Word building

11. Translate the following derivative words:

noun + -ship, -hood → noun

friend – friendship, leader – leadership, brother – brotherhood, child – childhood, mother – motherhood;

verb + -ive → adjective

to legislate – legislative, to communicate – communicative, to interact – interactive, to distribute – distributive;

noun + -ful / less → adjective

beauty – beautiful, help – helpful / helpless, use – useful / useless, harm – harmful / harmless, tree – treeless, joy – joyful, life – lifeless.

12. Form the words using suffixes -ship, -hood, -ive, -ful / less:

relation, partner, father, neighbor, illustration, demonstration, creation, water, air, success, shape, power.

Numerals

Обратите внимание на образование количественных и порядковых числительных. Количественные числительные: 1 – one, 2 – two, 3 – three, 4 – four, 5 – five, 6 – six, 7 – seven, 8 – eight, 9 – nine, 10 – ten, 11 – eleven, 12 – twelve. Числительные от 13 до 19 образуются путем прибавления суффикса – teen, например: 13 – thirteen, 14 – fourteen, 15 – fifteen, 17 – seventeen, 18 – eighteen. Числительные от 20 до 100 образуются прибавлением суффикса –ty: 20 – twenty, 30 – thirty, 50 – fifty, сложные количественные числительные пишутся через дефис: 45 – forty-five, 92 – ninety-two и т.д.

Числительные, которые употребляются с неопределенным артиклем: 100 – a (one) hundred, 1,000 – a (one) thousand, 1,000,000 – a (one) million.

Чтение сложных числительных выше 100: 109 – one hundred and nine; 694 – six hundred and ninety-four; in 1982 (nineteen eighty-two).

Порядковые числительные образуются прибавлением суффикса –th и всегда употребляются с определенным артиклем the: the seventh, the fifty-sixth и т.д. Исключение: 1 – the first, 2 – the second, 3 – the third, 5 – the fifth.

Working on the text

13. Read and translate the text. Pay attention to the usage of only the Present Simple Tense in the whole text: the youth of igor V. Kurchatov

Russia is the motherland of a lot of great scientists, physicists among them. Igor V. Kurchatov belongs to the most famous Russian physicists.

Igor V. Kurchatov (1903–1960) is the great Russian physicist, one of the founders of nuclear physics in the Soviet Union. His birthday is January 12, 1903 in the town of Sim in the Chelyabinsk Region in the family of a land surveyor. In 1908 the Kurchatov family moves to Simbirsk, and later, in 1912, they move to Simferopol. In 1920 young Igor finishes a gymnasium, and the same year he enters Crimean University in Simpheropol in the Crimea, which he graduates from three years later with the diploma in physics.

During his studies he works for food and books first at woodworks and later in children's home as a teacher and in physical laboratory of the university as laboratory assistant. In December of 1923 he moves to St. Petersburg, which is Petrograd at that time, and begins to work at the shipbuilding faculty of Petrograd Polytechnic Institute. Igor V. Kurchatov works in Slutskaya magnetic and meteorological observatory, where he performs his first scientific research on snow radioactivity.

In 1924 Kurchatov returns to the Crimea, where he works in Feodosia’s hydro-meteorological bureau of the Black Sea and the Azov Sea. The same year he’s offered a position at the physics department of Azerbaijan Polytechnic Institute, where performs two research projects on electric current passing through solid dielectrics during first six months of his employment. His research is very close to the tasks of Professor A. Ioffe’s famous research group. In 1925 I.V. Kurchatov moves to Leningrad Physical and Technical Institute, where he spends 17 years till 1942. In that time period Igor V. Kurchatov participates in two fields of scientific research: he studies electric properties of solid bodies before 1932 and turns to radiation of atom nucleus after 1932. The physicist investigates electroconductivity of solid bodies and solid dielectric breakdown; he lays the basis of ferroelectricity and makes significant contribution to studies of crystals’ electric properties. In 1931-1932 he performs a research in semiconductor physics.