- •Unit 1 grammar: The Personal Pronouns
- •The Possessive Pronouns
- •The Imperative Mood
- •The Direct Object and the Indirect Object
- •The Usage of Articles
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to the usage of the Imperative Mood, the Direct Object and the Indirect Object. Then rewrite the sentences in the negative:
- •2. Translate into English paying attention to the usage of the Imperative Mood, the Direct Object and the Indirect Object, the Possessive Pronouns:
- •The verb to be
- •Grammar exercises
- •4. Put the verb to be into the correct form. Translate the sentences:
- •5. Open the brackets and make the sentences positive or negative. Use the verb to be:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •7. Read, translate and explain the usage of the articles:
- •8. Put in a/an or the where necessary and translate the sentences into Russian:
- •9. Translate into English:
- •The Plural of Nouns
- •Grammar exercises
- •11. Rewrite in plural. Translate the sentences:
- •12. Translate into English:
- •General and Alternative Questions
- •Grammar exercises
- •13. Ask questions, use the verb to be. Give positive or negative short answers:
- •14. Read and translate. Ask alternative questions using the words in brackets:
- •Special Questions
- •Tag questions
- •Grammar exercises
- •15. Fill in the blanks. Translate into Russian:
- •17. Translate into English:
- •The Participle I
- •Grammar exercises
- •18. Form the Participle I from the following verbs. Translate into Russian:
- •19. Translate the participles into English:
- •20. Translate these sentences into Russian, pay special attention to the use of Participle I:
- •The Present Continuous Tense
- •Grammar exercises
- •21. Put the verbs into the correct form of the Present Continuous Tense. Translate the sentences:
- •22. Read, translate and give positive or negative short answers:
- •Working on the text
- •23. Read and translate the text. Find in it all the verbs in the form of the Present Continuous Tense: global environmental issues
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •24. Find in the text the words or phrases which mean the same as:
- •25. Read the above text once more. Work in pairs, ask each other questions using the words and word combinations below:
- •26. Translate into English using the form of the Present Continuous Tense. Pay attention to the usage of articles:
- •The Present Indefinite Tense
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Write the third person singular of the following verbs:
- •2. Complete the sentences using the following verbs in the form of the Present Indefinite Tense. Then make them negative and interrogative. Some of the verbs can be used several times:
- •3. Open the brackets and put the verbs into the correct forms of the Present Indefinite Tense. Translate the sentences:
- •4. Read and translate. Put questions to the words in bold:
- •5. Read and translate. Match a line in a with a line in b to make sentences:
- •6. Translate the sentences into English:
- •Word building
- •Working on the text
- •About myself
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •12. Find in columns b, c, d the English equivalents for the Russian words from column a:
- •13. Choose the right variant according to the text:
- •14. Find in the text equivalents to the following phrases:
- •15. Answer the questions:
- •Unit 3 grammar: The Demonstrative Pronouns
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Put the personal or possessive pronouns. Translate the sentences:
- •2. Fill in the blanks with the possessive pronouns:
- •3. Choose the correct variant to complete the sentences. Translate into Russian:
- •4. Complete the sentences:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •The Possessive Case
- •Grammar exercises
- •6. Read and translate:
- •7. Complete the sentences, use –‘s or of. Translate the sentences:
- •8. Translate the sentences into English using the Possessive Case:
- •The verb to have (got)
- •I have We have
- •Grammar exercises
- •9. Put the verb to have (got) in the correct form and translate into Russian:
- •10. Translate the sentences into English:
- •Word building
- •11. Translate the following derivative words:
- •12. Form the words using suffixes -ship, -hood, -ive, -ful / less:
- •Numerals
- •Working on the text
- •13. Read and translate the text. Pay attention to the usage of only the Present Simple Tense in the whole text: the youth of igor V. Kurchatov
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •14. Find in the text the words or phrases which mean the same as:
- •15. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false ones:
- •16. Translate the sentences into English using the active vocabulary from the text about Igor V. Kurchatov:
- •17. Retell the text “The great son of Russia: Igor V. Kurchatov”. Try to use the expressions given below:
- •Working on the text
- •18. Read and translate the text “Moscow” to learn about the main city of Russia: moscow
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •19. Find in the text the words or phrases which mean the same as:
- •20. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false ones:
- •21. Work with a partner. Ask and answer questions to the text using words and word combinations below:
- •22. Translate into English:
- •23. Before listening to the dialogue “Where’s my luggage” find Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •24. Listen to the dialogue “Where’s my luggage?”
- •25. Correct the false statements according to the dialogue:
- •26. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and adverbs where necessary:
- •Unit 4 grammar: Конструкция there is / are
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Read and translate the following sentences paying special attention to the usage of the construction there is / are:
- •2. Put in there is / there isn’t / is there? / there are / there aren’t / are there?
- •3. Put in there or it:
- •4. Translate then sentences into English:
- •The Indefinite Pronouns: some, any, every, no and their derivatives
- •Grammar exercises
- •5. Read and translate the sentences. Explain the usage of the Indefinite Pronouns:
- •6. Choose the write variant: somebody / everybody / anything / somewhere / anybody, etc. Translate into Russian:
- •7. Translate the sentences into English:
- •Propositions of movement, place, time
- •Grammar exercises
- •9. Put in the right preposition if necessary:
- •10. Read and translate two short texts. Pay attention to the usage of the prepositions in them:
- •11. Find in exercise 17 the words or phrases which mean the same as:
- •12. Read the text about geysers once more (ex.17). Answer the following questions to it:
- •13. Translate into English:
- •14. Look at the following international words, guess their meaning and check the pronunciation:
- •15. Translate into Russian the following phrases:
- •Word building
- •16. Translate the following derivative words:
- •Working on the text
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •19. Find in the text the words or phrases which mean the same as:
- •20. Choose among the words the one that corresponds to the text above to complete the sentences:
- •21. Translate the following sentences into English using a dictionary:
- •28. Listen to the conversation again. What synonymic words or expressions are used in the dialogue instead of those given in italics:
- •Unit 5 grammar: The Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs
- •Использование слов much / many, little / few, a little / a few
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Give the comparative and superlative degrees:
- •2. Choose the write variant. Translate the sentences:
- •4. Insert the appropriate form of the adjectives given in brackets: positive, comparative or superlative. Translate the sentences:
- •5. Choose the right word. Explain the usage of the words.
- •6. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the usage of the degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs. Answer the following questions:
- •7. Translate into Russian:
- •The Present Indefinite and the Present Continuous Tenses (Revision)
- •8. Put the verb to be and the verb to do into the correct form. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •9. Replace the infinitives given in brackets by the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous:
- •10. Use the words in brackets to write sentences. All the sentences are future. Use the Present Continuous or the Present Indefinite:
- •11. Which variant is correct? Complete the sentences. Translate into Russian:
- •12. A) Read and translate the following text, think of a suitable title of it. Discuss with your partner the following questions:
- •13. Translate into English:
- •Конструкция “to be going to”
- •Grammar exercises
- •15. Translate the sentences. Ask questions to the words in bold:
- •16. Translate into English:
- •17. Look at the following international words, guess their meaning and check the pronunciation:
- •18. Give Russian equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •Word building
- •19. Translate the following derivative words:
- •20. Guess the meaning of the following words:
- •Working on the text
- •21. Read and translate the text. Divide it into logical parts and give the names to each of them: the united states of america of today
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •22. Find in the text the words or phrases which mean the same as:
- •23. Complete the following sentences according to the text:
- •24. Work in pairs and decide whether these statements are true or false:
- •25. Answer the following questions:
- •26. Retell the text “The United States of America”.
- •28. Listen to the dialogue “At the hotel”. Be ready to answer the following questions:
- •29. What is the difference between:
- •The main forms of the verbs
- •The Past Indefinite Tense
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Give the past form of the verbs, arrange them according to the pronunciation of the endings:
- •2. Replace the infinitives given in brackets by the Past Indefinite Tense. Translate the sentences:
- •3. Put in there was / there wasn’t / was there? / there weren’t / were there?:
- •4. Open the brackets, use the Present Indefinite Tense or the Past Indefinite Tense. Translate into Russian.
- •5. Read and translate the text about scientists’ observations of the origin of thunderstorm.
- •6. ‘Jigsaw reading’. Put the sections of this story into the correct order. Read, translate and give its short summary:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •Grammar exercises
- •8. Read, translate and explain the usage of the word other and its derivatives:
- •9. Choose the correct variant:
- •The Past Participle (Participle II)
- •Grammar exercises
- •10. Write three principal forms of the following verbs:
- •11. Translate into Russian:
- •12. Translate the following text. Chose the correct variant given below: the Participle I or the Participle II:
- •13. Translate the phrases into English:
- •The Present Perfect Tense
- •Grammar exercises
- •14. Read and translate. Pay attention to the verbs in the form of the Present Perfect Tense. Write the first two principal forms of these verbs:
- •15. Complete the sentences with a verb from the list. Use the Present Perfect Tense. Translate into Russian:
- •16. Speak on computer technology, the work of computer software engineers and computer hardware engineers, and the Internet (use 5-6 sentences). Working on the text
- •17. Read and translate the text. Copy out the sentences with the verb to have and define its form:
- •Virtual reality
- •18. Write for or since. Translate into Russian:
- •19. Put the verbs in the form of the Present Perfect Tense or the Past Indefinite Tense. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •20. Translate into English:
- •21. Look at the following international words, guess their meaning and check the pronunciation:
- •Word building
- •Working on the text
- •28. Read and translate the text to learn about the origin of science: origin of science
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •30. Match each word in a with the Russian equivalent in b:
- •31. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones:
- •32. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box:
- •33. Answer the following questions:
- •34. Complete the following sentences:
- •The Future Indefinite Tense
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Fill in the blanks. Translate into Russian:
- •2. Replace the infinitives given in brackets by the Future Indefinite Tense or the Present Indefinite Tense. Translate into Russian:
- •3. Read and translate the text: The greenhouse effect
- •4. Speak on the greenhouse effect.
- •5. Translate into English:
- •The Modal Verbs and their equivalents
- •Grammar exercises
- •6. Read, translate and pay attention to the usage of modal verb can and its equivalent:
- •7. Fill in the appropriate forms of can / be able to:
- •8. Read and translate, pay attention to the usage of modal verb may and its equivalent:
- •9. Read and translate, pay attention to the usage of modal verb must and its equivalent. Ask questions to the words in bold (one question in one sentence):
- •10. Read and translate. Which sentences express suggestion? Which sentences express strong obligation?
- •11. Choose the correct translation of the following sentences:
- •12. Choose the right modal verb or its equivalent:
- •13. Translate the sentences, make them negative and interrogative:
- •14. Fill the gaps, using modal verbs must, should, need, have to, be to, may, can. Open the brackets and put the verbs into the correct form:
- •16. Translate the sentences into English:
- •17. Look at the following international words, guess their meaning and check the pronunciation:
- •18. Translate into Russian the following phrases:
- •Word building
- •19. Translate the following derivative words:
- •20. Form the words using suffixes:
- •21. Form nouns using suffixes –ment, -tion, -ion, -ation. Translate the following derivative words:
- •22. Form nouns using suffix –cy from the following adjectives. Translate the following derivative words:
- •24. Define to what parts of speech the following words belong, translate them:
- •Working on the text
- •25. Read and translate the text. There are three logical parts in it. Match the titles to these parts:
- •Galileo – father of the modern science
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •26. Find in the text equivalents to the following phrases:
- •27. Choose among the words in brackets the one that corresponds to the text above to complete the sentences:
- •28. Read the text once again. Make up questions to which the following words and word combinations are the answers:
- •29. Translate the sentences into English:
- •30. Retell the text “Galileo – Father of the Modern Science”.
- •31. Practice the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Working on the text
- •32. Read and translate the text “Emergence of Science”. Find in it answers to the given questions: emergence of science
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •33. Find in the text the words or phrases which mean the same as:
- •34. Give Russian equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •35. Match a line in a with a line in b to make sentences:
- •37. Translate into Russian:
- •38. Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
- •39. Listen to the dialogue “Shopping”.
- •40. Decide which of the following statements are true and which are false. Correct the false ones.
- •Unit 8 grammar: The Past Continuous Tense
- •Grammar exercises
- •1. Open the brackets, put the verbs into the correct form, the Past Continuous Tense. Translate the sentences:
- •2. Open the brackets, put the verbs into the correct form, the Past Continuous Tense or the Past Simple Tense. Translate the sentences:
- •New worlds: micro and macro
- •5. Match the names from the column a with the words and word combinations from the column b. Then make up sentences:
- •6. Translate the sentences into English:
- •Revision exercises
- •7. Translate the sentences, paying special attention to the usage of tenses. Put all kinds of questions to the content of the exercise:
- •8. Read and translate the following passages:
- •9. Are the following statements true or false?
- •10. Fill in the gaps with the verbs from the box in the correct tense. Some verbs are used several times:
- •11. Read and translate. Explain the origin of tides to your classmates:
- •12. Translate the sentences into English:
- •13. Look at the following international words, guess their meaning and check the pronunciation:
- •Word building
- •14. Translate the following derivative words:
- •15. Form the words using suffixes -ance / -ence, -ness, -al:
- •16. Define to what parts of speech the following words belong:
- •17. Translate the following words with prefixes into Russian:
- •18. Translate into Russian the following phrases:
- •19. Read and match a line in a with a line in b to make sentences. Translate the sentences:
- •Working on the text
- •20. Read and translate the text “Electricity – Magic of Science”. Then entitle each paragraph of the text: electricity – magic of science
- •Text and vocabulary exercises
- •21. Find in the text the words or phrases which mean the same as:
- •22. Read the text again and say whether these statements are true or false:
- •23. Choose among the words in brackets the one that corresponds to the text above to complete the sentences:
- •24. Complete the sentences according to the text.
- •25. Work with a partner. Ask and answer questions to the text using words and word combinations below:
- •26. Retell the text ‘Electricity – Magic of Science’.
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
«Волгоградский государственный университет»
Институт филологии и межкультурной коммуникации
Кафедра английского языка
Леонтьев В.В., Степанова Е.Д.
Английский язык для студентов
физико-технических специальностей
Волгоград 2013
Предисловие
Данное учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов, обучающихся в физико-технических институтах или на физических факультетах классических университетов.
Данное пособие создано с учетом фактора глобализации знаний на современном этапе развития общества, т.е. необходимости для студентов современных вузов владеть знаниями не только в области своей специализации, но и в областях близкородственных специальностей. Поэтому в пособие включены, в основном, аутентичные тексты по истории науки, истории физики, истории астрофизики, по физике, нанотехнологиям, информационным технологиям и информационной безопасности, инфокоммуникационным технологиям, а также основам судебной экспертизы.
Пособие разработано с учетом развития всех компетенций, указанных в рабочих программах по английскому языку для соответствующих специальностей и отвечает основным требованиям федеральных государственных образовательных стандартов третьего поколения по вышеназванным направлениям подготовки студентов.
Пособие состоит из 17 разделов, в которых нашли свое отражение грамматические аспекты современного английского языка и лексические темы, которые должны освоить студенты, обучающиеся в физико-технических институтах или на физических факультетах классических университетов. Учитывая принцип повторяемости изученного грамматического и лексического материала, авторы включали в текст упражнений изученные ранее лексические единицы и грамматический материал.
Значительное внимание в пособии уделено аспекту письменного перевода с русского языка на английский язык в упражнениях, предназначенных для закрепления изучаемого грамматического и лексического материала.
Пособие снабжено тремя приложениями: а) аутентичные научно-популярные тексты, предназначенные для самостоятельной работы студентов с целью отработки навыка письменного перевода в аудитории; б) список форм неправильных глаголов английского языка; в) основные правила чтения математических формул на английском языке.
При составлении пособия были использованы аутентичные специализированные учебные пособия, а также учебные пособия, созданные отечественными авторами, ряд авторитетных лексикографических источников и иноязычные интернет-сайты научных и учебных материалов.
Contents
№ of Unit |
Texts |
Grammar |
Listening |
Page |
UNIT 1 |
Global Environmental Issues |
The Personal Pronouns; The Possessive Pronouns; The Imperative Mood; The Direct & the Indirect Objects; The verb to be; The Usage of Articles; Types of Questions; Participle I; The Present Continuous Tense |
|
5 |
UNIT 2 |
About myself |
The Present Indefinite Tense |
About Jane |
15 |
UNIT 3 |
The Great Son of Russia: Igor V. Kurchatov; Moscow |
The Demonstrative Pronouns; The Possessive Case; The Verb “to have got” |
Where is my luggage |
20 |
UNIT 4 |
Great Britain of today |
The Construction “there is/there are”; The Indefinite Pronouns and their Derivatives |
Asking the way |
28 |
UNIT 5 |
The USA of today |
The Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs; the Construction “to be going to” |
At the Hotel |
36 |
UNIT 6 |
Virtual Reality; Origin of Science |
The Past Indefinite Tense; The Pronoun “Other” and its derivatives; The Present Perfect Tense |
Dining out |
45 |
UNIT 7 |
Galileo – the Father of the Modern Science; Emergence of Science |
The Future Indefinite Tense; The Modal Verbs and their Equivalents |
Shopping |
57 |
UNIT 8 |
New Worlds: Micro and Macro; Electricity – Magic of Science |
The Past Continuous Tense |
|
68 |
UNIT 9 |
What is Science |
Revision: The Present Indefinite & The Present Continuous Tenses (in comparison); the Past Indefinite & the Past Continuous Tenses (in comparison) |
Renting a Car |
76 |
UNIT 10 |
What is Physics; The Wonder Metals |
The Past Perfect Tense; The Future Perfect Tense |
At the Drugstore |
82 |
UNIT 11 |
What is Mass; What is Energy |
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense; The Past Perfect Continuous Tense |
At the Stadium |
90 |
UNIT 12 |
Planetary Motion & Gravitation; Measuring Time on the Earth |
The Sequence of Tenses; The Reported Speech |
At the Post-Office |
95 |
UNIT 13 |
Transmission Technologies; Some Notions about Motion; Newton Explains Motion |
The Passive Voice; The Rules of Changing from the Active Voice into the Passive Voice |
At the Stadium |
104 |
UNIT 14 |
Emergence of Nanotechnologies; Information Technologies (IT); Internet; The History of IBM Personal Computers |
The Subjunctive Mood; Gerund |
|
112 |
UNIT 15 |
Nanoantennas - Detecting very Small; Forensic Science Mystery; The Anatomy of a Virus |
Infinitive; The Complex Object |
|
122 |
UNIT 16 |
A Typical Cyber-Crime of Today |
The Complex Subject; For-Infinitive Construction (for-phrases) |
|
130 |
UNIT 17 |
The Future of Technology; Robots; Smart Technologies; Smart Crime-Fighting Devices; Cornell Cup 2013 Announced; Today of Androids |
The Absolute Participle Construction; Inversion |
|
135 |
APPENDICES |
|
|
|
144 |
LITERATURE |
|
|
|
157 |
Unit 1 grammar: The Personal Pronouns
Личные местоимения (the Personal Pronouns) имеют два падежа: именительный падеж (the nominative case) и объектный падеж (the objective case).
Склонение личных местоимений
Число |
Лицо |
Именительный падеж |
Объектный падеж |
Sgl. |
1 2 3 |
I (я) you (ты) he (он), she (она), it (он, она, оно – предмет, животное) |
me (мне, меня) you (тебе, тебя) him (ему, его), her (ей, ее), it (ему, его, ей, ее) |
Pl. |
1 2 3 |
we (мы) you (вы) they (они – лица и предметы) |
us (нам, нас) you (вам, вас) them (им, их) |
The Possessive Pronouns
Притяжательные местоимения (the Possessive Pronouns) выражают принадлежность и отвечают на вопрос whose? – чей? чья? чье? чьи? Притяжательные местоимения имеют две формы: основную и абсолютную.
Основная форма |
Абсолютная форма |
my – мой, моя, мое, мои |
mine – мой, моя, мое, мои |
your – твой, твоя, твое, твои |
yours – твой, твоя, твое, твои |
his – его |
his – его |
her – ее |
hers – ее |
its – его, ее (о предметах, животных) |
its – его, ее (о предметах, животных) |
our – наш, наша, наше, наши |
ours – наш, наша, наше, наши |
your – ваш, ваша, ваше, ваши |
yours – ваш, ваша, ваше, ваши |
their – их |
theirs – их |
В основной форме притяжательное местоимение стоит перед определяемым словом: This is my computer. Это мой компьютер. Если определяемому слову предшествуют другие определения, то притяжательное местоимение ставится перед ними: Where is my red pencil? Где мой красный карандаш?
Притяжательное местоимение в абсолютной форме употребляется без определяемого слова: The computer is mine. Компьютер мой. Данная форма местоимений часто имеет место, чтобы избежать повторения названного или известного (так или иначе) существительного: I left my dictionary at home. May I use yours? (вместо: your dictionary) Я оставил свой словарь дома. Можно я воспользуюсь твоим?, а также при сравнении: His report is more interesting than ours. Его доклад интереснее, чем наш.
The Imperative Mood
Наклонение – форма глагола, которая показывает отношение действия к действительности. В английском языке существуют следующие наклонения: изъявительное, повелительное и сослагательное.
Основное наклонение – изъявительное (the Indicative Mood) указывает, что говорящий рассматривает действие как реальный факт:Tom likes reading very much. Том очень любит читать.
Сослагательное наклонение (the Subjunctive Mood) в английском языке выражает не реальные, а предполагаемые или желательные факты: If I were you I would do it at once. На твоем месте я бы сделал это сразу же.
Глагол в повелительном наклонении (the Imperative Mood) в английском языке выражает приказание, просьбу, совет и имеет форму второго лица. Утвердительная форма повелительного наклонения совпадает с формой инфинитива без частицы to: Go on reading! Продолжай(те) читать!
Для выражения приказания, просьбы и т.п., обращенных к 1-му и 3-му лицу, употребляется глагол to let; за глаголом to let следует прямое дополнение (выраженное существительным в общем падеже или личным местоимением в объектном падеже), обозначающее лицо, к которому относится приказание или просьба, и инфинитив смыслового глагола без частицы to:
Let him answer! Пусть он отвечает (позвольте ему ответить)!
Let her do the exercise! Пусть она выполнит упражнение!
Let's (let us) begin! Давайте начнем!
Отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в повелительном наклонении и отрицательной частицы not – do not (сокращенная форма don't) и инфинитива смыслового глагола без частицы to:
Don't talk! Не разговаривайте!
Don't let him be late! Пусть он не опаздывает!