Zero/No Article – Family is very important in our life. Відсутність Артиклю
Usage |
Examples |
з незлічуваними іменниками та іменниками у множині, коли ми говоримо про щось в загальному розумінні |
Planes are a safe means of transport. Tea is a very popular drink. Love is the sense of existence. |
Usage |
Examples |
з іменами і власними назвами |
Ann works as a librarian. |
з назвами днів тижня, місяців, свят і кольорів |
We visited the Smiths on Friday. My favourite colour is blue. |
з назвами видів спорту, ігор, видів діяльності |
Running & chess are my favourite sports. |
з назвами мов, якщо після них не слідує слово language |
Bob speaks Polish, French & English. BUT: The French language is spoken in France. |
з назвами міст і країн, що не включають такі слова, як State, Kingdom, Republic |
London, Kyiv (BUT: the Hague) Germany, India, Australia BUT: the Netherlands, the Gambia, the Vatican
|
з назвами вулиць та площ |
Oxford Street, Penny Lane, Khreshchatyk Street, Trafalgar Square BUT: the M6, the A42
|
з назвами мостів, парків, залізничних станцій, аеропортів |
London Bridge (BUT: the Golden Gate Bridge), Hyde Park, King’s Cross (railway station), Boryspol Airport
|
з назвами піків гір, одиничних островів, озер і континентів (та їх частин) |
Mount Everest, Crete (island), Lake Baikal, Asia, South America, Europe |
коли перед іменником стоїть присвійний займенник |
This is my pen. |
з назвами ресторанів, магазинів, банків, готелів тощо, які названі на честь якоїсь людини |
Harrods, Mario’s Restaurant |
зі словами bed, hospital, college, court, prison, school, university, church, коли ми маємо на увазі їх загальне (первинне) призначення
|
The injured man had to be taken to hospital. (Пораненого потрібно було відвезти у лікарню) BUT: We went to the hospital to visit Harry. (Ми поїхали в лікарню, щоб провідати Гарі) |
у словосполученні by + вид транспорту та зі словом work в значенні – місце роботи |
We travelled to Paris by train. I need to leave work by 6 p.m. |
з назвами прийому їжі, самої їжі та напоїв |
I like pasta with red wine. to have breakfast / dinner / supper BUT: to have a meal |
зі словами home, mother, father тощо, коли ми говоримо про власний дім та батьків |
Father is always busy & comes home late at night. |
з назвами видів хвороб |
He’s got chicken pox (вітряна віспа) BUT: flu / the flu, measles / the measles, mumps / the mumps
|
зі словом television в загальному розумінні (не як річ) |
We often watch television. BUT: Please, turn off the television. |
для підсилення значення та важливості якоїсь речі, людини, явища |
Elyzabeth Taylor was here. – Not the Elizabeth Taylor, surely? | Miami is THE place to have excellent rest. |
А
ле
все ж таки пам’ятайте, що часто різниця
між “чимось загальним” та “чимось
конкретним/визначеним”
не досить ясна:
I like working with people (= ‘люди’ взагалі).
I like working with young people (не всі ‘люди’ – але все ще
загальне розуміння).
I like the people I work with (= конкретна группа людей).
A Choose the right article:
1 2. … Russia is a faraway country, where mostly bears live. 3. Last year I was in the USA and saw … Niagara Fall. 4. This winter we are going to ski in … Urals. 5. Every immigrant wants to see … America of his dream. 6. We went for a night walk to discover … different New York. 7. They spent summer holidays on … Bahamas. 4. Some of my old friends live in … UK. 5. … Kilimanjaro is a sacred place for many African tribes. 6. There are many popular skiing resorts in … Alps. 7. To me … Prague is a very romantic town. 8. … Everest is the highest peak on Earth. 9. Is there life in … Dead sea? 10. We all hope that our children will live in … Russia. ************************************ C Fill in the gaps: 1 . There is an interesting documentary about domestic cats on … BBC today. 2. … Ogonyok was a very popular magazine 20 years ago. 3. Rich tourists often stay at … Metropol. 4. My wife and I often go to … Tretyakov Gallery. 5. … KGB was the most powerful organization in the Soviet Union. 6. The main goal of every serious sportsman is to win … Olympic Games. 7. … ABBA is the group of my youth. 8. It is rather difficult to get a ticket to … Bolshoi Theatre. 9. My father works in … Foreign Ministry. 10. After the incident … Kremlin is still keeping silence. *********************************** D Insert articles where necessary:
5. Tomorrow we are going to cross the equator. ___ 6. There was not a single cloud in blue sky. ___ 7. The travellers wanted to see the wonders of the East. ___ 8. We go to the zoo once in a blue moon. ___ 9. The doctor told me to stay in bed for a week. ___ 10. What is a weather like today? - It is sunny. ___ *********************************** H Insert articles where necessary:
1 2. The bad news came on … bright sunny morning. 3. Will you stay with us for … dinner? 4. They entered the old cemetery at … midnight. 5. He had … light breakfast and rushed to his office. 6. I got used to doing yoga in … morning. 7. He was fixing his car all … day long. 8. During … winter we go skiing and skating every weekend. 9. Day after … day he was thinking about his beloved. 10. It was …. spring of our feelings. ************************************ I Define whether the sentence is Correct ( C) or Wrong (W): 1. Are you going to the picnic the day after tomorrow? ___ 2. Day by the day we talked for hours. ___ 3. Let's have dinner together? ___ 4. All through night we were looking for the lost dog. ___ 5. Winter in 1979 was very severe. ___ 6. Summer is the traditional time for holidays. ___ 7. It is great to get up early in the morning and take a walk in the forest. ___ 8. Did you like lunch at my aunt's place? __ 9. Would you like some fruit salad for the dessert? ___ 10. It was an absolutely fantastic dinner! You are a marvellous cook! ___ |
8. … Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world. 9. I am planning to go through … Sahara on a motorbike. 10. In my childhood I used to spend summer in … Crimea. ************************************ B Insert articles where necessary: 1 . There are many beautiful lakes on … Kolsky peninsular. 2. We saw many sharks yesterday in … Mexican Bay. 3. My boss prefers to spend winter on … popular resort at … Black Sea.
*********************************** E Insert articles where necessary: 1 . Vasiliy Pushkin is … best student in … our group. 2. Who wants to see me? – … John Smith. 3. She is … real Cinderella. She works from morning till night every day. 4. My friend recently bought … new Ferrari. He likes fast cars. 5. Yesterday I saw … Valery Kipelov in … musical shop! 6. Many people were dissatisfied by the rule of Peter … Great. 7. I have a cat. His name is … Stephan. 8. I think this painting is … early Rembrandt. 9. Are … Volkovs coming to our party? 10. … Unfortunate Mike lost his job. ************************************ F Fill in the gaps: 1 . I would like to fly to … moon one day. 2. He couldn't get to … work on time because of the terrible traffic jam. 3. You will be sent to prison where you will spend many years. 4. Every child wants to walk on … Milky Way. 5. It is so great to be a scientist and explore … Universe. 6. What … wonderful weather we are having today! 7. It was … new horizon of human knowledge. 8. Do you still go to … church every Sunday? 9. This is … prison, not a resort. 10. The old woman is going to … church near the river. ************************************ G Point out the Correct (C) & Wrong ( W) sentences: 1. Let's stay at home in evening and watch a good film. ___ 2. Clean your teeth and go to the bed. ___ 3. You need a good sleep. ___ 4. His behaviour is quite weird, because he has been in the prison for seven years__ J Choose the right article: 1 . Children know that … stork delivers babies to their parents. 2. … white dove is the symbol of peace. 3. … woman traditionally looks after children and keeps the house. 4. … radio was invented by Popov. 5. … white tiger is an extremely rare animal. 6. … fauna of Australia is absolutely unique. 7. I want to buy … big dog to guard my country house. 8. … wolf can run 100 km without a stop. 9. … fox is a traditional negative hero of Russian fairy tales. 10. Last year I saw … blue whale in the ocean. ************************************* K Read the text & fill in the gaps
Tokyo Teens Japanese culture is having 1) … enormous impact on 2) … rest of the world, especially in 3) … areas of film, food, music and fashion. In 4) … Tokyo you can find cutting-edge fashion, experimental music and 5) … really funky, trendy youth scene. 6) … streets of Shibuya are 7) … city’s most popular area for youth culture. Teenagers here are hip kids with all 8) … latest gadgets. 9) … Japanese teenage girls spend their money on 10) ... Hottest trends in clothes and music, and 11) … teenage boys invest in 12) … latest computer games and 13) … technology. Some young Japanese people have started their own fashion houses and design companies which are taking 14) … rest of 15) … world by storm!
|
.
I would
like
to
visit …
Northern
Africa
one
day.
fter
school
he
entered
… Oxford
University.
.
… morning
was very
sunny.
with
a, an or
the where
necessary:
O
n
misty November evenings Leonard Mead would leave his house for lonely
walks through the silent city. With his hands in the pockets, he made
his way very carefully trying not to step over a blade of grass. He
would stand upon a street corner and look down long moonlit roads,
deciding which way to go. But it really made no difference. He seemed
to be alone in this world of 2053 AD.
Sometimes Leonard would walk for hours and miles and return only at midnight. And on his way he would see the houses with their dark windows, and he seemed to be walking through a graveyard. Sudden grey ghosts happened to appear behind the dark curtains. He would stop, listen, look, and go on, his feet making no noise.
He used to put soft shoes on for his night walks. He didn't want anybody to notice him walking in early November. But in ten years of walking by night or day he had never met another person.
That evening there was a good crystal frost in the air. He listened to the rustle of autumn leaves under his feet and whistled between his teeth.
'Hello, in there,' he said to every house. 'What's on tonight?'
The street was silent and long and empty. If he closed his eyes and stood very still, frozen, he could imagine himself upon the center of a desert with no house in a thousand miles, and only dry river-bed streets.
'What is it now?' he asked the houses. 'A detective? A quiz? A comedy?'
T
wo
highways crossed the city. During the day they were busy with
thousands of insect-looking cars. But now these highways were
like streams in a dry season.
He turned back on a side street toward his home. That moment a car turned a corner quite suddenly and flashed a white light on him. He stood motionless and then went toward it.
A metallic voice called to him:
“Stand still. Stay where you are! Don't move!”
He stopped.
“Put up your hands!”
“
But
– “ he said.
The police, of course, but what an unbelievable thing it was! In a three-million city there was only one police car left. There was no crime in the city, so there was no need now for the police.
“Your name?” said the police car in a metallic voice.
“Leonard Mead,” he said.
“Business or profession?”
“I guess you'd call me a writer.”
“No profession,” said the police car.
“You might say that,” said Leonard.
H
e
hadn't written for years. They didn't sell magazines and books any
more. Citizens got used to spending their evenings in their
tomb-like houses. They were lit by television light and the people
were sitting in front of them like the dead. The multi-coloured
lights touched their faces, but never really touched their souls.
“No profession,” said the car voice, hissing. “What are you doing out?”
“Walking,” said Leonard Mead.
“Walking!”
“Just walking,” he said simply, but his face felt cold.
“Walking, just walking, walking?”
“Yes, sir.”
“Walking where? For what?”
“Walking for air. Walking to see.”
“Your address!”
“Eleven South Saint James Street.”
“And there is air in your house, you have an air conditioner, Mr. Mead?”
“Yes.”
“
And
you have a TV in your house?”
“No.”
“No?” There was a long pause. “Are you married, Mr. Mead?”
“No.”
“Not married,” repeated the police voice.
The moon was high and clear among the stars and the houses were grey and silent.
“Nobody wanted me,” said Leonard Mead with a smile.
“Don't speak unless you're spoken to!”
Leonard Mead waited in the cold night.
“Just walking, Mr. Mead?”
“Yes.”
“But you haven't explained for what purpose.”
“I explained: for air, and to see, and just to walk.”
“Do you often do that?”
“
Every
night for years. Is that all?” he asked politely.
“Yes, here.” The back door of the police car opened. “Get in.”
“Wait a minute, I haven't done anything!”
“Get in.”
“I protest!”
He came up to the front car window and looked in. There was no-one in the front seat, no-one in the car at all. It smelled of steel, it smelled too clean and hard and metallic. There was nothing soft there.
“Now if you had a wife to give you an alibi,” said the iron voice. “But –”
“Where are you taking me?”
“To the Psychiatric Center for Research on Regressive Tendencies.” He got in.
A moment later the car passed one house on one street. All the other houses were dark, but this one had all of its electric lights brightly lit, every window was shining in the cool darkness.
“That's my house,” said Leonard Mead.
No-one answered him.
T a s k Say True or False:
************************************ T a s k Circle the correct variant to c omplete the sentence:
and miles and return only at midnight. A. for months |
C. for days 2. During the day they were …. with thousands of insect-looking cars.
3. That evening there was a good …. frost in the air. A. crystal B. bright C. light 4. A moment …. the car passed one house on one street. A. before B. after C. later
|
eonard
Mead was walking along the city.
ometimes
Leonard would walk …
USED TO & WOULD for past habits
Affirmative forms |
||
Used to and would are both used for past habits There is, however, a difference between the two. |
||
Used to |
can refer to both repeated actions and states |
I used to travel much. |
Would |
describes repeated actions, but not states |
Leonard Mead would leave his house for lonely walks through the city. |
Compare: |
Leonard Mead would stand upon a street corner and look down long moonlit roads. I would like to speak to your mom. The second sentence cannot refer to past time as the verb like expresses a state, not an action. |
|
T a s k Complete the sentences with would or used to & translate them. In some
s
entences
only used
to is possible:
Sometimes Leonard 1. walk for hours and miles and return only at midnight.
He 2. walk with his family. And on his way he 3. see the houses with their dark windows, and he seemed to be walking through a graveyard. Sudden grey ghosts happened to appear behind the dark curtains. He 4. stop, listen, look, and go on, his feet making no noise. He 5. put soft shoes on for his night walks.
***************************************************************************
T a s k What did you use to do during your school years? Write 10 sentences using
u
sed
to &
would:
E.g. I would sleep in the day-time.
I used to have lots of toy racing-cars.
****************************************************************************
T a s k Using the story prove that:
L
eonard
Mead was alone in his city.T
he
city was empty.
Leonard Mead didn’t like to watch TV.
Leonard Mead was a a person who violates the law for the police.
Leonard was dissimilar in his city.
T a s k Using the story explain why:
L
eonard
wore soft shoes while walking around the city.Leonard seemed to be walking through a graveyard during his long walks.
Leonard Mead ever met nobody in the silent city.
Leonard Mead gave up writing books.
There was no need in police in the city.
**************************************************************************
T a s k Use your imagination & give your reasons:
1
.What
will happen to Leonard Mead in the Psychiatric Center?
2. If he is taken back home, how will he live after his coming?
3. What is the overtone of the story?
T a s k Explain the metaphorical sense of the sentence:
T
he
multi-coloured lights touched their faces, but never really
touched their souls.
***************************************************************************
