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2. Give Russian equivalents.

to rise to prominence and power; to be oriented to the four cardinal points; staffing; at a set work tempo; to pipe music into work surroundings; to set the pace; to concentrate on just one task.

3. Give English equivalents.

применять инструменты менеджмента; быть известным за что-либо; осознавать; в случае; монотонный и однообразный; сделать более приятным; достигнуть эффективности.

4. Match the words which are close in their meaning.

1. effective

a. do

2. employ

b. big

3. make

c. up-to-date

4. large

d. efficient

5. modern

e. use

5. Match the words having the opposite meaning.

1. rise

a. difficult

2. realize

b. false

3. large

c. fall

4. maximum

d. understand

5. easy

e. small

6. true

f. minimum

6. Match the words to make a word combination.

1. early

a. oriented

2. management

b. specialization

3. employ

c. civilization

4. effective

d. management

5. accurately

e. tools

6. modern

f. engineers

7. Insert prepositions.

  1. Management has been practiced … thousand years.

  2. The Egyptians are known … their construction of pyramids.

  3. … the engineering viewpoint the Great Pyramid … Giza is almost perfectly square.

  4. The maximum work output could be attained … using uniform methods … a set work tempo.

  5. If a worker is concentrated … just one task, efficiency will increase.

8. Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following.

  • limitation of one’s study, business, etc., to particular things or subjects;

  • work, especially tiring physical work, or effort;

  • to use (a person) as a paid worker; to hire;

  • a person who is employed;

  • to arrange into a good working system; make necessary arrangements for (something);

  • to provide the workers for.

9. Answer the following questions on the text.

  1. Who can serve as an example of the first appliers of management tools and techniques?

  2. Where did Egyptians employ management?

  3. What methods were used by Greeks to achieve maximum work output?

10. Agree or disagree to the following. Correct wrong statements.

  1. Work tempo played no role in fulfilling monotonous repetitive tasks.

  2. Early civilizations which employed management tools and techniques did not achieve any success.

  3. Construction of pyramids is a representative example of management feat.

  4. Egyptians could build their pyramids only thanks to talented engineers.

  5. Effective management practices were known to Greeks as well.

  6. Romans were the first to employ specialization of labour.

  7. Efficiency could be attained if each worker is concentrated on one task only.

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