no and their derivatives
- •Grammar exercises
- •5. Read and translate the sentences. Explain the usage of the Indefinite Pronouns:
- •6. Choose the write variant: somebody / everybody / anything / somewhere / anybody, etc. Translate into Russian:
- •7. Translate the sentences into English:
- •Propositions of movement, place, time
- •Grammar exercises
- •9. Put in the right preposition if necessary:
- •10. Read and translate two short texts. Pay attention to the usage of the prepositions in them:
- •11. Find in exercise 17 the words or phrases which mean the same as:
- •12. Read the text about geysers once more (ex.17). Answer the following questions to it:
- •13. Translate into English:
- •14. Look at the following international words, guess their meaning and check the pronunciation:
- •15. Translate into Russian the following phrases:
- •Word building
- •16. Translate the following derivative words:
- •Working on the text
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •19. Find in the text the words or phrases which mean the same as:
- •20. Choose among the words the one that corresponds to the text above to complete the sentences:
- •21. Translate the following sentences into English using a dictionary:
- •28. Listen to the conversation again. What synonymic words or expressions are used in the dialogue instead of those given in italics:
- •Unit 5 grammar: The Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
- •Использование слов much / many, little / few, a little / a few
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Give the comparative and superlative degrees:
- •2. Choose the write variant. Translate the sentences:
- •4. Insert the appropriate form of the adjectives given in brackets: positive, comparative or superlative. Translate the sentences:
- •5. Choose the right word. Explain the usage of the words.
- •6. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the usage of the degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs. Answer the following questions:
- •7. Translate into Russian:
- •The Present Indefinite and the Present Continuous Tenses (Revision)
- •8. Put the verb to be and the verb to do into the correct form. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •9. Replace the infinitives given in brackets by the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous:
- •10. Use the words in brackets to write sentences. All the sentences are future. Use the Present Continuous or the Present Indefinite:
- •11. Which variant is correct? Complete the sentences. Translate into Russian:
- •12. A) Read and translate the following text, think of a suitable title of it. Discuss with your partner the following questions:
- •13. Translate into English:
- •Конструкция “to be going to”
- •Grammar exercises
- •15. Translate the sentences. Ask questions to the words in bold:
- •16. Translate into English:
- •17. Look at the following international words, guess their meaning and check the pronunciation:
- •18. Give Russian equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •Word building
- •19. Translate the following derivative words:
- •20. Guess the meaning of the following words:
- •Working on the text
- •21. Read and translate the text. Divide it into logical parts and give the names to each of them: the united states of america of today
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •22. Find in the text the words or phrases which mean the same as:
- •23. Complete the following sentences according to the text:
- •24. Work in pairs and decide whether these statements are true or false:
- •25. Answer the following questions:
- •26. Retell the text “The United States of America”.
- •28. Listen to the dialogue “At the hotel”. Be ready to answer the following questions:
- •29. What is the difference between:
- •The main forms of the verbs
- •The Past Indefinite Tense
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Give the past form of the verbs, arrange them according to the pronunciation of the endings:
- •2. Replace the infinitives given in brackets by the Past Indefinite Tense. Translate the sentences:
- •3. Put in there was / there wasn’t / was there? / there weren’t / were there?:
- •4. Open the brackets, use the Present Indefinite Tense or the Past Indefinite Tense. Translate into Russian.
- •5. Read and translate the text about scientists’ observations of the origin of thunderstorm.
- •6. ‘Jigsaw reading’. Put the sections of this story into the correct order. Read, translate and give its short summary:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •Grammar exercises
- •8. Read, translate and explain the usage of the word other and its derivatives:
- •9. Choose the correct variant:
- •The Past Participle (Participle II)
- •Grammar exercises
- •10. Write three principal forms of the following verbs:
- •11. Translate into Russian:
- •12. Translate the following text. Chose the correct variant given below: the Participle I or the Participle II:
- •13. Translate the phrases into English:
- •The Present Perfect Tense
- •Grammar exercises
- •14. Read and translate. Pay attention to the verbs in the form of the Present Perfect Tense. Write the first two principal forms of these verbs:
- •15. Complete the sentences with a verb from the list. Use the Present Perfect Tense. Translate into Russian:
- •16. Speak on computer technology, the work of computer software engineers and computer hardware engineers, and the Internet (use 5-6 sentences). Working on the text
- •17. Read and translate the text. Copy out the sentences with the verb to have and define its form:
- •Virtual reality
- •18. Write for or since. Translate into Russian:
- •19. Put the verbs in the form of the Present Perfect Tense or the Past Indefinite Tense. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •20. Translate into English:
- •21. Look at the following international words, guess their meaning and check the pronunciation:
- •Word building
- •Working on the text
- •28. Read and translate the text to learn about the origin of science: origin of science
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •30. Match each word in a with the Russian equivalent in b:
- •31. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones:
- •32. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box:
- •33. Answer the following questions:
- •34. Complete the following sentences:
- •The Future Indefinite Tense
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Fill in the blanks. Translate into Russian:
- •2. Replace the infinitives given in brackets by the Future Indefinite Tense or the Present Indefinite Tense. Translate into Russian:
- •3. Read and translate the text: The greenhouse effect
- •4. Speak on the greenhouse effect.
- •5. Translate into English:
- •The Modal Verbs and their equivalents
- •Grammar exercises
- •6. Read, translate and pay attention to the usage of modal verb can and its equivalent:
- •7. Fill in the appropriate forms of can / be able to:
- •8. Read and translate, pay attention to the usage of modal verb may and its equivalent:
- •9. Read and translate, pay attention to the usage of modal verb must and its equivalent. Ask questions to the words in bold (one question in one sentence):
- •10. Read and translate. Which sentences express suggestion? Which sentences express strong obligation?
- •11. Choose the correct translation of the following sentences:
- •12. Choose the right modal verb or its equivalent:
- •13. Translate the sentences, make them negative and interrogative:
- •14. Fill the gaps, using modal verbs must, should, need, have to, be to, may, can. Open the brackets and put the verbs into the correct form:
- •16. Translate the sentences into English:
- •17. Look at the following international words, guess their meaning and check the pronunciation:
- •18. Translate into Russian the following phrases:
- •Word building
- •19. Translate the following derivative words:
- •20. Form the words using suffixes:
- •21. Form nouns using suffixes –ment, -tion, -ion, -ation. Translate the following derivative words:
- •22. Form nouns using suffix –cy from the following adjectives. Translate the following derivative words:
- •24. Define to what parts of speech the following words belong, translate them:
- •Working on the text
- •25. Read and translate the text. There are three logical parts in it. Match the titles to these parts:
- •Galileo – father of the modern science
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •26. Find in the text equivalents to the following phrases:
- •27. Choose among the words in brackets the one that corresponds to the text above to complete the sentences:
- •28. Read the text once again. Make up questions to which the following words and word combinations are the answers:
- •29. Translate the sentences into English:
- •30. Retell the text “Galileo – Father of the Modern Science”.
- •31. Practice the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Working on the text
- •32. Read and translate the text “Emergence of Science”. Find in it answers to the given questions: emergence of science
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •33. Find in the text the words or phrases which mean the same as:
- •34. Give Russian equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •35. Match a line in a with a line in b to make sentences:
- •37. Translate into Russian:
- •38. Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
- •39. Listen to the dialogue “Shopping”.
- •40. Decide which of the following statements are true and which are false. Correct the false ones.
- •Unit 8 grammar: The Past Continuous Tense
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Open the brackets, put the verbs into the correct form, the Past Continuous Tense. Translate the sentences:
- •2. Open the brackets, put the verbs into the correct form, the Past Continuous Tense or the Past Simple Tense. Translate the sentences:
- •New worlds: micro and macro
- •5. Match the names from the column a with the words and word combinations from the column b. Then make up sentences:
- •6. Translate the sentences into English:
- •Revision exercises
- •7. Translate the sentences, paying special attention to the usage of tenses. Put all kinds of questions to the content of the exercise:
- •8. Read and translate the following passages:
- •9. Are the following statements true or false?
- •10. Fill in the gaps with the verbs from the box in the correct tense. Some verbs are used several times:
- •11. Read and translate. Explain the origin of tides to your classmates:
- •12. Translate the sentences into English:
- •13. Look at the following international words, guess their meaning and check the pronunciation:
- •Word building
- •14. Translate the following derivative words:
- •15. Form the words using suffixes -ance / -ence, -ness, -al:
- •16. Define to what parts of speech the following words belong:
- •17. Translate the following words with prefixes into Russian:
- •18. Translate into Russian the following phrases:
- •19. Read and match a line in a with a line in b to make sentences. Translate the sentences:
- •Working on the text
- •20. Read and translate the text “Electricity – Magic of Science”. Then entitle each paragraph of the text: electricity – magic of science
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •21. Find in the text the words or phrases which mean the same as:
- •22. Read the text again and say whether these statements are true or false:
- •23. Choose among the words in brackets the one that corresponds to the text above to complete the sentences:
- •24. Complete the sentences according to the text.
- •25. Work with a partner. Ask and answer questions to the text using words and word combinations below:
- •26. Retell the text ‘Electricity – Magic of Science’.
4. Speak on the greenhouse effect.
5. Translate into English:
1. Мы не начнем наше собрание, пока все не придут. 2. Они поймут вас, если вы не будете говорить так быстро. 3. Увижу ли я вас завтра? 4. Какой завтра день недели? – Завтра пятница. 5. Самолёт прилетит через два часа. 6. Что ты будешь делать, если не сдашь экзамен? 7. Кто-нибудь из студентов вашей группы примет участие в конференции «Человек и окружающая среда»? – Несомненно. 8. Через два дня студент нашей группы сделает доклад на тему «Глобальное потепление». 9. Какие важные проблемы вы будете решать в своей научной работе? 10. Любой обмен ядерными ударами приведет к климатическим изменениям. 11. Ученые всего мира будут объединяться, чтобы решить проблему водных ресурсов. 12. Студенты нашего факультета присоединятся к организациям подобным Гринпис, которые пытаются предотвратить бедствия окружающей среды (environmental disasters). Это поможет сделать нашу планету чистой и безопасной для будущего поколения.
The Modal Verbs and their equivalents
Настоящее время |
Прошедшее время |
Эквиваленты |
can |
could |
be able (to + V) |
may |
might |
allow, be allowed (to + V) |
must |
– |
have ( to + V) be (to + V) |
Особенности модальных глаголов:
1. Не выражают действия. Показывают отношение говорящего к действию или состоянию (его необходимость, вероятность, возможность его совершения и др.);
2. Не имеют неличных форм (инфинитива, причастия), повелительного наклонения, форм будущего времени, а некоторые – и форм прошедшего времени;
3. Вопросительные и отрицательные формы этих глаголов образуются без вспомогательного глагола to do, они сами занимают его место: He can’t (cannot) work. Он не может работать.
4. Не изменяются по лицам и числам (в настоящем времени в 3 л.ед.ч. не имеют окончания -s): He can read. Он может читать. She may go. Она может идти.
5. После модальных глаголов всегда употребляется смысловой глагол в форме инфинитива без частицы to, за исключением модального глагола ought, после которого стоит to +V.
NB!!! Напомним, что инфинитив – это неличная форма глагола, которая выражает действие, но без указания на число, лицо, наклонение. Инфинитив в английском языке имеет четыре формы в действительном (активном) залоге и две в страдательном (пассивном):
Формы инфинитива |
||
|
Active |
Passive |
Indefinite (Simple) |
to write |
to be written |
Continuous |
to be writing |
|
Perfect |
to have written |
to have been written |
Perfect Continuous |
to have been writing |
|
Рассмотрим три формы употребления инфинитива в действительном залоге с модальными глаголами.
Простой инфинитив Indefinite (Simple) употребляется, когда действие, которое он выражает, происходит одновременно с действием, выраженным модальным глаголом-сказуемым, является безотносительным ко времени совершения действия, либо относится к будущему: We can use the Internet every day. Мы можем пользоваться интернетом каждый день. You may come tomorrow. Ты можешь придти завтра.
Инфинитив в продолженной форме Continuous подчёркивает длительность действия, одновременного с глаголом-сказуемым: What is Pauline doing? – She must be compiling a program. Что делает Полина? – Она, должно быть, компилирует программу.
Инфинитив в совершённой форме Perfect употребляется для обозначения действия, предшествующего действию, выраженному глаголом-сказуемым: Pauline may have compiled the program. Возможно, Полина скомпилировала программу.
Употребление модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов
Название модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов |
Выражение употребления |
Примеры |
can |
способность разрешение или просьба запрет сомнение, удивление |
Can you read Chinese? Can I use your car? You can use my car. You can’t sing here. Can it be true? He can’t have done it. |
could |
cпособность (в прошлом) разрешение или просьба (более вежливое обращение) сомнение (большая степень) |
I could not speak English when I was 5. Could you give me your dictionary?
He could not be telling the truth. |
able to + V (в настоящем, прошедшем, будущем времени) |
быть в состоянии, иметь физическую, умственную способность |
Не is able to correct the program. Не was able to correct the program. Не will be able to correct the program. |
may |
разрешение, запрет (более официальная форма) предположение, неуверенность |
May I borrow your pen? You may not come here. They may be arriving. |
might |
разрешение, запрет (в прошлом) и для более вежливого обращения упрек |
Might I take your notebook?
You might have answered my question. |
allow, be allowed (в настоящем, прошедшем, будущем времени) |
разрешение, запрет |
Не is allowed to go there. Не was allowed to go there. Не will be allowed to go there. |
must |
долженствование запрещение вероятность упрек |
I must go to the conference. He must not leave his room for a while. You must have read the book. They must have done this task at home. |
have to (в настоящем, прошедшем, будущем времени) |
необходимость в силу (ввиду) обстоятельств |
You don’t have to go there. Не had to ask for help. I shall have to do it. |
be to (в настоящем, прошедшем, времени) |
долженствование необходимость как результат договоренности возможность |
We are to examine these facts. They were to come at 5 o’clock.
The information is to be found in literature. |
shall |
необходимость совершения действия |
He shall not interfere with your business. |
should / ought to |
моральное обязательство (в большей степени глагол ought to) порицание прошлого действия совет предположение |
You should (ought to) be always polite.
You should (ought to) have helped me.
You should (ought to) see a doctor. There should (ought to) be no difficulties. |
need (в настоящем времени) |
необходимость отсутствие необходимости совершения действия (в отрицательных предложениях) |
We need have a rest. You needn’t worry about this man, he will be all right. You needn't have come so early. |
will
|
просьба
предложение |
Will you give me your compact disc, please? Will you come in? |
would
|
просьба (более вежливое обращение) предложение |
Would you please lend me your file?
Would you like some tea? |
|
||